The Legislative Resolution of the Rulemaking Versus Adjudication Problem in Agency Lawmaking

Over the past several years there has been considerable debate as to whether federal agencies should develop law and policy by adjudication, a traditional lawmaking forum, or by rulemaking, a forum unique to agencies. The consensus is that, in both theory and practice, rulemaking is the superior forum. It permits broad-based participation that benefits the affected public and educates the agency, its procedures expedite policy development, and its requirement that standards be codified and published promotes clarity and uniform application of law. Thus, the rulemaking process has been acclaimed as one of the greatest inventions of modem government, and the agencies\u27 failure to utilize it has been deplored. But these laments may be, in the words of Judge Friendly, no more than crocodile tears. \u2

Generation of Elastic Waves by Electromagnetic Induction

Photoacoustics in solids provides a useful technique for both characterization of material properties and the detection of defects. In photoacoustics, a periodic thermal source is used to generate an elastic wave. Typically the thermal source is a laser or charged particle beam, however other sources are currently being investigated. A need for other sources is required for objects which have reflective surfaces or are too large to fit into a vacuum chamber, such as large metallic structures