Design study for the support of an inertial guidance test facility on gas lubricated compliant surface spherical bearings

Design study for support of inertial guidance test facility on gas lubricated compliant surface spherical bearing

Grease lubricated spiral groove gyro bearings Final report

Grease lubricated spiral groove bearings suitable for spin axis of gyros in automatic pilot

Holographic photography of high velocity particles

Fourier transform hologram camera increases the velocity range for holography by a factor of 10 to 1000. Two different optical systems, using a triangular arrangement of beam splitters and a mirror to illuminate the object from two directions, are investigated

Feasibility Study of Velocity Synchronized Fourier Transform Hologram Camera System

Velocity synchronized Fourier transform hologram camera syste

Research and development of high-performance axial-flow turbomachinery. Volume 3 - Design of backup gas bearings

Gas lubricated bearing system for turbine compresso

Qualitative application of a result in control theory to problems of economic growth

Qualitative application of result in control theory to problem of economic growt

High performance turboalternator and associated hardware. 3. Design of backup gas bearings

Turboalternator gas bearing system for spacecraft electric power productio

Planetary explorer liquid propulsion study Final report, Jul. 1970 - Jan. 1971

Evaluation of Planetary Explorer propulsion systems of monopropellant hydrazine type for use on Venus mission satellit

An analysis of the side-leakage effect in high-speed gas lubricated slider and partial arc bearings Interim report

Approximate methods for side leakage effect in high speed gas lubricated bearin

Bumblebees exhibit the memory spacing effect

Associative learning is key to how bees recognize and return to rewarding floral resources. It thus plays a major role in pollinator floral constancy and plant gene flow. Honeybees are the primary model for pollinator associative learning, but bumblebees play an important ecological role in a wider range of habitats, and their associative learning abilities are less well understood. We assayed learning with the proboscis extension reflex (PER), using a novel method for restraining bees (capsules) designed to improve bumblebee learning. We present the first results demonstrating that bumblebees exhibit the memory spacing effect. They improve their associative learning of odor and nectar reward by exhibiting increased memory acquisition, a component of long-term memory formation, when the time interval between rewarding trials is increased. Bombus impatiens forager memory acquisition (average discrimination index values) improved by 129% and 65% at inter-trial intervals (ITI) of 5 and 3 min, respectively, as compared to an ITI of 1 min. Memory acquisition rate also increased with increasing ITI. Encapsulation significantly increases olfactory memory acquisition. Ten times more foragers exhibited at least one PER response during training in capsules as compared to traditional PER harnesses. Thus, a novel conditioning assay, encapsulation, enabled us to improve bumblebee-learning acquisition and demonstrate that spaced learning results in better memory consolidation. Such spaced learning likely plays a role in forming long-term memories of rewarding floral resources