Evaluating the protective effect of co-administrating of vitamin C and royal jelly on Phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia’s derangements on sperm quality and serum parameters in mice Running Title: Role of vitamin C in anemia

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: کاهش جریان خون موجب تغییرات آسیب شناسی در عملکرد طبیعی بیضه و اسپرماتوژنز می شود، همچنین یون‌های آهن آزاد شده ناشی از لیزه شدن گلبول های قرمز و به دنبال آن افزایش یون‌های آهن در بافت بیضه ممکن است موجب استرس اکسیداتیو و اختلال در عملکرد دستگاه تولید مثل گردد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی، تعداد 32 سر موش بالغ 20 تا 25 گرمی به 4 گروه تقسیم شدندکه شامل گروه کنترل دریافت کننده سرم فیزیولوژی با دز ml, IP) 2/0)، گروه کنترل شم دریافت کننده فنیل هیدرازین (PHZ) با دزIP) g,100 mg/6)، گروه فنیل هیدرازین همراه با ویتامین C با دز mg/kg, IP) 250) و ژل رویال با دز mg/kg) 100) از طریق دهانی، و گروه دریافت کننده ژل رویال همراه با ویتامین C بودند. پس از 35 روز نمونه های خونی از طریق قلب جمع آوری شده و سطوح سرمی ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانتی تام (TAC) و مالون دی آلدئید (MDA) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. همچنین پارامترهای اسپرم شامل شمارش، تحرک، قابلیت زنده مانی، تراکم کروماتین و آسیب DNA اسپرم مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته‌ ها: نتایج نشان دهنده کاهش معنی دار TAC بود که تجویز آنتی اکسیدانت‌ها توانسته بود از این کاهش جلوگیری کند. علاوه ‌براین فنیل هیدرازین باعث افزایش سطح MDA در سرم شده بود. با این وجود تجویز آنتی اکسیدانت‌ها موجب کاهش آن در حیوانات گردید. در نهایت ویتامین C به همراه ژل رویال باعث افزایش معنی دار در کیفیت پارامترهای اسپرم گردید (05/0

Ameliorative effects of crocin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in testis of adult mice: An experimental study

Background: Paraquat (PQ), as a pyridine compound, is widely used worldwide to control annual weeds. The oxidative stress caused by PQ can cause deleterious changes in the testicular tissue. Objective: An investigation on the protective effects of Crocin (CCN) against PQinduced oxidative damages and apoptotic indices in testicular tissue. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight adult male albino mice (20-25 gr) were divided into four groups (n = 7/each). The control group received 0.1 ml/day of normal saline by intraperitoneal injection (IP); sham-control group received PQ 5 mg/kg/day, IP, and the experimental groups received PQ (CCN+PQ) and CCN-sole (200 mg/kg/day, IP), respectively, for 35 continuous days. At the end of the treatment period, the testes were dissected out and used for biochemical, molecular, and histological analyses. The expressions of tumor suppressor p53, B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2), and caspase-3 were considered as hallmark factors of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, the testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated as key biomarkers for oxidative stress. Results: The PQ significantly (p < 0.02, p < 0.01) diminished the spermatogenesis indices and SOD, increased MDA levels, and enhanced the apoptosis-related gene expression. However, the co-administration of CCN and PQ significantly (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.02) ameliorated the spermatogenesis ratio, upregulated the SOD level as well as bcl-2 expression, and reduced the MDA content and apoptosis vs the PQ-sole group. Conclusion: This study showed that the antioxidant properties of CCN enable to ameliorate the PQ-induced destructive effects by upregulating the testicular structure, antioxidant and apoptotic status. Key words: Histology, Testis, Paraquat, Crocin, Mice

Protective effect of vitamin C against hemolytic anemia-induced changes in small intestine histoarchitecture of phenylhydrazine-treated mice

Background and aims: Hemolytic anemia-induced hypoxia can lead to multi-organ dysfunctions. The aim of the present study was to explore the efficacy of vitamin C as an antioxidant agent against hemolytic anemia-induced changes in small intestine histoarchitecture of phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-treated mice. Methods: In this experimental study, adult male mice were randomly assigned to four groups of eight mice each. PHZ was administered to two groups of mice at a dose of 60 mg/kg per 48 hours intraperitoneally for 35 days. One of these groups received vitamin C (250 mg/kg per day) intraperitoneally four hours before PHZ administration. A vehicle-treated control group and a vitamin C control group were also included. 24 hours after the last treatment, desired segments of small intestines were dissected out and subjected to histological processing and morphometric parameters were evaluated. Results: PHZ caused significant decreases in villi width of duodenum and jejunum, crypts depth of duodenum, distribution rate of the goblet cells in ileal villi and height of villi in all segments of small intestine. Vitamin C markedly improved all changes in the aforementioned parameters. Conclusion: Vitamin C could ameliorate hemolytic anemia-induced histological injuries in mouse small intestine

Honey and metformin ameliorated diabetes-induced damages in testes of rat; correlation with hormonal changes

Abstract Background: The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus is on rise. Diabetesinduced oxidative stress has been known to affect liver, pancreas, kidney and reproductive organs pathologically. Honey is a natural product of bee with antioxidant properties. Objective: Current study aimed to analyze the protective effects of Metformin (MF) alone and MF+ natural honey co-administration on diabetes-induced histological derangements in testis of rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty six, mature male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups including; control, honey-dosed non-diabetic, diabetesinduced (65 mg/kg, single dose), honey-administrated diabetic (1.0 g/kg/day), Metformin-received diabetic (100 mg/kg/day), Metformin and honey-co-treated diabetic which were followed 40 days. The animals were anesthetized by diethyl ether and the blood samples were collected. The serum levels of testosterone, Insulin, LH and FSH analyzed using antibody enzyme immunoassay method. The testicular tissues were dissected out and underwent to histological analyses. Results: The biochemical analyses revealed that the diabetes resulted in significantly reduced testosterone (p<0.01), LH and FSH (P<0.01, 0.001) levels in serum. Light microscopic analyses showed remarkable (p<0.01) reduction in seminiferous tubules diameter (STD), spermiogenesis index (SPI) and thickness of the epithelium in the diabetic group versus control and co-treated groups. Simultaneous administration of the honey with MF could fairly up-regulate testosterone, LH and FSH levels. The animals in metformin and honey-treated group exhibited with improved tubules atrophy, elevated spermiogenesis index and germinal epithelium thickness. Conclusion: Our data indicated that co-administration of Metformin and honey could inhibit the diabetes-induced damages in testicular tissue. Moreover, the simultaneous administration of metformin and honey up-regulated the diabetesreduced insulin, LH, FSH and testosterone levels

Nicotine-induced damages in testicular tissue of rats; evidences for bcl-2, p53 and caspase-3 expression

Objective(s): Present study was performed in order to uncover new aspects for nicotine-induced damages on spermatogenesis cell lineage. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 36 mature male Wistar rats were divided into three groups as; control-sham (0.2 ml, saline normal, IP), low dose (0.2 mg/kg BW-1, IP) nicotine-received and high dose (0.4 mg/kg BW-1, IP) nicotine-received groups. Following 7 weeks, the expression of bcl-2, p53 and caspase-3 at mRNA and protein levels were investigated by using reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses, respectively. Moreover, the serum level of FSH, LH and testosterone were evaluated. Finally, the mRNA damage was analyzed by using special fluorescent staining. Results: Nicotine, at both dose levels, decreased tubular differentiation, spermiogenesis and repopulation indices and enhanced cellular depletion. Animals in nicotine-received groups exhibited a significant (

Honey and metformin ameliorated diabetes-induced damages in testes of rat; correlation with hormonal changes

Background: The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus is on rise. Diabetes-induced oxidative stress has been known to affect liver, pancreas, kidney and reproductive organs pathologically. Honey is a natural product of bee with antioxidant properties. Objective: Current study aimed to analyze the protective effects of Metformin (MF) alone and MF+ natural honey co-administration on diabetes-induced histological derangements in testis of rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty six, mature male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups including; control, honey-dosed non-diabetic, diabetes-induced (65 mg/kg, single dose), honey-administrated diabetic (1.0 g/kg/day), Metformin-received diabetic (100 mg/kg/day), Metformin and honey-co-treated diabetic which were followed 40 days. The animals were anesthetized by diethyl ether and the blood samples were collected. The serum levels of testosterone, Insulin, LH and FSH analyzed using antibody enzyme immunoassay method. The testicular tissues were dissected out and underwent to histological analyses. Results: The biochemical analyses revealed that the diabetes resulted in significantly reduced testosterone (p<0.01), LH and FSH (P<0.01, 0.001) levels in serum. Light microscopic analyses showed remarkable (p<0.01) reduction in seminiferous tubules diameter (STD), spermiogenesis index (SPI) and thickness of the epithelium in the diabetic group versus control and co-treated groups. Simultaneous administration of the honey with MF could fairly up-regulate testosterone, LH and FSH levels. The animals in metformin and honey-treated group exhibited with improved tubules atrophy, elevated spermiogenesis index and germinal epithelium thickness. Conclusion: Our data indicated that co-administration of Metformin and honey could inhibit the diabetes-induced damages in testicular tissue. Moreover, the simultaneous administration of metformin and honey up-regulated the diabetes-reduced insulin, LH, FSH and testosterone levels

Simultaneous Administration of Dexamethasone and Vitamin E Reversed Experimental Varicocele-induced Impact in testicular tissue in Rats; Correlation with Hsp70-2 Chaperone Expression

ABSTRACTPurpose:This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of isolated and co-administration of vitamin E (VitE) and dexamethasone (DEX) on varicocele (VCL)-induced damages in testicular tissue.Materials and Methods:Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=6), including; control-sham, non-treated VCL-induced, VitE-treated VCL-induced (VitE, 150 mg/kg, orally), DEX-administrated VCL-induced (DEX, 0.125 mg/kg, i.p.), VitE+DEX-received VCL-induced animals. The antioxidant status analyses, histopathological examinations, hormonal assay and tissue levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were analyzed. The germinal epithelium RNA damage and Leydig cells steroidogenesis were analyzed. Moreover, the Hsp70-2 protein expression was examined based on immunohistochemical and western blot analyses. The sperm parameters, DNA integrity and chromatin condensation were investigated.Results:VitE and DEX in simultaneous form of administration significantly (P<0.05) down-regulated the tissue ALP level and attenuated the VCL-decreased GSH-px, SOD and TAC levels and remarkably (P<0.05) down-regulated the testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) contents. The VCL-induced histopathological alterations significantly (P<0.05) improved in VitE and DEX-administrated animals. The VitE and DEX co-administration reduced the VCL-increased RNA damage and elevated the Leydig cells steroidogenic activity. The Hsp70-2 protein level completely (P<0.05) increased in VitE and DEX alone&#8211;and-simultaneous-administrated animals. Finally, the VitE and DEX could significantly (P<0.05) improve the VCL-decreased semen quality and improved the sperm DNA integrity and chromatin condensation.Conclusion:Our data suggest that Vit E by up-regulating the antioxidant status and DEX by reducing inflammation-dependent oxidative and nitrosative stresses could improve the VCL-reduced Hsp70-2 chaperone expression and ultimately protected the testicular endocrine activities and promoted the spermatogenesis process