139 research outputs found

    IISMM – Institut d’études de l’Islam et des sociĂ©tĂ©s du monde musulman

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    Olivier Bouquet, maĂźtre de confĂ©rences Ă  l’UniversitĂ© de Nice-Sophia AntipolisAnne-Laure Dupont, maĂźtre de confĂ©rences Ă  l’UniversitĂ© Paris-IV/SorbonneBenjamin Lellouch, maĂźtre de confĂ©rences Ă  l’UniversitĂ© Paris-VIII/Vincennes-Saint-DenisCatherine Mayeur-Jaouen, professeur Ă  l’INaLCOSabrina Mervin, chargĂ©e de recherche au CNRSNicolas Michel, maĂźtre de confĂ©rences Ă  l’UniversitĂ© Aix-Marseille-I/ProvenceM’hamed Oualdi, Chantai Verdeil, maĂźtres de confĂ©rences Ă  l’INaLCO Histoire moderne et cont..

    IISMM – Institut d’études de l’Islam et des sociĂ©tĂ©s du monde musulman

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    Olivier Bouquet, maĂźtre de confĂ©rences Ă  l’UniversitĂ© de Nice-Sophia AntipolisAnne-Laure Dupont, maĂźtre de confĂ©rences Ă  l’UniversitĂ© Paris-IV/SorbonneBenjamin Lellouch, maĂźtre de confĂ©rences Ă  l’UniversitĂ© Paris-VIII/Vincennes-Saint-DenisCatherine Mayeur-Jaouen, professeur Ă  l’INaLCOSabrina Mervin, chargĂ©e de recherche au CNRSNicolas Michel, maĂźtre de confĂ©rences Ă  l’UniversitĂ© Aix-Marseille-I/ProvenceM’hamed Oualdi, Chantai Verdeil, maĂźtres de confĂ©rences Ă  l’INaLCO Histoire moderne et cont..

    Sex- and Diet-Specific Changes of Imprinted Gene Expression and DNA Methylation in Mouse Placenta under a High-Fat Diet

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    Changes in imprinted gene dosage in the placenta may compromise the prenatal control of nutritional resources. Indeed monoallelic behaviour and sensitivity to changes in regional epigenetic state render imprinted genes both vulnerable and adaptable

    Epidemiology of surgery associated acute kidney injury (EPIS-AKI): a prospective international observational multi-center clinical study

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    Purpose: The incidence, patient features, risk factors and outcomes of surgery-associated postoperative acute kidney injury (PO-AKI) across different countries and health care systems is unclear. Methods: We conducted an international prospective, observational, multi-center study in 30 countries in patients undergoing major surgery (> 2-h duration and postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) or high dependency unit admission). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of PO-AKI within 72 h of surgery defined by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Secondary endpoints included PO-AKI severity and duration, use of renal replacement therapy (RRT), mortality, and ICU and hospital length of stay. Results: We studied 10,568 patients and 1945 (18.4%) developed PO-AKI (1236 (63.5%) KDIGO stage 1500 (25.7%) KDIGO stage 2209 (10.7%) KDIGO stage 3). In 33.8% PO-AKI was persistent, and 170/1945 (8.7%) of patients with PO-AKI received RRT in the ICU. Patients with PO-AKI had greater ICU (6.3% vs. 0.7%) and hospital (8.6% vs. 1.4%) mortality, and longer ICU (median 2 (Q1-Q3, 1-3) days vs. 3 (Q1-Q3, 1-6) days) and hospital length of stay (median 14 (Q1-Q3, 9-24) days vs. 10 (Q1-Q3, 7-17) days). Risk factors for PO-AKI included older age, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease), type, duration and urgency of surgery as well as intraoperative vasopressors, and aminoglycosides administration. Conclusion: In a comprehensive multinational study, approximately one in five patients develop PO-AKI after major surgery. Increasing severity of PO-AKI is associated with a progressive increase in adverse outcomes. Our findings indicate that PO-AKI represents a significant burden for health care worldwide

    MĂ©ningite bactĂ©rienne de l'enfant : Ă©tude Ă©pidĂ©miologique, suivi auditif et psychomoteur‎. Cohorte du CHU de Rouen 2000-2012

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    Objectif : DĂ©terminer le retentissement auditif des mĂ©ningites bactĂ©riennes de l'enfant, en Ă©valuer le suivi et proposer une prise en charge adaptĂ©e. ParallĂšlement, Ă©valuer le profil bactĂ©rien rĂ©gional, ainsi que les consĂ©quences sur la mortalitĂ© et la morbiditĂ© associĂ©es. MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes : Ă©tude de cohorte monocentrique rĂ©trospective de 243 patients de moins de 16 ans pris en charge entre 2000 et 2012 pour une mĂ©ningite bactĂ©rienne au CHU de Rouen. Le germe en cause, la mortalitĂ©, les sĂ©quelles neurologiques et auditives ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©pertoriĂ©es, ainsi que les donnĂ©es du suivi pĂ©diatrique et audiologique. RĂ©sultats : Nous avons retrouvĂ© 4,1% de surditĂ©s post-mĂ©ningitiques (10 enfants). Celles-ci Ă©taient dues au Pneumocoque dans 60% des cas et au MĂ©ningocoque B dans 40% des cas (55% de surditĂ©s sĂ©vĂšres Ă  profondes, et 45% de surditĂ©s lĂ©gĂšres et moyennes). Le premier test auditif Ă©tait rĂ©alisĂ© vers 21 jours et durait 7,8 mois (mĂ©dianes). Le nombre total de suivi sur 18 mois concernait 17,6% des enfants. Le taux de mortalitĂ© dans notre cohorte Ă©tait de 11,4%. Les sĂ©quelles neurologiques initiales ont concernĂ© 27,6% des enfants, environ 4% des enfants conservent des sĂ©quelles neurologiques majeures. La rĂ©gion Haute-Normandie prĂ©sente un profil particulier, nous observons des mĂ©ningites Ă  MĂ©ningocoque dans 54,7% des cas (41,6% de MĂ©ningocoque B), Ă  Pneumocoque (17,4%), Ă  Streptocoque B (11,1%) et Ă  Escherichia coli (4,1%). Les foyers de MĂ©ningocoque B se situent dans la rĂ©gion de Dieppe et de Rouen. Conclusion : La surditĂ© post-mĂ©ningitique peut s'installer trĂšs rapidement aprĂšs l'Ă©pisode mĂ©ningĂ©, ou de façon retardĂ©e. Il est primordial de bien suivre ces enfants pendant au moins 18 mois Ă  intervalle rĂ©gulier. En effet, ils peuvent bĂ©nĂ©ficier d'une rĂ©habilitation auditive efficace par implantation cochlĂ©aire en cas de cophose. De mĂȘme, le suivi pĂ©diatrique est tout aussi important, permettant de diagnostiquer et de prendre en charge prĂ©cocement les sĂ©quelles neurologiques

    Role de la protéine ADAMTS 4 sur la repousse nerveuse centrale induite par les cellules gliales olfactives in vivo chez la souris.

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    A spinal cord injury (SCI) induces a permanent sensorimotor impairment below the injury level. To date, a wide variety of cells have been used as biotherapy to treat spinal cord injuries in different animal models. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are one of the most promising. Indeed, OECs have been shown to improve recovery in many animal studies, as well as in patients (Phase I/IIa trials). However, it has been reported that the level of recovery significantly varies among patients. Therefore, it is essential to improve the regenerative efficiency of OECs. Recently, inhibition of the expression of ADAMTS 4 (a metalloprotease known to bind and degrade chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans) in glial cells in vitro has been shown to increase their synthesis of neurotrophic factors. In our team, we have already demonstrated that OECs produce ADAMTS 4 in vitro. We hypthesized that the expression of neurotrophic factors secreted by OECs can be increased by the suppression of ADAMTS 4. We studied their regenerative potential after spinal cord injury in mice. Our results show that ADAMTS 4/KO bulb primary OECs cultures upregulate their trophic factors’ expression in vitro, and that transplanting these same cells into a severe SCI increases functional recovery and tissue repair in vivo.Une lĂ©sion de la moelle Ă©piniĂšre induit une perte sensorimotrice permanente en sous-lĂ©sionnel. A ce jour, une grande variĂ©tĂ© de cellules a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e comme biothĂ©rapie pour soigner les lĂ©sions mĂ©dullaires dans diffĂ©rents modĂšles animaux. Les cellules gliales olfactives (CGO) sont l’une des plus prometteuses. En effet, il a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©montrĂ© que les CGO amĂ©liorent la rĂ©cupĂ©ration dans de nombreuses Ă©tudes sur les animaux, ainsi que sur des patients (essais de Phase I/Iia). Cependant, il a Ă©tĂ© rapportĂ© que le niveau de rĂ©cupĂ©ration varie significativement selon les patients. Par consĂ©quent, il est primordial d’amĂ©liorer l’efficacitĂ© des CGO. RĂ©cemment, il a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©montrĂ© que l’inhibition de l’expression d’ADAMTS 4 (une mĂ©talloprotĂ©ase connue pour lier et dĂ©grader les chondrointin sulfate proteoglycans) dans les cellules gliales in vitro augmente leur synthĂšse de facteurs neurotrophiques. Dans notre Ă©quipe, nous avons dĂ©jĂ  dĂ©montrĂ© que les CGO produisent ADAMTS 4 in vitro. Nous avons Ă©mis l’hypothĂšse que l’expression des facteurs neurotrophiques sĂ©crĂ©tĂ©s par les CGO peut ĂȘtre augmentĂ©e par la suppression d’ADAMTS 4. Nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© leur potentiel de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration aprĂšs une lĂ©sion mĂ©dullaire sur un modĂšle murin. Nos rĂ©sultats montrent que les cultures primaires de CGO bulbaires ADAMTS 4 KO rĂ©gulent Ă  la hausse leur expression de facteurs trophiques in vitro, et que la transplantation de ces mĂȘmes cellules dans un modĂšle de lĂ©sion spinale sĂ©vĂšre augmente la rĂ©cupĂ©ration fonctionnelle et la rĂ©paration tissulaire in vivo. Au total, notre Ă©tude rĂ©vĂšle, pour la premiĂšre fois, que la greffe de cultures primaires de CGO bulbaires peut ĂȘtre potentialisĂ©e par une inhibition de l’expression d’ADAMTS

    Role of ADAMTS 4 protein on central nervous regrowth induced by olfactory ensheathing in vivo in mice

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    Une lĂ©sion de la moelle Ă©piniĂšre induit une perte sensorimotrice permanente en sous-lĂ©sionnel. A ce jour, une grande variĂ©tĂ© de cellules a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e comme biothĂ©rapie pour soigner les lĂ©sions mĂ©dullaires dans diffĂ©rents modĂšles animaux. Les cellules gliales olfactives (CGO) sont l’une des plus prometteuses. En effet, il a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©montrĂ© que les CGO amĂ©liorent la rĂ©cupĂ©ration dans de nombreuses Ă©tudes sur les animaux, ainsi que sur des patients (essais de Phase I/Iia). Cependant, il a Ă©tĂ© rapportĂ© que le niveau de rĂ©cupĂ©ration varie significativement selon les patients. Par consĂ©quent, il est primordial d’amĂ©liorer l’efficacitĂ© des CGO. RĂ©cemment, il a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©montrĂ© que l’inhibition de l’expression d’ADAMTS 4 (une mĂ©talloprotĂ©ase connue pour lier et dĂ©grader les chondrointin sulfate proteoglycans) dans les cellules gliales in vitro augmente leur synthĂšse de facteurs neurotrophiques. Dans notre Ă©quipe, nous avons dĂ©jĂ  dĂ©montrĂ© que les CGO produisent ADAMTS 4 in vitro. Nous avons Ă©mis l’hypothĂšse que l’expression des facteurs neurotrophiques sĂ©crĂ©tĂ©s par les CGO peut ĂȘtre augmentĂ©e par la suppression d’ADAMTS 4. Nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© leur potentiel de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration aprĂšs une lĂ©sion mĂ©dullaire sur un modĂšle murin. Nos rĂ©sultats montrent que les cultures primaires de CGO bulbaires ADAMTS 4 KO rĂ©gulent Ă  la hausse leur expression de facteurs trophiques in vitro, et que la transplantation de ces mĂȘmes cellules dans un modĂšle de lĂ©sion spinale sĂ©vĂšre augmente la rĂ©cupĂ©ration fonctionnelle et la rĂ©paration tissulaire in vivo. Au total, notre Ă©tude rĂ©vĂšle, pour la premiĂšre fois, que la greffe de cultures primaires de CGO bulbaires peut ĂȘtre potentialisĂ©e par une inhibition de l’expression d’ADAMTS 4A spinal cord injury (SCI) induces a permanent sensorimotor impairment below the injury level. To date, a wide variety of cells have been used as biotherapy to treat spinal cord injuries in different animal models. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are one of the most promising. Indeed, OECs have been shown to improve recovery in many animal studies, as well as in patients (Phase I/IIa trials). However, it has been reported that the level of recovery significantly varies among patients. Therefore, it is essential to improve the regenerative efficiency of OECs. Recently, inhibition of the expression of ADAMTS 4 (a metalloprotease known to bind and degrade chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans) in glial cells in vitro has been shown to increase their synthesis of neurotrophic factors. In our team, we have already demonstrated that OECs produce ADAMTS 4 in vitro. We hypthesized that the expression of neurotrophic factors secreted by OECs can be increased by the suppression of ADAMTS 4. We studied their regenerative potential after spinal cord injury in mice. Our results show that ADAMTS 4/KO bulb primary OECs cultures upregulate their trophic factors’ expression in vitro, and that transplanting these same cells into a severe SCI increases functional recovery and tissue repair in vivo

    Les débuts d'une revue néo-salafiste : Muhibb al-Dßn al-Khatßb et Al-Fath de 1926 à 19281

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    Al-Fath, the Egyptian reformist weekly, was established in 1926 in Cairo and it appeared regularly until just after the Second World War. This journal was established by Muhibb al-Dßn al-Khatßb (1886-1969), a Syrian who lived in Cairo. Al-Fath is above all a religious journal whose aim is to defend Islam on all fronts : it is presented as an Islamic, scientific and moral journal whose mission is to fill the gap in the Egyptian press, monopolised by the liberal press published by Syrians living in Cairo. The journal meticulously lists all the signs of crisis in the threatened Islamic world : worry in face of increasing Westernisation in the Orient (tafarnuj), anguish and the scandalous feelings in relation to the secular reforms of Kemalist Turkey, worry about the proselyte presence of Christian missionaries in the Orient and the increasing atheism and positivism among Muslims. As for the feminine question, al-Fath is strongly against unveiling for women. In the assailed world depicted by al-Fath, the journal however signals a few rays of hope : the creation of Saudi Arabia as well as the creation of clubs and Islamic associations among which are the Muslim Youth and the Muslim Brotherhood which Khatßb supports

    L’observatoire de Juvisy-sur-Orge, l’« univers d’un chercheur » Ă  sauvegarder

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    In 1882, Camille Flammarion was given a property at Juvisy-sur-Orge by one of his admirers. He transformed the house into an astronomical observatory and installed what was for its day advanced scientific equipment. A large number of objects still survive there, bearing witness to astronomy and to its progress during the nineteenth century, and also to the careeer of a scientific figure. Today, apart from its dome, the building is in a poor state of repair and the collections are stored in outbuildings. The building, property of the Société astronomique de France (French Astronomical Society), requires considerable restoration work in order to be able to shelter the collection and bear witness anew to the world of this nineteenth-century researcher
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