NEUROMUSCULAR AND JOINT DYSFUNCTION OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT

Aim. To analyse the modern concepts of neuromuscular and joint dysfunction. The article presents the current notion of parafunctional violations of masticatory muscles associated with the loss of teeth, anomalies and deformations in the dento-facial system. We touched the issues of functional overload of periodontium on the background of muscle hypertrophy and related infringement of proprioceptive impulses, which are based on the change of coordination, rhythmic of chewing movements and kinetics of the temporomandibular joint

The Influence Of Avena Sativa Extract On Redox Processesand Fatty Acid Composition Of Lipids In Geese Tissues

The use of antioxidants in bird feeding helps to eliminate the harmful influence of negative factors of various etiologies. Feeding down the natural antioxidant additives has a number of advantages if compared with traditional synthetic additives. In the grass of common oat, in addition to known bioflavonoids, there were found more compound matters of phenol nature - avenantramids, which were characterized with 10-30 times higher antioxidant activity than other natural antioxidants. The purpose of this research was to find out the influence of the extract of common oat Avene Satíva on the state of the redox system and the fatty acid composition of the lipids of liver and heart tissues and skeletal muscle of the geese. In the day-old age, according to the principle of analogues, 2 groups of geese (control and experimental) were formed, each of them consisted of 26 birds. The aqueous solution of oat extract was added to the standard diet of the experimental group of geese from the 7th till the 56th day. This interval in the ontogenesis of geese includes periods of physiological stress due to the formation of a contour and juvenile feathers. The effectiveness of the Krebs cycle was evaluated by the activity of its dehydrogenases, antioxidant system was evaluated by the composition of the end products of lipids peroxide oxidation and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. At the same time, the fatty acid composition of lipids as a substrate of biological and peroxide oxidation was determined in these tissues. Coincidently, the live weight and the formation of the geese coat were controlled. It was established that oat extract stabilized the redox system of geese during the whole period of the experiment in all studied tissues. From the 28th day, the antioxidant activity of the tissues of liver and myocard of the experimental group of geese was significantly higher. At the end of the experiment, the unsaturation of fatty acids, which is defined as the total equivalent concentration of relatively multiple bonds, increased by 11.7% in the liver, by 7.22% - in the myocardium, due to the increase in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, primarily arachidonic (by 29.2% and 21.5% respectively), and in the liver the increase of docosahexaenoic acid was also observed (by 34.2%). The comparative analysis of the state of coat in the investigated groups of geese indicated the significant differences and confirms better results of the geese of the experimental groups. Thus, it is proposed to conduct similar research on wild species of birds, for which the state of feather coat plays a vital role

Metabolic reprogramming of mammary epithelial cells during TGF-beta-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

The cytokine transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) can induce normal breast epithelial cells to take on a mesenchymal phenotype, termed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). While the transcriptional and proteomic changes during TGF-beta-induced EMT have been described, the metabolic rewiring that occurs in epithelial cells undergoing EMT is not well understood. Here, we quantitively analyzed the TGF-beta-induced metabolic reprogramming during EMT of non-transformed NMuMG mouse mammary gland epithelial cells using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We found that TGF-beta elevates glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA)-cycle activity and increases glutaminolysis. Additionally, TGF-beta affects the hexosamine pathway, arginine-proline metabolism, the cellular redox state, and strongly affects choline metabolism during EMT. TGF-beta was found to induce phosphocholine production. A kinase inhibitor RSM-93A that inhibits choline kinase alpha (CHK alpha) mitigated TGF-beta-induced changes associated with EMT, i.e., increased filamentous (F)-actin stress fiber formation and N-Cadherin mesenchymal marker expression.Cancer Signaling networks and Molecular Therapeutic

Site-specific N-linked glycosylation analysis of human carcinoembryonic antigen by sheathless capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry

With 28 potential N-glycosylation sites, human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) bears an extreme amount of N-linked glycosylation, and approximately 60% of its molecular mass can be attributed to its carbohydrates. CEA is often overexpressed and released by many solid tumors, including colorectal carcinomas. CEA displays an impressive heterogeneity and variability in sugar content, however site-specific distribution of carbohydrate structures has not been reported so far. The present study investigated CEA samples purified from human colon carcinoma and human liver metastases and enabled the characterization of 21 out of 28 potential N-glycosylation sites with respect to their occupancy. The coverage was achieved by a multi-enzymatic digestion approach with specific enzymes, such as trypsin, endoproteinase Glu-C, and the non-specific enzyme, pronase, followed by analysis using sheathless CE-MS/MS. In total, 893 different N-glycopeptides and 128 unique N-glycan compositions were identified. Overall, a great heterogeneity was found both within (micro) and in between (macro) individual N-glycosylation sites. Moreover, notable differences were found on certain N-glycosylation sites between primary adenocarcinoma and metastatic tumor in regard to branching, bisection, sialylation and fucosylation. Those features, if further investigated in a targeted manner, may pave the way towards improved diagnostics and monitoring of colorectal cancer progression and recurrence. Raw mass spectrometric data and Skyline processed data files that support the findings of this study are available in the MassIVE repository with the identifier MSV000086774 [https://doi.org/doi:10.25345/C5Z50X]

Eurasian-Scale Experimental Satellite-based Quantum Key Distribution with Detector Efficiency Mismatch Analysis

The Micius satellite is the pioneering initiative to demonstrate quantum teleportation, entanglement distribution, quantum key distribution (QKD), and quantum-secured communications experiments at the global scale. In this work, we report on the results of the 600-mm-aperture ground station design which has enabled the establishment of a quantum-secured link between the Zvenigorod and Nanshan ground stations using the Micius satellite. As a result of a quantum communications session, an overall sifted key of 2.5 Mbits and a total final key length of 310 kbits have been obtained. We present an extension of the security analysis of the realization of satellite-based QKD decoy-state protocol by taking into account the effect of the detection-efficiency mismatch for four detectors. We also simulate the QKD protocol for the satellite passage and by that validate our semi-empirical model for a realistic receiver, which is in good agreement with the experimental data. Our results pave the way to the considerations of realistic imperfection of the QKD systems, which are important in the context of their practical security.Comment: 8+2 pages, 5+2 figure

Інтелектуальна система керування електропривода камери телевізійного спостереження

Інтелектуальна система керування електропривода камери телевізійного спостереження = The intelligent control system of the television camera's electric drive / Д. Ю. Шарейко, І. С. Білюк, А. М. Фоменко, О. В. Савченко, О. В. Майборода // Вісн. аграр. науки Причорномор'я. – Миколаїв : МДАУ, 2018. – № 4. – C. 128-133.Розглянуто тиристорний електропривод постійного струму, система керування в якому побудована на основі самонавчальної нейронної сітки. Використовуючи властивості нелінійності здійснено налаштування з покращенням швидкодійності та зменшенням помилки керування. Проведено дослідження та порівняльний аналіз інтелектуальної системи керування та лінійної системи керування електропривода постійного струму. Доведено перевагу інтелектуальної системи керування в електроприводі камери спостереження.The thyristor electric drive of a direct current, the control system in which is built on the basis of a self-learning neural network, is considered. Using the properties of nonlinearity, tuning is performed with improved performance and reduced control error. A study and comparative analysis of the intelligent control system and the linear control system of the electric drive of the direct current was carried out. The advantage of the intelligent control system in the electric drive of the surveillance camera has been proved.Рассмотрен тиристорный электропривод постоянного тока, система управления в котором построена на основе самообучающейся нейронной сети. Осуществлена настройка с использованием свойств нелинейности улучшением быстродействия и уменьшением ошибки управления. Проведено исследование и сравнительный анализ интеллектуальной системы управления и линейной системы управления электропривода постоянного тока. Доказано преимущество интеллектуальной системы управления в электроприводе камеры наблюдения

O-glycomic and proteomic signatures of spontaneous and butyrate-stimulated colorectal cancer cell line differentiation

Gut microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract provide health benefits to the human host via bacterial metabolites. Bacterial butyrate has beneficial effects on intestinal homeostasis and is the preferred energy source of intestinal epithelial cells, capable of inducing differentiation. It was previously observed that changes in the expression of specific proteins as well as protein glycosylation occur with differentiation. In this study, specific mucin O-glycans were identified that mark butyrate-induced epithelial differentiation of the intestinal cell line CaCo-2 (Cancer Coli-2), by applying porous graphitized carbon nano-liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, a quantitative proteomic approach was used to decipher changes in the cell proteome. It was found that the fully differentiated butyrate-stimulated cells are characterized by a higher expression of sialylated O-glycan structures, whereas fucosylation is downregulated with differentiation. By performing an integrative approach, we generated hypotheses about the origin of the observed O-glycome changes. These insights pave the way for future endeavors to study the dynamic O-glycosylation patterns in the gut, either produced via cellular biosynthesis or through the action of bacterial glycosidases as well as the functional role of these patterns in homeostasis and dysbiosis at the gut-microbiota interface

Neuronal Profilin Isoforms Are Addressed by Different Signalling Pathways

Profilins are prominent regulators of actin dynamics. While most mammalian cells express only one profilin, two isoforms, PFN1 and PFN2a are present in the CNS. To challenge the hypothesis that the expression of two profilin isoforms is linked to the complex shape of neurons and to the activity-dependent structural plasticity, we analysed how PFN1 and PFN2a respond to changes of neuronal activity. Simultaneous labelling of rodent embryonic neurons with isoform-specific monoclonal antibodies revealed both isoforms in the same synapse. Immunoelectron microscopy on brain sections demonstrated both profilins in synapses of the mature rodent cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. Both isoforms were significantly more abundant in postsynaptic than in presynaptic structures. Immunofluorescence showed PFN2a associated with gephyrin clusters of the postsynaptic active zone in inhibitory synapses of embryonic neurons. When cultures were stimulated in order to change their activity level, active synapses that were identified by the uptake of synaptotagmin antibodies, displayed significantly higher amounts of both isoforms than non-stimulated controls. Specific inhibition of NMDA receptors by the antagonist APV in cultured rat hippocampal neurons resulted in a decrease of PFN2a but left PFN1 unaffected. Stimulation by the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), on the other hand, led to a significant increase in both synaptic PFN1 and PFN2a. Analogous results were obtained for neuronal nuclei: both isoforms were localized in the same nucleus, and their levels rose significantly in response to KCl stimulation, whereas BDNF caused here a higher increase in PFN1 than in PFN2a. Our results strongly support the notion of an isoform specific role for profilins as regulators of actin dynamics in different signalling pathways, in excitatory as well as in inhibitory synapses. Furthermore, they suggest a functional role for both profilins in neuronal nuclei

OCCLUSAL INTERFERENCES AND NEUROMUSCULAR DYSFUNCTION

Aim. The article reflects modern representations of the influence of the traumatic occlusal factor in the pathogenesis of the dynamics of dysfunction of the masticatory musculature, TMJ and inflammatory processes in the periodontium. The main attention is paid to the influence of occlusal factors in the dynamics of the pathological process on the function of the masticatory muscles and the TMJ, and the role of traumatic occlusion on the state of the morphological formations of the periodontium. The enzymatic systems of neutrophil granulocytes and oxidoreductase are important in the disturbance of oxidation-reduction processes, which, in turn, contributes to the growth of intracellular hypoxia with the intensification of destructive processes in the alveolar part of the jaws. To develop a harmonious occlusion, further complex studies of the dentofacial system are needed. Conclusion. The dentofacial system functions on the basis of the complex interaction of the masticatory apparatus which is coordinated by the system of a trigeminal nerve with all its structural components. The complexity of diagnosis and therapy of neuromuscular and articulatory-occlusive syndromes is associated with various concepts about the etiology and pathogenesis of these disorders against the background of a similar clinical picture of their various forms and inadequate methods of treatment

Effect of mexidol on the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity of saliva in patients with periodontitis at the background of hypothyroidism

A comparative analysis was carried out concerning the state of the system «lipid peroxidation - antioxidant protection» (POL-AOP) in mixed saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis of mild (n = 22), moderate (n = 20) and severe (n = 18) form at the background of hypothyroidism. As a result of the research it was found that at the background of hypothyroidism there develops an imbalance in the work of all parts of the local system of nonspecific defense of the body, especially at severe periodontitis. And reduction of key enzymes of the antiradical protection (superoxide dismutase and catalase) in mixed saliva is the leading biochemical change that is accompanied by increased inflammation in the periodontium. It is shown that the adaptation increase and AOP therapeutic effect in the shortest term after the use of mexidol is manifested by reducing lipid peroxidation processes, especially in patients with mild periodontitis. Effectiveness of the treatment of moderate and severe periodontitis using mexidol was significantly lower, in comparative aspect