55 research outputs found
Unveiling French-African Memory
Whereas the question of memory has become central to French identity, notably in regards to the Vichy period, French-African memory has been systematically obscured
Pour une relecture dynamique de Senghor
La rĂ©flexion qui suit sâintĂ©resse au cheminement de la pensĂ©e de Senghor au sortir de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Loin de lâimage du colonisĂ© aliĂ©nĂ© que certains intellectuels ont vĂ©hiculĂ©e durant plusieurs dĂ©cennies, il sâagira de mettre en Ă©vidence Ă quel point les rĂ©flexions critiques et esthĂ©tiques de Senghor, trop souvent nĂ©gligĂ©es, ont permis la progressive affirmation dâun rĂ©alisme africain, dĂ©tachĂ© du moule esthĂ©tique et politique qui imprĂ©gnait le discours français Ă ce moment-lĂ . Il sâagit donc de clarifier un parcours qui sâest achoppĂ© aux concepts antithĂ©tiques de la raison et de lâĂ©motion, « gros mots » devenus signes dâune polaritĂ© ontologique indĂ©fendable
Sony Labou Tansi : la question du bas matériel et corporel
According to Mikhail Bakhtin, the material and corporeal âlower stratumâ includes the symbols that refer to the nether regions of the human body. By adopting this approach to writing in a dictatorship, Labou Tansi most likely wanted to protect his work and himself from possible reprisals by his countryâs political authorities. More importantly, however, this move constitutes a strategy of subversion of Marxist ideology: the focus on the material and corporal âlower stratumâ (indistinguishable from the carnivalesque) is a form of resistance to what Bakhtin calls official discourse, and becomes a way of reclaiming the writerâs literary autonomy
Calibration and Model Risk in the Pricing of Exotic Options Under Pure-Jump LĂ©vy Dynamics
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Die groeiende belangstelling in kalibrering en modelrisiko is ân redelik resente ontwikkeling
in finansiële wiskunde. Hierdie proefskrif fokusseer op hierdie sake, veral in
verband met die prysbepaling van vanielje-en eksotiese opsies, en vergelyk die prestasie
van verskeie LĂ©vy modelle. ân Nuwe metode om modelrisiko te meet word ook voorgestel
(hoofstuk 6). Ons kalibreer eers verskeie LĂ©vy modelle aan die log-opbrengs van die
S&P500 indeks. Statistiese toetse en grafieke voorstellings toon albei aan dat suiwer
sprongmodelle (VG, NIG en CGMY) die verdeling van die opbrengs beter beskryf as
die Black-Scholes model. Daarna kalibreer ons hierdie vier modelle aan S&P500 indeks
opsie data en ook aan "CGMY-wË ereld" data (ân gesimuleerde wĂĆreld wat beskryf word
deur die CGMY-model) met behulp van die wortel van gemiddelde kwadraat fout. Die
CGMY model vaar beter as die VG, NIG en Black-Scholes modelle. Ons waarneem
ook ân effense verskil tussen die nuwe parameters van CGMY model en sy wisselende
parameters, ten spyte van die feit dat CGMY model gekalibreer is aan die "CGMYwĂȘreld"
data. Versperrings-en terugblik opsies word daarna geprys, deur gebruik te
maak van die gekalibreerde parameters vir ons modelle. Hierdie pryse word dan vergelyk
met die "ware" pryse (bereken met die ware parameters van die "CGMY-wĂȘreld), en
ân beduidende verskil tussen die modelpryse en die "ware" pryse word waargeneem.
Ons eindig met ân poging om hierdie modelrisiko te kwantiseerENGLISH ABSTRACT : The growing interest in calibration and model risk is a fairly recent development in
financial mathematics. This thesis focussing on these issues, particularly in relation to
the pricing of vanilla and exotic options, and compare the performance of various LĂ©vy
models. A new method to measure model risk is also proposed (Chapter 6). We calibrate
only several LĂ©vy models to the log-return of S&P500 index data. Statistical tests
and graphs representations both show that pure jump models (VG, NIG and CGMY) the
distribution of the proceeds better described as the Black-Scholes model. Then we calibrate
these four models to the S&P500 index option data and also to "CGMY-world" data
(a simulated world described by the CGMY model) using the root mean square error.
Which CGMY model outperform VG, NIG and Black-Scholes models. We observe also a
slight difference between the new parameters of CGMY model and its varying parameters,
despite the fact that CGMY model is calibrated to the "CGMY-world" data. Barriers
and lookback options are then priced, making use of the calibrated parameters for our
models. These prices are then compared with the "real" prices (calculated with the true
parameters of the "CGMY world), and a significant difference between the model prices
and the "real" rates are observed. We end with an attempt to quantization this model
risk
Au cĆur des tĂ©nĂšbres, une Ćuvre ambiguĂ«, et discussion par Boniface Mongo-Mboussa
Blaise Ndala revient sur le malaise quâil a ressenti, Ă la fin de ses Ă©tudes, Ă la lecture du CĆur des tĂ©nĂšbres. Ce malaise perdure : pourquoi Conrad a-t-il choisi le bassin du Congo pour planter le dĂ©cor de sa nouvelle ? Pourquoi lâhomme noir devient-il, sous sa plume, un pantin moitiĂ© muet et moitiĂ© sauvage ?Blaise Ndala revisits the discomfort he felt when reading 'Heart of Darkness' at the end of his studies. This discomfort persists: why did Conrad choose the Congo Basin to set the scene of his novella? Why does, under his pen, the black man become a half mute half savage puppet
Table ronde : Les positionnements des écrivains dans le champ littéraire contemporain
Romuald Fonkoua Je vais donc appeler Boniface Mongo-Mboussa, Alain Mabanckou, LĂ©onora Miano et Jack Lamar pour un dĂ©bat qui portera sur le positionnement des Ă©crivains dans le champ littĂ©raire francophone. Boniface Mongo-Mboussa (ModĂ©rateur de la table-ronde) Nous allons donc ouvrir ce dĂ©bat sur le positionnement des Ă©crivains africains dans le champ littĂ©raire francophone, français. Câest un dĂ©bat qui arrive Ă point nommĂ© puisque dâune certaine maniĂšre, il prolonge la belle communication de ..
Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Personalized Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Emerging Role of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase
Background. The objectives were (i) to evaluate the impact of acute pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and anti-TB therapy on the relationship between AST, ALT, and GGT levels in absence of conditions related to hepatotoxicity; (ii) to evaluate the rate and the time of alterations of AST, ALT, and GGT. Design and Methods. A prospective followup of 40 adults (21 males; mean age of 34.7 ± 5.8 years) with active PTB on initial phase and continuation phase anti-TB. Results. Only 3% (n = 1) developed a transient and benign ADR at day 30 without interruption of anti-TB treatment. Within normal ranges, GGT decreased significantly from day 0 to day 60, while AST and ALT increased significantly and respectively. During day 0âday 60, there was a significant, negative, and independent association between GGT and AST. Conclusion. The initial two months led to significant improvement of oxidative stress. Values of oxidative markers in normal ranges might predict low rate of ADR
Diabetes is a Strong Predictor of Mortality During Tuberculosis Treatment: A Prospective Cohort Study Among Tuberculosis Patients from Mwanza, Tanzania.
Strong evidence suggests diabetes may be associated with tuberculosis (TB) and could influence TB treatment outcomes. We assessed the role of diabetes on sputum culture conversion and mortality among patients undergoing TB treatment. A total of 1250 Tanzanian TB patients were followed prospectively during TB treatment with sputum culture after 2 and 5Â months. Survival status was assessed at least 1Â year after initiation of treatment. At baseline, all participants underwent testing for diabetes and HIV, and the serum concentration of the acute phase reactant alpha-1 glycoprotein (AGP) was determined. There were no differences between participants with and without diabetes regarding the proportion of positive cultures at 2 (3.8% vs. 5.8%) and 5 (1.3% vs. 0.9%) months (PÂ >Â 0.46). However, among patients with a positive TB culture, relatively more patients with diabetes died before the 5-month follow-up. Within the initial 100Â days of TB treatment, diabetes was associated with a fivefold increased risk of mortality (RR 5.09, 95% CI 2.36; 11.02, PÂ <Â 0.001) among HIV uninfected, and a twofold increase among HIV co-infected patient (RR 2.33 95% CI 1.20; 4.53, PÂ =Â 0.012), while diabetes was not associated with long-term mortality. Further adjustment with AGP did not change the estimates. Diabetes considerably increases risk of early mortality during TB treatment. The effect may not be explained by increased severity of TB, but could be due to impaired TB treatment response. Research is needed to clarify the mechanism and to assess whether glycaemic control improves survival
Tuberculose pulmonaire Ă Brazzaville en hospitalisation pneumologique: impact du diagnostic tardif Ă l'infection au VIH sur les anomalies radiographiques
Lâobjectif de notre Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©crire les diffĂ©rents aspects radiographiques de la tuberculose pulmonaire selon le degrĂ© de lâimmunodĂ©pression chez les patients VIH. Nous rapportons une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective de 80 patients VIH positif non traitĂ©s prĂ©sentant une tuberculose pulmonaire, hospitalisĂ©s dans le service de Pneumo-phtisiologie de Brazzaville de Janvier 2013 Ă Janvier 2014. Notre Ă©chantillon Ă©tait composĂ© de 44 femmes (55%) et 36 hommes (45%) soit un sex ratio de 0,81. La moyenne dâĂąge Ă©tait de 37,5±9,17ans, la moyenne du Taux de CD4 Ă©tait de 153,13±86,6cell/mm3. La microscopie des expectorations Ă la recherche des bacilles acido-alcoolo-rĂ©sistants Ă©tait positive dans 75% des cas chez les patients ayant un taux de lymphocytes T CD4>200cell/ mm3. Les adĂ©nopathies mĂ©diastinales, les atteintes moyennes, inferieures du champ pulmonaire et la miliaire Ă©taient plus frĂ©quentes chez les patients ayant un taux de lymphocytes T CD4< 200cell/ mm3. LâimmunodĂ©pression sĂ©vĂšre est significativement associĂ©e Ă la prĂ©sentation radiographique atypique de la tuberculose.Pan African Medical Journal 2016; 2
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