Hemophagocytic Histiocytic Sarcoma in Dog

Background: Histiocytic sarcoma can present in a localized or disseminated form, being a malignant neoplasm derived from interstitial dendritic cells. Another form of the disease is called hemophagocytic histiocystic sarcoma (HHS), which originates from macrophages located in the splenic red pulp and bone marrow. HHS is a rare neoplasm with unknown etiology and rapid development. It mainly affects middle-aged to elderly animals. It primarily affects the spleen and bone marrow, with occurence of metastases in other organs. Some canine breeds are considered more predisposed to this neoplasia, among them the Rottweiler. The aim of this study was to report a case of HHS in a Rottweiler dog.Case: An 8-year-old Rottweiler suffering from hyporexia and progressive weight loss for a month was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of State University of Maringá. On physical examination, he only presented mild discomfort on abdominal palpation. Blood count was performed, which revealed mild thrombocytopenia (145,000/µL, reference value for the species 150,000-500,000/µL). The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) exam was requested for babesiosis and ehrlichiosis, due to a history of ectoparasites. The animal was released with the prescription of Doxycycline at a dose of 10 mg/kg orally for 28 days. After 5 days, the condition worsened and the animal returned with emesis, apathy and hyporexia, being hospitalized. Abdominal ultrasound, blood count, urinalysis, serum urea and creatinine tests were requested. Among the hematological changes, thrombocytopenia (116,000/µL) and the appearing of regenerative anemia and atypical round cells with ample and slightly basophilic cytoplasm in the smear, similar to histiocytes, stood out. On ultrasound examination, splenomegaly was observed with hypoechogenic areas. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the spleen was performed, which revealed the presence of abundant cellularity consisting of round cells arranged individually and in small groups, with variable nucleus / cytoplasm ratio, slightly basophilic cytoplasm and, sometimes, vacuolized. Eccentric nucleus with chromatin ranging from loose to dense, with evident and often multiple nucleus. In addition, a large number of multinucleated giant cells, mitosis figures (sometimes atypical) and intense anisocytosis and anisocariosis were observed. Furthermore, it was possible to observe erythrophagocytic activity, alterations compatible with histiocytic sarcoma (HS). After 10 days of the first visit, the animal died. At necropsy, samples from altered areas of the spleen, lungs and lymph nodes were collected and sent for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination, in which the diagnosis of hemophagic histiocytic sarcoma was confirmed, in addition to lungs and lymph node metastasis.Discussion: The prognosis of HHS is the worst among histiocytic disorders, as it is associated with coagulopathies and severe anemia due to erythrophagocytic activity, as occurred in the case presented, with a maximum survival time between one to two months. The described animal died ten days after showing the first clinical signs. The immunohistochemistry technique using HLA-DR, CD18, CD163, and CD11d markers was essential to confirm the cell line. Positivity for CD11d marker was found, which allowed to classify the neoplasm as hemophagocytic HS. This report exposes the importance of cytological examination for screening and histopathological and immunohistochemical tests to confirm the diagnosis of this extremely aggressive neoplasm

Técnica de criodesidratação comparada entre encéfalos de suínos e caninos para estudo da anatomia animal

A criodesidratação é uma técnica utilizada para conservação de materiais, principalmente vísceras de animais, para estudo prático da anatomia animal. O presente estudo visa demostrar os resultados obtidos com a criodesidratação de encéfalos de suínos e caninos, uma vez que tal material é um dos mais sensíveis à degradação e perde rapidamente suas características durante o manuseio nas aulas práticas. Foram submetidos sete encéfalos de suínos e três de caninos à injeção e submersão em Formol 10%, durante 15 dias, e posterior congelamento e descongelamento, sendo pesados uma vez a cada sete dias e envernizados depois de alcançarem 30% do peso inicial. Os encéfalos apresentaram média de perda de peso semelhante quando comparados entre as duas espécies e redução do tamanho inicial. Após a envernização, os encéfalos mostraram-se resistentes ao manuseio, o que possibilitou a visualização de estruturas sem danificar substancialmente a peça

Physical training prevents body weight gain but does not modify adipose tissue gene expression

The relationship of body weight (BW) with white adipose tissue (WAT) mass and WAT gene expression pattern was investigated in mice submitted to physical training (PT). Adult male C57BL/6 mice were submitted to two 1.5-h daily swimming sessions (T, N = 18), 5 days/week for 4 weeks or maintained sedentary (S, N = 15). Citrate synthase activity increased significantly in the T group (P < 0.05). S mice had a substantial weight gain compared to T mice (4.06 ± 0.43 vs 0.38 ± 0.28 g, P < 0.01). WAT mass, adipocyte size, and the weights of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, lung, kidney, and adrenal gland were not different. Liver and heart were larger and the spleen was smaller in T compared to S mice (P < 0.05). Food intake was higher in T than S mice (4.7 ± 0.2 vs 4.0 ± 0.3 g/animal, P < 0.05) but oxygen consumption at rest did not differ between groups. T animals showed higher serum leptin concentration compared to S animals (6.37 ± 0.5 vs 3.11 ± 0.12 ng/mL). WAT gene expression pattern obtained by transcription factor adipocyte determination and differentiation-dependent factor 1, fatty acid synthase, malic enzyme, hormone-sensitive lipase, adipocyte lipid binding protein, leptin, and adiponectin did not differ significantly between groups. Collectively, our results showed that PT prevents BW gain and maintains WAT mass due to an increase in food intake and unchanged resting metabolic rate. These responses are closely related to unchanged WAT gene expression patterns

Potential of physical training for the prevention of metabolic disorders induced by hypercaloric diet

O aumento do consumo de alimentos ricos em gorduras e carboidratos associado à reduzida prática de exercícios físicos pode ter como consequência o desenvolvimento da obesidade e de distúrbios metabólicos, tais como intolerância à glicose, resistência à insulina, diabetes tipo 2 e dislipidemias. O músculo esquelético contribui diretamente para o desenvolvimento e progressão dos distúrbios metabólicos, especialmente em decorrência da disfunção mitocondrial. Uma das ferramentas amplamente utilizada para o tratamento de distúrbios metabólicos é o treinamento físico, pois promove adaptações metabólicas no sentido oposto aos prejuízos metabólicos induzidos por dietas hipercalóricas. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar se o treinamento físico aeróbio seria capaz de prevenir o desenvolvimento de distúrbios metabólicos induzidos por dieta hipercalórica composta por ração de cafeteria mais frutose e sacarose diluídas em água de beber em camundongos, e se essa resposta seria mediada por adaptações no músculo esquelético. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que o treinamento físico aeróbio preveniu os distúrbios metabólicos induzidos por dieta hipercalórica, tais como deposição de gordura, hiperfagia, hiperglicemia e aumento de pressão arterial, bem como melhorou a capacidade aeróbia. Essas respostas foram associadas apenas ao aumento na capilarização do músculo esquelético, já que a capacidade oxidativa determinada pela citrato sintase e a expressão da proteína PGC-1? não modificaramThe increased consumption of foods rich in fats and carbohydrates associated with reduced physical exercise may result in the development of obesity and metabolic disorders such as glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Skeletal muscle contributes directly to the development and progression of metabolic disorders, especially as a result of mitochondrial dysfunction. One of the tools widely used for the treatment of metabolic disorders is physical training, which promotes metabolic adaptations in the opposite direction to metabolic damage induced by hypercaloric diets. The present study aimed to evaluate whether physical training could prevent the development of metabolic disorders induced by hypercaloric diet consisting of cafeteria diet plus fructose and sucrose diluted in drinking water in mice, and if this response was mediated by adaptations in skeletal muscle. The results showed that physical training prevented metabolic disorders induced by hypercaloric diet, such as fat deposition, hyperphagia, hyperglycemia, increased blood pressure, and improved aerobic capacity. These responses were associated only with the increase in skeletal muscle capillarity, because oxidative capacity citrate synthase and protein expression of PGC-1? did not chang

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A presente dissertação de mestrado propõe-se discutir, sob a ótica da comunicação, em interface com o afeto e a educação, as novas narrativas da parentalidade contemporânea no Brasil. O objeto de análise para a discussão é a influência destes elementos nas relações entre pais e filhos, tendo como corpus de amostra a coluna semanal da psicanalista Vera Iaconelli na Folha de S. Paulo. O estudo analisa 40 artigos sobre a temática da parentalidade e do cuidado com crianças e adolescentes, escritos por Iaconelli no veículo de comunicação e publicados entre os anos 2020 e 2021. Para isso, utilizamos, inicialmente, as metodologias de revisão bibliográfica e discussão teórica, a fim de contextualizar a questão do amor, das relações afetivas na contemporaneidade, o surgimento e desenvolvimento histórico das noções de infância, adolescência e parentalidade, bem como direitos adquiridos, com enfoque à comunicação, à educação e à afetividade como direitos essenciais à vida humana, além de pontuarmos a importância das narrativas e o conceito de novas narrativas. Ademais, para entender tais questões em aplicação aos temas tratados nos artigos, utilizamos a metodologia de análise de conteúdo, que permitiu inferirmos como são manifestadas e qual a influência da comunicação, da educação e do amor no exercício da parentalidade, possibilitando a indicação de novas narrativas sobre a temática. No que tange à comunicação, nossas inferências giram em torno dos desafios do uso excessivo de telas e das redes sociais, ao mesmo tempo em que abordamos o poder simbólico relevante de campanhas que promovem diversidade e inclusão. Já sobre a educação, vemos que seu papel vai muito além dos muros da escola e deve contribuir para a mobilização entre família, sociedade e Estado. Enquanto isso, a educação sexual torna-se um tema cada vez mais urgente, a fim de prevenir abusos e garantir direitos. Sobre o amor parental e as novas temáticas sobre ele, vemos as novas configurações afetivas demandarem mais igualdade de direitos entre pais e mães e exigirem a validação de novos arranjos familiares, relacionados à promoção de uma sociedade mais justa, diversa, inclusiva e solidária.This master\'s dissertation proposes to discuss, from the perspective of communication, in interface with affection and education, the new narratives of contemporary parenting in Brazil. The object of analysis for the discussion is the influence of these elements in the relations between parents and children, having as sample the weekly column of the psychoanalyst Vera Iaconelli in Folha de S. Paulo. The study analyzes 40 articles on the subject of parenting and care for children and teenagers, written by Iaconelli in the vehicle and published between 2020 and 2021. In order to do that, we initially used the methodologies of bibliographic review and theoretical discussion to contextualize the issue of love, affective relationships in contemporary times, the emergence and historical development of the notions of childhood, adolescence and parenting, as well as acquired rights, with a focus on communication, education and affectivity as essential rights to human life, in addition to pointing out the importance of narratives and the concept of new narratives. Furthermore, in order to understand such issues to the addressed themes, we used the content analysis methodology, which allowed us to infer how they are manifested and what is the influence of communication, education and love in the exercise of parenting, enabling the indication of new narratives on the subject. With regard to communication, our inferences revolve around the challenges of excessive use of gadgets and social networks, while also addressing the relevant symbolic power of campaigns that promote diversity and inclusion. As for education, we see that its role goes far beyond the walls of the school and must contribute to the mobilization between family, society and state. Meanwhile, sex education becomes an increasingly urgent issue in order to prevent abuse and guarantee rights. About parental love and the new themes about it, we see the new affective configurations exert pressure for equal rights between fathers and mothers, in addition to demanding the validation of new family arrangements, related to the promotion of a fairer, more diverse, inclusive and solidary society

A viable fetus presenting 68,XX[73]/69,XXX[27] triploid mosaicism

Triploidy is common in human pregnancies. It is detected in 1 to 2% of clinically recognized pregnancies and in approximately 15 to 20% of spontaneous abortions produced by chromosome anomalies. We report a premature liveborn girl (30 weeks of gestation) with microcephaly, facial dysmorphism and skeletal abnormalities who died at one day of age due to respiratory failure. The placenta showed partial hydatiform mole. Autopsy revealed no internal malformations. Cytogenetic analysis of 100 metaphases obtained from renal tissue culture revealed a 68,XX[73]/69,XXX[27] karyotype. To our knowledge this is the first report in the literature of 68,XX[73]/69,XXX[27] mosaicism in a liveborn infant

A viable fetus presenting 68,XX[73]/69,XXX[27] triploid mosaicism

Triploidy is common in human pregnancies. It is detected in 1 to 2% of clinically recognized pregnancies and in approximately 15 to 20% of spontaneous abortions produced by chromosome anomalies. We report a premature liveborn girl (30 weeks of gestation) with microcephaly, facial dysmorphism and skeletal abnormalities who died at one day of age due to respiratory failure. The placenta showed partial hydatiform mole. Autopsy revealed no internal malformations. Cytogenetic analysis of 100 metaphases obtained from renal tissue culture revealed a 68,XX[73]/69,XXX[27] karyotype. To our knowledge this is the first report in the literature of 68,XX[73]/69,XXX[27] mosaicism in a liveborn infant.A triploidia é uma anomalia cromossômica comum encontrada em 1 a 2% das gestações clinicamente reconhecidas e em cerca de 15 a 20% dos abortos espontâneos de causa cromossômica. Em aproximadamente 5% dos casos, uma aneuploidia pode estar também associada (Boué et al., 1985). Descrevemos um recém-nascido do sexo feminino, prematuro (30 semanas de idade gestacional), com microcefalia, dismorfias faciais e alterações de membros, que foi a óbito com 1 dia de vida por insuficiência respiratória. O exame anátomo-patológico da placenta revelou alterações compatíveis com degeneração molar. A necrópsia da criança não evidenciou malformações internas. A análise citogenética de 100 metáfases, obtidas a partir de cultura de tecido renal, evidenciou cariótipo 68,XX[73]/69,XXX[27]. Apenas 9 casos de triploidia 68,XX foram descritos anteriormente, sendo 7 em abortos, 1 em feto de 21 semanas e 1 em recém-nascido a termo. Consideramos que este estudo seja o primeiro da literatura relatando a ocorrência de mosaicismo 69,XXX/68,XX em um recém-nascido vivo. Os autores discutem os achados clínicos e os possíveis mecanismos envolvidos nesta aberração cromossômica