The role of kinematic mental simulation in creating false memories

Our investigation focuses on memory for scenes depicted in photos. According to the mental model theory, the observation of a static scene depicted in a photo which portrays an actor near to perform an action can trigger a kinematic mental simulation of that action unfolding in time. The deriving prediction is that such a kinematic mental model supports the creation of a false memory of the actor performing an advanced phase of the action. We test this prediction in three experiments in which participants are presented with static scenes of actions, and after three days they perform a recognition task in which they assess recognition of old and novel static scenes depicting actions. The results confirm that false memories occur for actions that represent the unfolding over time of the static action initially observed. Our theoretical framework can accommodate also several previous findings in the literature on false memories

Effect of probiotic inocula on the population density of lactic acid bacteria and enteric pathogens in the intestine of weaning piglets

Because antibiotic resistance occurs in bacteria at an alarming rate, significant research has been focused on finding alternative treatments which do not involve the use of antibiotics. The promotion of beneficial gut bacteria can increase the resistance of animals to possible intestinal infections. Probiotics can be administered to humans or animals, offering preventive benefits of protecting the host from various types of intestinal diseases, providing positive effects on digestive processes and stimulating influence on the growth of organism, strengthening the barrier function of the gut microbiota and/or non-specific enhancement of the immune system. A study was designed to screen potential probiotic Bifidobacterium spp. strains with the ability to multiply in the intestine of weaned piglets and then to assess their health promoting effects when challenged with two enteric pathogens. Three series of trials were conducted with 60 weaning pigs fed one of 12 different Bifidobacterium spp. strains either once or twice a day. The most effective probiotic treatment (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, strain Ra 18, at a dose of 1011cfu twice a day) was then challenged in two series of experiments with the enteric pathogens, Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and E. coli K88. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis strain Ra 18 significantly increased (p<0.01) the number of viable bifidobacteria in the cecum contents. When it was challenged with Salmonella, Ra 18 reduced excretion of this pathogen with the faeces. On the whole, supplementation with Ra 18 had a positive effect on the growth performance of pigs except after challenge with E. coli K88 where pigs susceptible to ETEC adhesion were lighter than pigs not susceptible

Il carcinoma colo-rettale nel giovane. Fattori prognostici

Colorectal carcinoma is the third most frequently diagnosed malignant neoplasm. Usually patients affected by this neoplasia belong to VI decade of life. However approximately 2-8% of tumors arise in patients with age under 40 years. Aim of the study was to analyse the results of surgical treatment of colorectal cancer in patiets aged under forty. From January 1987 to December 2002, 46 patients under forty years with colorectal cancer underwent surgical procedure. No perioperative mortality was registered, and complicantions were evidenced in nine patients (20%). Actuarial five years survival was 33%, and overall mean survival was 53 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified as prognostic factors the tumor grade, Dukes' stage, nodal status, and length of symptom

Renal vein obstruction and orthostatic proteinuria: a review

Objectives. The cause of orthostatic proteinuria is not clear but may often relate to obstruction of the left renal vein in the fork between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery (= renal nutcracker). However, reports dealing with proteinuria only marginally refer to this possible cause of orthostatic proteinuria. We analysed the corresponding literature. Results. Five reports addressed the frequency of renal nutcracker in 229 subjects with orthostatic proteinuria. Their age ranged between 5.2 and 17years (female-to-male ratio: 0.96:1.00). Imaging studies demonstrated renal nutcracker in 156 (68%) subjects. Renal nutcracker was also demonstrated in 9 anecdotal reports for a total of 53 subjects with postural proteinuria. Very recently, 13 Italian subjects with orthostatic proteinuria associated with renal nutcracker were reassessed 6years after the initial diagnosis: in nine subjects, both orthostatic proteinuria and renal nutcracker had disappeared; in three, both orthostatic proteinuria and renal nutcracker had persisted; and in one, orthostatic proteinuria had persisted unassociated with renal nutcracker. Conclusions. These data provide substantial support for renal nutcracker as a common cause of orthostatic proteinuri

Brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) feeding damage determines early drop in olive crops

The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys Stål, is an invasive species and a polyphagous pest. BMSB feeding activity was suspected to be responsible for olive damage. To evaluate the effect of feeding damage from adults and nymphs of BMSB, 30 rearing sleeves were positioned in an olive grove, at an early stage of drupe development. The individuals were kept in the rearing sleeves for 48 h, and the number of olives in each sleeve was checked weekly, visually assessing signs of damage and measuring their volume. After the 48-hr exposure, the number of early dropped olives was significantly higher for rearing sleeves containing BMSB adults and nymphs compared with control, with visible signs of damage. The volume of olives still attached was significantly lower for rearing sleeves with adults. These results provide key evidence on BMSB damage in developing olives. If the numbers of BMSB keep increasing in Mediterranean regions (where most of the olive production occurs), actions should be taken to prevent economic losse

Ceniza volcánica como alternativa a la perlita en la formulación de sustratos para plantines florales

Los componentes utilizados para la formulación de sustratos pueden ser orgánicos o inorgánicos; entre estos últimos, la perlita expandida es uno de los más utilizados. Pero tiene algunas desventajas: proviene de un recurso no renovable, no es biodegradable, pierde estabilidad granulométrica y su costo es alto. Consecuentemente, se buscan alternativas para su reemplazo. En junio del 2011, el volcán Puyehue expulsó grandes cantidades de cenizas, y entre sus posibles usos, resultó ser viable como componente de sustratos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar a la ceniza volcánica (CV) como alternativa a la perlita expandida (PE) mediante sus respectivos análisis, formulación de sustratos con 20% o 50% de estos materiales con turba Sphagnum y el desarrollo de plantines de pensamiento (Viola tricolor L.) y de alegría del hogar (Impatiens walleriana Hook.f.) en cada sustrato formulado. A cada material y sustrato se midió el pH, la conductividad eléctrica (CE), densidad aparente (dap) porosidad de aire (PA), capacidad de retención de agua (CRA) y porosidad total (EPT). A los plantines de cada especie se determinó la masa seca aérea y radical. Ambos materiales (PE y CV) se destacaron por tener una CE baja (0,01 y 0,02 dS m-1) y un alto porcentaje de PA (63% y 55%), la ceniza volcánica presentó mayor densidad que la perlita. Los sustratos formulados con la misma proporción de PE o de CV no se diferenciaron en la mayoría de las propiedades evaluadas. En los sustratos con 20% de PE o de CV se observó mayor desarrollo de plantines. Por consiguiente, se considera que es viable el uso de la ceniza volcánica como alternativa al uso de la perlita expandida para formular sustratos.The components used in the formulation of substrates can be organic or inorganic. Among the latter, expanded perlite is most frequently used but it presents disadvantages such as it not being a renewable resource, its lack of biodegradability and its loss of granulometric stability, as well as its high cost. Consequently, alternatives are sought for replacement. In June 2011, the Puyehue volcano expelled large amounts of ash that proved to be viable as substrate component. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the volcanic ash (VC) as an alternative to expanded perlite (EP). Both materials were analyzed for their chemical and physical characteristics and substrates were formulated with 20% or 50% of these materials with Sphagnum peat, and seedlings of pansy (Viola tricolor L.) and impatiens (Impatiens walleriana Hook.f.) were grown on each substrate. For each material and substrate pH, electrical conductivity (EC), bulk density (dap.) air porosity (PA), water holding capacity (CRA) and total porosity (EPT) was analyzed. Aerial and root dry mass was measured on each species. Both materials (PE and VC) were characterized by presentinga low EC (0.01 and 0.02 dS m-1) and a high percentage of PA (63% and 55%); volcanic ash showed more density than perlite. The substrates formulated with the same ratio of PE or VC did not differ in most of the evaluated properties. Seedlings grown onsubstrates with 20% PE or CV presented more dry matter than those grown on substrates with 50% PE or CV. The use of volcanic ash showed to be a good alternative to the use of expanded perlite in formulated substrates.Instituto de FloriculturaFil: Barbaro, Lorena Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Illa Healy, Victoria. Universidad de Morón. Facultad de Agronomía y Ciencias Agroalimentarias; ArgentinaFil: Karlanian, Monica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Mazzoni, Ariel Omar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; Argentin

Cenizas del volcán Puyehue como sustrato para plantas

En junio de 2011, la erupción del complejo volcánico Puyehue expulsó a la atmósfera grandes cantidades de cenizas que actualmente están siendo evaluadas para su uso. El objetivo de este trabajo fue corroborar la viabilidad del uso de estas cenizas como componente de sustrato. Para ello, se analizó física y químicamente muestras recolectadas en la zona afectada y sustratos formulados con turba Sphagnum y ceniza en proporciones de 20 y 50 %. Los sustratos formulados también fueron evaluados mediante el desarrollo de plantas de coral (Salvia splendens). En las muestras de cenizas el pH osciló entre 5,7 y 7,2; los valores de conductividad eléctrica y concentración de calcio, magnesio, potasio y sodio fueron bajos. Físicamente, la densidad aparente fue inversa al tamaño de partículas, además, a mayor tamaño de partículas fue mayor la porosidad de aireación y a menor tamaño fue mayor la capacidad de retención de agua. Los sustratos formulados tuvieron adecuadas propiedades químicas y físicas. En consecuencia, todas las plantas de coral fueron de calidad, pero las plantas de los sustratos con 20 % de ceniza fina y 50 % de ceniza mezcla tuvieron la mayor masa fresca y seca. En conclusión, la ceniza volcánica es un material viable para su uso como sustrato, pero se debe equilibrar la relación de aire y agua según su tamaño de partículas.In June 2011, the eruption of the volcanic complex Puyehue expelled large quantities of ash into the atmosphere that are currently being evaluated for use. The aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of using these ashes as substrate component. Physical and chemical analyses were carried out on samples collected from the affected area sand substrates made with Sphagnum peat and ash proportions of 20 and 50 %. Formulated substrates were also evaluated by developing of coral plant (Salvia splendens). The ash samples ranged from pH 5.7 to 7.2; the values of electrical conductivity and concentration of calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium were low. Physics results showed that bulk density was inverse to the size of particles. Also, to larger particle size was greater the aeration porosity and to smaller sizes was greater the water holding capacity. The substrates formulated were suitable chemical and physical properties. Consequently, the totality of coral plants were quality, but plants of the substrates with 20 % fine ash and 50 % ash mixture, obtained the highest fresh and dry mass. In conclusion, the volcanic ash is a viable material for use as a substrate, but air and water ratio must be balanced according to its particle size.Instituto de FloriculturaFil: Barbaro, Lorena Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Mazzoni, Ariel Omar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Karlanian, Monica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Martí­n Nicolás. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Morisigue, Daniel Enrique. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; Argentin

Expression and regulation of α-transducin in the pig gastrointestinal tract

Taste signalling molecules are found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract suggesting that they participate to chemosensing. We tested whether fasting and refeeding affect the expression of the taste signalling molecule, a-transducin (Gatran), throughout the pig GI tract and the peptide content of Gatran cells. The highest density of Gatran-immunoreactive (IR) cells was in the pylorus, followed by the cardiac mucosa, duodenum, rectum, descending colon, jejunum, caecum, ascending colon and ileum. Most Gatran-IR cells contained chromogranin A. In the stomach, many Gatran-IR cells contained ghrelin, whereas in the upper small intestine many were gastrin/cholecystokinin-IR and a few somatostatin-IR. Gatran-IR and Gagust-IR colocalized in some cells. Fasting (24 h) resulted in a significant decrease in Gatran-IR cells in the cardiac mucosa (29.3 0.8 versus 64.8 1.3, P &lt; 0.05), pylorus (98.8 1.7 versus 190.8 1.9, P &lt; 0.0 l), caecum (8 0.01 versus 15.5 0.5, P &lt; 0.01), descending colon (17.8 0.3 versus 23 0.6, P &lt; 0.05) and rectum (15.3 0.3 versus 27.5 0.7, P &lt; 0.05). Refeeding restored the control level of Gatran-IR cells in the cardiac mucosa. In contrast, in the duodenum and jejunum, Gatran-IR cells were significantly reduced after refeeding, whereas Gatran-IR cells density in the ileum was not changed by fasting/refeeding. These findings provide further support to the concept that taste receptors contribute to luminal chemosensing in the GI tract and suggest they are involved in modulation of food intake and GI function induced by feeding and fasting

Evaluación del rol funcional de variedades ornamentales INTA en cultivos hortícolas de la Comarca Andina

La producción hortícola en la Comarca Andina del Paralelo 42° (SO de Río Negro y NO de Chubut) se caracteriza por ser altamente variable, con muchas chacras pequeñas (entre 0,5 y 2 ha/productor/a) y pocas chacras medianas (entre 5 y 10 ha/productor/a). Domina el sistema de policultivos, con diferente grado de diversificación según el tamaño de la chacra y el tipo de producción. Estas chacras se enmarcan en una estructura de paisaje heterogénea, con parches y corredores de bosque nativo, parcelas cultivadas en los faldeos de los cordones montañosos y fondo de los valles, y zonas urbanas o semi-urbanas En esta edición comunicamos los resultados del ensayo de la temporada 2021/22, en el cual evaluamos el rol funcional al control biológico de áfidos de variedades florales ornamentales INTA en tres chacras de producción hortícola y fruti-hortícola de la Comarca Andina del Paralelo 42°Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Heinzle, Leila Yamila. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extension Rural El Bolson; ArgentinaFil: Heinzle, Leila Yamila. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Chillo, María Verónica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extension Rural El Bolson; ArgentinaFil: Chillo, María Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Germano, Monica Daniela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Germano, Monica Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Villacide, Jose Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Villacide, Jose Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Barbosa, Liliana Anahí. Programa Cambio Rural; ArgentinaFil: Sisón Cáceres, Leandro Axel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extension Rural El Bolson; ArgentinaFil: Mazzoni, Ariel Omar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Area de Desarrollo Rural; ArgentinaFil: Cardozo, Andrea Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extension Rural El Bolson; Argentin