Basis to study the alterations of the hydrological regime and its ecological importance in Argentina

En este trabajo se plantean las bases metodológicas para evaluar los cambios antrópicos que afectan las condiciones ecohidrológicas a una escala regional en la Argentina. La diversidad climática, morfológica y geológica del territorio se manifiesta en diferentes ecorregiones y en una diversidad elevada de ambientes lóticos y lénticos ligados a los sistemas hídricos. Los caudales diarios, los niveles freáticos, las superficies anegadas o las alturas hidrométricas tienen distinta influencia según la ecorregión considerada en cada sistema hídrico. La información hidrológica histórica con continuidad y los registros con una extensión suficiente para analizar las alteraciones del régimen hidrológico son relativamente escasos y se restringen a 163 estaciones de medición. Se plantea aplicar un modelo conceptual para analizar las alteraciones hidrológicas, seguido del estudio de las variaciones temporales en las condiciones hidrológicas y morfológicas previas a la actividad antrópica (preimpacto), para luego considerar la nueva situación hidrológica-ecológica (post-impacto), a partir de las que se deberán adoptar las medidas apropiadas para mitigar los daños ecológicos cuando se produzcan. Aunque existen diversas metodologías para realizar dicho análisis, considerando la disponibilidad de datos actuales en la Argentina, se propone emplear el marco metodológico fundamentado en el concepto ELOHA (Ecological Limit of Hydrological Alteration) para analizar las alteraciones hidrológicas. Si bien el método holístico brinda mejores resultados y menor incertidumbre, considerando la heterogeneidad, la escasez y la falta de continuidad de registros hidrológicos a nivel general, la técnica propuesta podría resultar una buena aproximación a escala regional. Se concluye que será necesario adaptar las bases metodológicas y las técnicas de análisis a tal condición para crear una base de datos para planificar estratégicamente los recursos hídricos en la Argentina.In this work, we propose the bases for assessing the ecohydrological changes resulting from direct and indirect human activities at a regional scale in Argentina. The climatic, morphological and geological diversity of the territory is manifested in different ecoregions and in a high diversity of lotic and lentic environments which are closely linked to the water systems. Daily flows, groundwater levels, flooded surfaces or hydrometric heights have different influences depending on the ecoregion considered in each water system. The historical hydrological information with continuity and records with a sufficient extension for the analysis of the alterations of the hydrological regime are relatively scarce and restricted to 163 measuring stations. The application of a conceptual model for the analysis of hydrological alterations is proposed, followed by the study of temporal variations in the hydrological and morphological conditions prior to the anthropic activity (pre-impact), to then consider the new hydrological-ecological situation (post-impact), on the basis of which appropriate measures should be adopted to mitigate the ecological damage when they occur. Although there are various methodologies to conduct this analysis, considering the availability of current data in Argentina, we propose the use of the methodological framework based on the ELOHA (Ecological Limit of Hydrological Alteration) concept for the analysis of hydrological alterations. Although the holistic method provides the best results and the least uncertainty, considering the heterogeneity, scarcity and lack of continuity of hydrological records at a general level, the proposed technique could be a good approximation at a regional scale. It is concluded that it will be necessary to adapt the methodological bases and analysis techniques to this condition in order to create a database for the strategic planning of water resources in Argentina.Fil: Rodrigues Capitulo, Leandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de Hidrología General; ArgentinaFil: Espínola, Luis Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Yoya, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Gaspari, Fernanda Julia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales; ArgentinaFil: Mazzucchelli, Maria Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales; ArgentinaFil: Kruse, Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de Hidrología General; Argentin

Genetic and phenotypic attributes of splenic marginal zone lymphoma

Altres ajuts: Swiss Cancer Research, ID 3746, 4395, 4660, and 4705; Swiss National Science Foundation, IDSplenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (SMZL) is a heterogeneous clinico-biological entity. The clinical course is variable, multiple genes are mutated with no unifying mechanism, and essential regulatory pathways and surrounding microenvironments are diverse. We sought to clarify the heterogeneity of SMZL by resolving different subgroups and their underlying genomic abnormalities, pathway signatures, and microenvironment compositions to uncover biomarkers and therapeutic vulnerabilities. We studied 303 SMZL spleen samples collected through the IELSG46 multicenter international study (NCT02945319) by using a multiplatform approach. We carried out genetic and phenotypic analyses, defined self-organized signatures, validated the findings in independent primary tumor metadata and in genetically modified mouse models, and determined correlations with outcome data. We identified 2 prominent genetic clusters in SMZL, termed NNK (58% of cases, harboring NF-κB, NOTCH, and KLF2 modules) and DMT (32% of cases, with DNA-damage response, MAPK, and TLR modules). Genetic aberrations in multiple genes as well as cytogenetic and immunogenetic features distinguished NNK- from DMT-SMZLs. These genetic clusters not only have distinct underpinning biology, as judged by differences in gene-expression signatures, but also different outcomes, with inferior survival in NNK-SMZLs. Digital cytometry and in situ profiling segregated 2 basic types of SMZL immune microenvironments termed immune-suppressive SMZL (50% of cases, associated with inflammatory cells and immune checkpoint activation) and immune-silent SMZL (50% of cases, associated with an immune-excluded phenotype) with distinct mutational and clinical connotations. In summary, we propose a nosology of SMZL that can implement its classification and also aid in the development of rationally targeted treatments

Genetic and phenotypic attributes of splenic marginal zone lymphoma

: Splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (SMZL) is a heterogeneous clinico-biological entity. The clinical course is variable, multiple genes are mutated with no unifying mechanism, and essential regulatory pathways and surrounding microenvironments are diverse. We sought to clarify the heterogeneity of SMZL by resolving different subgroups and their underlying genomic abnormalities, pathway signatures, and microenvironment compositions to uncover biomarkers and therapeutic vulnerabilities. We studied 303 SMZL spleen samples collected through the IELSG46 multicenter international study (NCT02945319) by using a multiplatform approach. We carried out genetic and phenotypic analyses, defined self-organized signatures, validated the findings in independent primary tumor metadata and in genetically modified mouse models, and determined correlations with outcome data. We identified 2 prominent genetic clusters in SMZL, termed NNK (58% of cases, harboring NF-κB, NOTCH, and KLF2 modules) and DMT (32% of cases, with DNA-damage response, MAPK, and TLR modules). Genetic aberrations in multiple genes as well as cytogenetic and immunogenetic features distinguished NNK- from DMT-SMZLs. These genetic clusters not only have distinct underpinning biology, as judged by differences in gene-expression signatures, but also different outcomes, with inferior survival in NNK-SMZLs. Digital cytometry and in situ profiling segregated 2 basic types of SMZL immune microenvironments termed immune-suppressive SMZL (50% of cases, associated with inflammatory cells and immune checkpoint activation) and immune-silent SMZL (50% of cases, associated with an immune-excluded phenotype) with distinct mutational and clinical connotations. In summary, we propose a nosology of SMZL that can implement its classification and also aid in the development of rationally targeted treatments