Optimal taxation policy maximum-entropy approach

The object of this paper is firstly to present entropic measure of income inequality and secondly to develop maximum entropy approaches for the optimal reduction of income inequality through taxation.

Multi-objective possibilistic model for portfolio selection with transaction cost

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce the possibilistic mean value and variance of continuous distribution, rather than probability distributions. We propose a multi-objective Portfolio based model and added another entropy objective function to generate a well diversified asset portfolio within optimal asset allocation. For quantifying any potential return and risk, portfolio liquidity is taken into account and a multi-objective non-linear programming model for portfolio rebalancing with transaction cost is proposed. The models are illustrated with numerical examples

Population growth and reproductive potential of five important fishes from the freshwater bodies of Bangladesh

Population growth (length-weight relationship), and reproductive potential (e.g. fecundity, and sex-ratio) of five important fish species (‘mola’: Amblypharyngodon mola, ‘puti’: Puntius sophore, ‘tengra’: Mystus vittatus, ‘shing’: Heteropneustes fossilis and ‘taki’: Channa punctatus) collected from two important fresh water bodies (namely Hilna beel and Beel Kumari beel) Rajshahi, Bangladesh, were studied. Population growth pattern by length-weight relationship (W=aLb ) for the species differed, and exhibited positive allometric growth (P. sophore in Hilna beel), isometric growth (A. mola and C. punctatus in Hilna beel) and negative allometric growth (M. vittatus & H. fossilis in Hilna beel and A. mola, P. sophore, M. vittatus, C. punctatus and H. fossilis in Beel Kumari beel). The results denoted that fecundity of mature females followed a non-linear relationship (F=aLb ) with total length and exhibited positive allometric growth (b>3) with some exception (A. mola in Hilna beel and M. vittatus in Beel Kumari beel). Fecundity of mature females also increased with total body weight and ovary weight following a linear relationship (F=a+bW). Differences in values of sexratios with seasons for all species in this study may have resulted from different environmental factors as well as breeding seasons. The findings of this study would be useful in imposing adequate regulations for the conservation of these fascinating fishes in the fresh water bodies of Bangladesh

Generalised second law of thermodynamics for interacting dark energy in the DGP brane world

In this paper, we investigate the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT) in the DGP brane world when universe is filled with interacting two fluid system: one in the form of cold dark matter and other is holographic dark energy. The boundary of the universe is assumed to be enclosed by the dynamical apparent horizon or the event horizon. The universe is chosen to be homogeneous and isotropic FRW model and the validity of the first law has been assumed here

Human Health Risk Assessment For Arsenic: A Critical Review

Millions of people are exposed to arsenic resulting in a range of health implications.This paper provides an up-to-date review of the different sources of arsenic (water, soil and food), indicators of human exposure (biomarker assessment of hair, nail, urine and blood), epidemiological and toxicological studies on carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health outcomes, and risk assessment approaches. The review demonstrates a need for more work evaluating the risks of different arsenic species such as; arsenate, arsenite monomethylarsonic acid, monomethylarsonous acid, dimethylarsinic acid and dimethylarsinous acid as well as a need to better integrate the different exposure sources in risk assessments

Applications of electrified dust and dust devil electrodynamics to Martian atmospheric electricity

Atmospheric transport and suspension of dust frequently brings electrification, which may be substantial. Electric fields of 10 kVm-1 to 100 kVm-1 have been observed at the surface beneath suspended dust in the terrestrial atmosphere, and some electrification has been observed to persist in dust at levels to 5 km, as well as in volcanic plumes. The interaction between individual particles which causes the electrification is incompletely understood, and multiple processes are thought to be acting. A variation in particle charge with particle size, and the effect of gravitational separation explains to, some extent, the charge structures observed in terrestrial dust storms. More extensive flow-based modelling demonstrates that bulk electric fields in excess of 10 kV m-1 can be obtained rapidly (in less than 10 s) from rotating dust systems (dust devils) and that terrestrial breakdown fields can be obtained. Modelled profiles of electrical conductivity in the Martian atmosphere suggest the possibility of dust electrification, and dust devils have been suggested as a mechanism of charge separation able to maintain current flow between one region of the atmosphere and another, through a global circuit. Fundamental new understanding of Martian atmospheric electricity will result from the ExoMars mission, which carries the DREAMS (Dust characterization, Risk Assessment, and Environment Analyser on the Martian Surface)-MicroARES (Atmospheric Radiation and Electricity Sensor) instrumentation to Mars in 2016 for the first in situ measurements