Lipidemia status among HIV positive adult male on HAART attending the HIV clinic at Kericho district hospital, Kericho

Background: It is unfortunate that while Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy (HAART) has become the standard of care among HIV positive patients, the medications have been associated with metabolic abnormalities recognised to cause lipidemia.Objective: To establish lipidemia status among HIV positive adult male patients attending HIV clinic at Kericho District Hospital.Design: A cross sectional analytical study.Setting: HIV clinic at Kericho District Hospital, Kenya.Subjects: HIV positive adult male patientsResults: The results indicated that the mean age was 43.52 ± 9.17 years and out of which 82.27% were married. Primary Education level attained 40.97% .The mean lipid profile level was LDL 2.5 ± 1.05mmol/l, cholesterol 4.49 mmol/L ± 1.28 mmol/l, HDL 1.47 ± 0.58 mmol/l and triglycerides 1.96 ± 1.32 mmol/l, against the expected level of LDL (1.1. - 2.4 mmol/L), HDL (0.9 - 1.68 mmol/L) triglyceride (0.41 - 2.61 mmol/L) and total cholesterol (2.55 - 5.7 mmol/L).The prevalence lipidemia was 48.17%.Conclusion: The findings showed that the mean LDL was elevated with proportion of lipidemia at a significant higher level among HIV positive adult patients on HAART with considerable improvement in the nutritional status. Future work should investigate the biological mechanisms and pathways through which micronutrients affects high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL)

Nutritional status of adult male on art at Kericho District Hospital, Kericho County, Kenya

Background: Nutrition and HIV are strongly related and any immune impairment as a result of HIV leads to malnutrition while malnutrition leads to immune impairment and thus worsens the effect of HIV. Individuals living with HIV have special nutritional needs irrespective of whether they are on anti-retroviral treatment or receiving care services.Objective: To establish nutritional status of adult male on ART at Kericho District Hospital, Kenya.Design: Cross sectional analytical study.Setting: HIV clinic at Kericho District Hospital, Kenya.Subjects: HIV positive adult male patientsResults: Body Mass Index ≥18.5 and ≤ 24.5 (70.92), >16 & < 18.5 (11.94), >25.5 and < 30 (11.94), ≤ 16 (2.58) and ≥30.Conclusion: There is a high burden of malnutrition among PLHIV on ART (29.1%). Nutritional assessment, Counseling and support (NACS) should be the key intervention during the course of chronic HIV care and follow up

Breast-, complementary and bottle-feeding practices in Kenya: stagnant trends were experienced from 1998 to 2009

The pattern of infant and young child feeding that provides the most benefit includes being put to the breast within an hour of birth, exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, continued breastfeeding along with complementary foods up to 2 years of age or beyond, and avoidance of any bottle-feeding. However, since there are no published data from Kenya regarding trends in these feeding practices, this research undertook time trend estimation of these feeding practices using the 1998, 2003, and 2008-2009 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey and also examined the multivariate relationships between sociodemographic factors and feeding practices with data from 2008 to 2009. Logistic regression was used to test the significance of trends and to analyze sociodemographic characteristics associated with feeding practices. There was a significant decline in early initiation of breastfeeding among children in Central and Western provinces and those residing in urban areas. Trends in exclusive breastfeeding showed significant improvement in most sociodemographic segments, whereas trends in complementary feeding and breastfeeding remained stable. Bottle-feeding significantly decreased among children aged 12 to 23 months, as well as those living in Coast, Eastern, and Rift Valley provinces. In the multivariate analysis, the province was significantly associated with feeding practices, after controlling for child's size, birth order, and parity. The stagnant (and in some cases worsening) trends in early initiation of breastfeeding and complementary feeding with breastfeeding paint a worrisome picture of breastfeeding practices in Kenya; therefore, efforts to promote the most beneficial feeding practices should be intensified

Serum zinc levels of school children on a corn-soy blend feeding trial in primary schools in Suba district, Kenya

Micronutrient deficiencies are among the top ten leading causes of death in Sub Saharan Africa. In Suba district of Kenya, the problem is compounded by high poverty levels and a high prevalence of HIV and AIDS. This study determined the effect of corn soy fortified complementary food on serum zinc levels among primary school pupils in Suba district. Methodology and results: An experimental study was conducted with children in two schools (Mbita and Sindo) being fed with corn soy blend for three months. Children in a third school (Ong ayo primary) were the control and were not fed with the corn-soy blend. Blood samples at baseline were drawn from 156 school children aged 6 to 9 years from the 3 schools (Mbita 55, Sindo 52 and Ong ayo 49) through systematic sampling while blood samples at follow up were drawn from 138 children (Mbita 49, Sindo 46 and Ong ayo 43). Assessments of serum zinc were done before and after three months of feeding. SPSS and Nutri-survey software packages were used to analyze data into descriptive and inferential statistics. At baseline, nearly all (95.7%) of the pupils were found to be deficient, with low serum zinc (<10.7?m/l). There was a significant reduction (p=0.0421) in the number of zinc deficient cases to 70.2% after feeding for 3 months on corn soy blend with the mean serum zinc having improved from 8.4 to 10.2 ?m/l (p=0.002). Although not significantly different, girls had higher serum zinc levels than boys before feeding trials while the opposite was observed after the feeding trials. Conclusion and potential application of findings: The fortified complementary food significantly improved serum zinc levels and reduced the level of absenteeism from school. Parents are therefore encouraged to introduce and ensure families consume more of corn-soy blended foods at home. It would also be valuable for schools with feeding programmes to introduce corn-soy blends or products as part of school meals. The findings can also be used by policy makers to promote production and consumption of soya beans. Authors recommend a similar study be conducted in a different area among the same age group and results compared to validate the findings of this study

The nutritional status of pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged 25-44 years attending tuberculosis clinic at Lodwar County and Referral Hospital, Turkana County, Kenya

Kenya is ranked thirteenth of the twenty two high-burden tuberculosis countries in the world and fifth highest in Africa. The majority of the people affected by TB in Turkana Central District were aged 25 - 44 years, with the peak at 25 - 34 years. No study in the District Hospital or in the County had targeted establishing nutrition status of tuberculosis patients. Nutritional status is a significant risk factor for the development of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis increases the body need for energy, protein and the demand for vitamins and minerals especially vitamins A, B6 and B12 and minerals like iron and zinc and therefore influencing nutrition status. The study aimed to establish the nutrition status of pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged 25 – 44 years attending TB clinic at Lodwar County and Referral Hospital, Turkana County, Kenya. A cross-sectional analytical study design was adopted among 242 TB patients, who were systematically sampled. Purposive sampling was used to select the Lodwar County and Referral Hospital as the location of the study. BMI, MUAC and skin-fold thickness were measured to determine the nutritional status. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17 and summarized using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, means, and percentages of the study population. Majority of the TB patients were undernourished (50.15%, 59.60% and 61.60%) based on BMI, MUAC and Skinfold thickness respectively. The principal cut-off point used in this study for BMI and MUAC was adopted from WHO 2004 and mean fat percentage interpreted from Lafayette skin fold reference, 2005. There was a high prevalence of under nutrition among the pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged 25 – 44 years attending TB clinic at Lodwar County and Referral Hospital, Turkana County, Kenya

LIPIDEMIA STATUS AMONG HIV POSITIVE ADULT MALE ON HAART ATTENDING THE HIV CLINIC AT KERICHO DISTRICT HOSPITAL, KERICHO

Background: It is unfortunate that while Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy (HAART) has become the standard of care among HIV positive patients, the medications have been associated with metabolic abnormalities recognised to cause lipidemia.Objective: To establish lipidemia status among HIV positive adult male patients attending HIV clinic at Kericho District Hospital. Design: A cross sectional analytical study. Setting: HIV clinic at Kericho District Hospital, Kenya. Subjects: HIV positive adult male patientsResults: The results indicated that the mean age was 43.52 ± 9.17 years and out of which 82.27% were married. Primary Education level attained 40.97% .The mean lipid profile level was LDL 2.5 ± 1.05mmol/l, cholesterol 4.49 mmol/L ± 1.28 mmol/l, HDL 1.47 ±0.58 mmol/l and triglycerides 1.96 ± 1.32 mmol/l, against the expected level of LDL(1.1. - 2.4 mmol/L), HDL (0.9 - 1.68 mmol/L) triglyceride (0.41 - 2.61 mmol/L) and total cholesterol (2.55 - 5.7 mmol/L).The prevalence lipidemia was 48.17%.Conclusion: The findings showed that the mean LDL was elevated with proportion of lipidemia at a significant higher level among HIV-positive adult patients on HAART with considerable improvement in the nutritional status. Future work should investigate the biological mechanisms and pathways through which micronutrients affects high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL)

The impact of a nutrition and health programme on the socio-economic status and food access of households in Suba District, Kenya

Objective: Poor nutrition and ill health affect the productivity, livelihoods and food access of a household. This study investigated the impact of a nutrition and health programme on the socioeconomic status and food access of households in Suba district, Kenya. Methodology and results: Action research design was utilized that involved comparison of the baseline and impact evaluation results after a three-year intervention period. A sample size of 291 randomly selected households from a community whose main economic activity is fishing was used. Data collection instruments included a structured questionnaire, focus group discussion guide and an observation checklist. Data was analyzed using SPSS computer package version 16. A P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Over a three-year period, household size increased from 4.8 to 5.5. Education levels improved insignificantly (P>0.05) while income levels improved with monthly maternal income improving from a minimum of Ksh. 100 to 300 (1.5 to 4.0 US dollars). About 89.6 and 3.4% of households obtained food from own produce and purchase combined with assistance, respectively. About 51.2, 3 and 64% reported to consider their households food secure when there was clear moonlight as the fishermen in their households were assured of a good fish catch, at the end of the month when households had some cash income, and if they harvested between 2 to 5 bags of maize (each 90kg), per season, respectively. More than a third (32.6%) of the respondents were involved in small business while 50.9 and 16.5% were involved in actual fishing and farming, respectively. Only 6.2% of the respondents had access to credit facilities. After 3 years, food consumption patterns did not change significantly from the baseline. Sanitation and morbidity patterns did not improve significantly at the households albeit with nutrition and health education, with 27.5 and 30.9% not having latrines and refuse disposal bins/pits, respectively. The households bathed, washed and drew drinking water from the same point in Lake Victoria. Conclusion and potential application of findings: Nutrition and health programmes have potential to improve the socioeconomic status and household food access depending on content coverage of the programmes

Urbanisation and the nutrition transition: A comparison of diet and weight status of South African and Kenyan women

Aims: To determine and compare the extent of the nutrition transition between Kenyan and South African women. Methods: A nationally representative sample of women aged ≥15 years (n=1008) was assessed in Kenya. Weight, height, and waist and hip circumferences were measured. A 24-hour dietary recall was conducted with each participant. This data was compared with data of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of women in South Africa (n=4481). Dietary intake of South African women was based on secondary data analysis of dietary studies using the 24-hour recall method (n=1726). Results: In South Africa, 27.4% women had a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 compared with 14.2% of Kenyan women. In both countries there were large urban-rural differences in BMI, with the highest prevalence in women in urban areas. BMI increased with age, as did abdominal obesity which was equally prolific in both countries with more than 45% of women in the older groups having a waist/hip ratio ≥0.85. The nutrient mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of the South African rural diet was lower than those of the Kenyans diet (55.9; 57.3%, respectively). Dietary diversity score (DDS) and food variety score (FVS) were significantly lower in South African rural women (3.3; 4.9) compared with Kenyans (4.5; 6.8). Conclusions: Urban-rural differences in diet and weight status indicates that the nutrition transition was similar in both countries despite large sociodemographic differences; however, rural Kenyan women had a better MAR, DDS, and FVS than South African women, most probably due to 60% having access to land. © 2012 the Nordic Societies of Public Health

Dietary practices of pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending clinic at lodwar county and referral hospital, Turkana County, Kenya

Dietary practices and tuberculosis exacerbate each other such that when dietary intake is poor, the prognosis of TB is poor. TB, on the other hand, depresses the dietary intake by lowering the appetite and thereby influencing the nutritional status. The study aimed to establish the dietary practices of pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending TB clinic at Lodwar County and Referral Hospital, Turkana County, Kenya. The study was annalytical cross-sectional. Purposive sampling was used to select the Lodwar County and Referral Hospital as the location of the study. The study samples (n=242) was chosen using the systematic sampling method. The dietary practices analysis involved a 24-hour recall,food frequency questionnaire, and dietary diversity score. TB clinic at Lodwar County and Referral Hospital, Turkana County, Kenya. Tuberculosis patients aged 25 – 44 aged 25-44 years. The energy intake of TB patients accounted for 85% and 81% the RDA for TB for males and females respectively. Carbohydrate consumed was 86% for males and 83% for females. Protein intake was 39% and 46% of the RDA for males and females respectively. Important micronutrients in TB management including Vitamins A, D, B1, B2, B6, C, zinc, selenium and folate were consumed at levels lower than the RDA. The mean number of meals eaten in a day was 1±0.6. Nearly half of TB patients (49%) had a medium DDS (4-5 food groups) and nearly the same percentage (45%) having a high DDS (≥ 6 food groups). Most of the respondents reported poor dietary practices. Most of the respondents reported poor dietary practices. Counseling on dietary practices should be the key intervention during TB management

The Nutrition Transition and Adequacy of the Diet of Pregnant Women in Kenya

Ekonomiese En BestuurswetenskappeLogistiekPlease help us populate SUNScholar with the post print version of this article. It can be e-mailed to: [email protected]