Performance, egg quality and nitrogen balance of commercial laying hens fed diets with different levels of crude protein and lysine

O experimento foi conduzido para avaliar os efeitos de rações com diferentes níveis de proteína bruta (PB) e lisina sobre as características de desempenho, a qualidade interna dos ovos e o balanço/retenção do nitrogênio. Foram utilizadas 160 poedeiras Hisex White com 48 semanas de idade, alojadas individualmente em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 × 2, com quatro níveis de PB (12, 14, 16 e 18%) e dois de lisina (0,85 e 1,00%), totalizando oito rações com cinco repetições de quatro aves. O consumo de proteína bruta, o peso dos ovos, a massa de ovos e a porcentagem de albúmen apresentam resposta linear crescente aos níveis de PB na dieta. O balanço de nitrogênio não é alterado pelos níveis de proteína das rações.The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of diets with different levels of crude protein (CP) and lysine (LYS) on characteristics of performance, egg internal quality, and nitrogen balance/retention. It was used 160 Hisex White laying hens at 48 weeks of age, individually accomodated in a complete random design in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme with four levels of crude protein (12, 14, 16 and 18%) and two levels of lysine (0.85 and 1.00%), totalizing eight treatments with five replicates of four birds each. Crude protein intake, egg weight, egg mass and percentage of the albumen show increasing linear response to the levels of crude protein in the diet. Nitrogen balance is not altered by the levels of proteins in the diets.Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES

Performance and egg quality of commercial laying hens fed diets with different levels of methionine and lysine

Foram avaliados os efeitos dos níveis de metionina e lisina sobre o desempenho e a qualidade interna e externa dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais. Foram utilizadas 256 poedeiras Hisex White com 68 semanas de idade, alojadas individualmente em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 4 õ 4, com quatro níveis de lisina (0,482; 0,682; 0,882 e 1,082%) e metionina (0,225; 0,318; 0,411 e 0,505%), totalizando 16 dietas, cada uma com quatro repetições de quatro aves. O desempenho foi avaliado por meio das características consumos de ração, lisina, metionina, proteína bruta e de energia, peso, produção e massa de ovos e conversão alimentar. A qualidade interna dos ovos foi avaliada por meio das características peso e porcentagem de albúmen e gema e pela unidade Haugh. As aves apresentaram máxima produção de ovos quando alimentadas com rações contendo 0,444% de metionina total e 0,872% de lisina total. A classificação dos ovos por tipo e as características de qualidade interna e externa dos ovos não foram influenciadas pelos níveis de metionia e lisina da dieta.This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of levels of methionine and lysine on performance and on the internal and external egg quality of commercial laying hens. It was used 256 Hisex White laying hens at 68 weeks of age, which were individually housed in a complete random design in a 4 õ 4 factorial scheme with four levels of lysine (0.482, 0.682, 0.882, and 1.082%) and of methionine (0.225, 0.318, 0.411, and 0.505%) totaling sixteen diets with four replicates with four birds each. Performance was evaluated through the following characteristics: feed intake, consumption of lysine, methionine, crude protein and energy, weight, production and mass of eggs and feed conversion. Internal quality of eggs was evaluated through the characteristics of weight and yolk percentage and by Haugh unit. Birds showed maximal egg production when fed rations with 0.444% of total methionine and 0.872% total lysine. Rating of eggs by their types and internal and external quality of eggs were not influenced by levels of methionine and lysine in the diet

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Performance, egg quality, and nitrogen balance of commercial laying hens fed different dietary levels of crude protein, methionine and lysine

Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com um total de 416 poedeiras Hisex White, com os objetivos de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis dietários de proteína bruta (PB) e de lisina (LIS) sobre as características de desempenho, qualidade interna dos ovos e determinar o balanço e o coeficiente de metabolizabilidade aparente do nitrogênio (Experimento 1) e avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis dietários de LIS e metionina (MET) sobre o desempenho, qualidade interna dos ovos e propriedades funcionais dos componentes dos ovos (Experimento 2). No Experimento 1, foram utilizadas 160 poedeiras alojadas individualmente e submetidas ao delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, com os fatores: níveis de PB (12%, 14%, 16% e 18%) e de LIS (0,85% e 1,00%), totalizando oito tratamentos com cinco repetições de quatro aves cada. No Experimento 2, foram utilizadas 256 poedeiras alojadas individualmente e submetidas ao DIC em arranjo fatorial 4x4, com os fatores: níveis de LIS (0,482%, 0,682%, 0,882% e 1,082%) e de MET (0,225%, 0,318%, 0,411% e 0,505%), totalizando 16 tratamentos com quatro repetições de quatro aves cada. O desempenho foi avaliado por meio das características consumos de ração (CR), lisina (CLIS), metionina (CMET), proteína bruta (CPB) e de energia (CE), peso (PO), produção (PROD) e massa de ovos (MO), e conversão alimentar (CA). As características CPB, PO e MO tiveram respostas linear crescente. A qualidade interna dos ovos foi avaliada por meio das características peso e porcentagens de albúmen (ALB%) e gema (GEM%), e unidade Haugh (UH). A ALB% apresentou diferença significativa com resposta linear crescente. Em ambos experimentos, a qualidade dos ovos armazenados foi mensurada pelas características UH, PO e altura de albúmen, as quais apresentaram melhores resultados quando os ovos foram conservados em ambiente refrigerado. No entanto, independente do ambiente, a qualidade dos ovos piorou com o aumento do tempo de armazenamento. Respostas máximas das análises de proteína, sólidos totais, viscosidade e pH dos componentes albúmen e gema, foram obtidas quando as aves foram alimentadas com a concentração média de 15,33% de PB na dieta. No Experimento 1, após o término do período experimental foram realizadas coletas das excretas por um período de três dias para cálculo do balanço de nitrogênio, sendo observado aumento significativo da ingestão e excreção de nitrogênio conforme o incremento de PB na dieta. No experimento 2, as características CR, CMET, CE, PROD, PO e MO apresentaram resposta máxima quando as aves foram alimentadas com as concentrações dietárias médias de 0,870% de LIS e de 0,450% de MET. A classificação dos ovos por tipo e as características de qualidade interna e externa dos ovos não sofreram influência dos diferentes níveis dietários de MET e LIS. As propriedades funcionais dos componentes albúmen e gema foram avaliadas por meio da qualidade do cozimento com a confecção de bolos tipos Angel e Sponge cakes, a qual não foi influenciada pelos tratamentos. Conclui-se que níveis médios de 15,33% de PB, 0,450% de MET e 0,870% de LIS satisfazem as exigências das poedeiras para as características avaliadas.Four hundred sixteen Hisex White hens were used to evaluate the effects of different dietary levels of crude protein (CP) and lysine (LYS) on performance, internal egg quality and to determine the nitrogen balance and its apparent metabolizability coefficient (Experiment 1), and to evaluate the effects of different dietary levels of LYS and methionine (MET) on performance, internal egg quality and functional properties of egg components (Experiment 2). One hundred sixty hens were randomly distributed in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme: CP levels (12%, 14%, 16% and 18%) and LYS levels (0,85% and 1,00%) totalizing eight treatments with five replicates of four birds each (Experiment 1). Two hundred fifty six hens were randomly distributed in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme: LYS levels (0,482%, 0,682%, 0,882% and 1,082%) and MET levels (0,225%, 0,318%, 0,411% and 0,505%) totalizing sixteen treatments with four replicates of four birds each (Experiment 2). Several characteristics were evaluated such as performance: intakes of feed, LYS, MET, CP and energy, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion; internal egg quality: weight and percentages of egg albumen and egg yolk, Haugh unit; quality of storaged eggs: Haugh unit, egg weight and albumen height; analyses of concentrations of protein, total solids, viscosity and pH of the egg components. The characteristics intake of CP, egg weight, egg mass, and albumen percent showed positive and linear response. In both experiments, the quality of storaged eggs was better when eggs were storaged in refrigerated environment than natural environment. However, irrespective of the environment, the internal egg quality was impaired as the time of storage was increased. Maximum responses for analyses of protein, total solids, viscosity, and pH of albumen and yolk were obtained when hens were fed diets containing 15,33% of CP. In the Experiment 1, after the experimental period, another assay was carried out to determine the nitrogen balance by using total excreta procedure during a three-day period. It was observed increase of intake and excretion of nitrogen as the content of CP in the diet was increased. In the Experiment 2, feed intake, MET intake, energy intake, egg production, egg weight, and egg mass showed maximum responses when hens were fed diets containing 0,870% of LYS and 0,450% of MET. Egg grading, internal and external egg quality characteristics were not influenced by the different dietary levels of MET and LYS. The functional properties of egg components (cooking quality by making Angel and Sponge cakes) were not affected by the treatments. It was concluded that hens fed diets containing 15,33% of CP, 0,450% of MET, and 0,870% of LYS show optimum performance, internal and external egg quality

Sólidos totais e rendimento dos componentes dos ovos de poedeiras brancas e marrons - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v29i2.222

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of lines, age of the hens and egg size on egg weight, albumen and yolk percentages, and total solid concentrations of the albumen and yolk characteristics. Seven hundred twenty eggs were randomly distributed in a 2 x 3 x 3 factorial scheme: lines of the hens (White - Lohmann LSL and Brown - ISA Brown), age of the hens (25-26, 47-48 and 62-66 weeks), and egg size (medium, large and extra), totalizing 18 treatments with 40 replicates of one egg each. The results showed that eggs produced by the white hens had higher yolk percentage than those produced by the brown hens, irrespective of the age. As the age of hens increased, albumen percentage decreased and yolk percentage increased for both lines. Eggs produced by older hens had smaller albumen and yolk solid concentrations than younger hens. It was concluded that eggs produced by white layers are more indicated for egg-processing industry due to highest yolk yield. Egg size does not influence the concentration of total solids and the age of the hen is a decisive factor of the albumen and yolk yield.O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da linhagem, idade da poedeira e tamanho do ovo sobre as características peso do ovo, porcentagens de gema e de albúmen e concentrações de sólidos totais da gema e do albúmen. Foram utilizados 720 ovos distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 x 3 com os fatores: linhagem da poedeira (Branca - Lohmann LSL e Marrom - ISA Brown), faixa etária (25-26, 47-48 e 62-66 semanas) e tamanho do ovo (médio, grande e extra), respectivamente, totalizando 18 tratamentos com 40 repetições de um ovo cada. Os resultados indicaram que os ovos produzidos por poedeiras brancas apresentaram maiores porcentagens de gema em relação às poedeiras marrons, independente da idade das poedeiras. À medida que a idade da poedeira aumentou, a porcentagem de albúmen diminuiu e a da gema aumentou para ambas linhagens de poedeiras. Ovos de poedeiras de maior faixa etária tiveram menores porcentagens de sólidos de albúmen e de gema. Concluiu-se que ovos de poedeiras brancas são mais indicados para a indústria de processamento em função de maior rendimento de gema. O tamanho do ovo não influenciou a concentração de sólidos totais e a idade da ave é um fator determinante do rendimento dos componentes gema e albúmen