Avaliação da infestação natural de pragas das folhas em cultivares de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)

Damage caused by leaf pests of soybean on five cultivars was evaluated. Afield experiment was carried out at the Piracicaba region, cultivars Davis, IAC 73-228, PI 227.687,PI 171.451, and PI 229.358 having been compared. Leaf damage was produced by natural infestation of Anticarsia gemmatalis and Plusia sp. Cultivar PI 171.451 showed lower comsumption of leaves in relation to control ('Davis') and other cultivars. Damage was more serious on IAC 73-228 than on PI 227.687 and PI 229.358.Realizou-se o plantio dos cultivares de soja Davis, IAC 73-228, PI 237.687, PI 171.451 e PI 229.359 em condições de campo na região de Piracicaba, visando avaliar os danos causados pelos insetos-pragas que atacam a soja. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com 8 repetições, efetuando-se a comparação de médias pelo teste Tukey e calculando-se a diferença mínima significativa ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Estudaram-se os insetos que atacam a folhagem, verificando-se a presença de Plusia sp. e Anticarsia gemmatalis, sendo que esta última mostrou-se predominante. A atribuição de valores numéricos correspondentes a intensidade de danos na folhagem demonstrou que o cultivar PI 171.451 apresentou desempenho superior aos demais, inclusive ao controle ('Davis'). Os cultivares PI 227.687 e PI 229.358 mostraram-se superiores a IAC 73-228 mas não diferiram do controle. O grau de desfolhamento revelou-se mais altonocultivar IAC 73-228

Spin glass systems as collective active inference

An open question in the study of emergent behaviour in multi-agent Bayesian systems is the relationship, if any, between individual and collective inference. In this paper we explore the correspondence between generative models that exist at two distinct scales, using spin glass models as a sandbox system to investigate this question. We show that the collective dynamics of a specific type of active inference agent is equivalent to sampling from the stationary distribution of a spin glass system. A collective of specifically-designed active inference agents can thus be described as implementing a form of sampling-based inference (namely, from a Boltzmann machine) at the higher level. However, this equivalence is very fragile, breaking upon simple modifications to the generative models of the individual agents or the nature of their interactions. We discuss the implications of this correspondence and its fragility for the study of multiscale systems composed of Bayesian agents.Comment: Accepted for publication: 3rd International Workshop on Active Inferenc

La formation de l’ergothérapeute : un processus continu

La compétence de l'ergothérapeute en santé mentale se prépare par une formation de généralise acquise durant le premier cycle universitaire. Pusieurs moyens de formation sont évoqués, tant dans les études de base que dans la formation continue professionnelle, personnelle et académique. L'auteur aborde également la question du partage de la responsabilité de la formation continue.The competence of an occupational therapist in mental health is built on a generalist training acquired in a first university cycle. Several training techniques are described both in the basic studies and in the continuing professional, personal and academic training. The author also broaches the question of the sharing of the responsibility in the on going training

Serum Soluble Vascular-Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in Patients with Acute and Chronic Liver Diseases

Our ai m was to ascertai n the degree of variation of serum soluble vascular cell adhesion moleculeI (VCAM-1) concentrations according to the nature and the severity of an underl ying liver disease . One-hundred forty sera collected from 123 patients (83 male, 40 female) with acute hepatitis (n=14). mi Id chronic Ii ver disease (n=52) or cirrhosis (n=57) of different etiologies as well as from 17 healthy blood donors (8 male, 9 female) were studied. Soluble VCAM-I concentration was measured immunoenzymatically. One-way analysis of variance revealed a significant variability of the mean values of soluble VCAM-1 among groups (F=80.02, p <0.000 I). All groups of patients had higher soluble VCAM-I than controls; moreover, patients with acute hepatitis and patients with cirrhosis had higher soluble VCAM-1 levels than patients with mild chronic liver disease (Bonferroni's test. p <0.(1). These results did not change after stratification of patients according to the etiology (viral or toxic) of liver disease (two-way analysis of variance: grouping factor diagnosis, F=60.39, p <0.000 I; grouping factor etiology. F= 1.73, p NS). Cholinesterase, total bilirubin, circulating thrombocytes and blood urea nitrogen were the independent predictors of the concentration of soluble VCAM-1. In conclusion, patients with liver disease have high serum soluble VCAM-1, which seems to reflect more the severity of impairment of liver function rather than the etiologic nature of the disease

Intoxicação natural e experimental de equinos por Leucaena leucocephala

Tese (doutorado) — Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Animal, 2016.Leucaena leucocephala (leucena) é uma leguminosa de alta qualidade e importância forrageira para a produção animal nos trópicos, apesar da presença do princípio tóxico mimosina nas folhas. Este aminoácido não-protéico tóxico tem o potencial de causar alopecia, emagrecimento, infertilidade, hiperplasia tireoidiana, hipotireoidismo e morte. Sua ação tóxica é descrita desde a década de 50, principalmente em ruminantes, e em 1980, a bactéria ruminal Synergistes jonesii foi descoberta e posteriormente distribuída em alguns países como um inóculo oral para superar esses efeitos tóxicos. No entanto, nos últimos tempos, uma série de fatores, incluindo: inquéritos sobre o estado da toxicidade em todo o mundo; melhor compreensão da química; modo de ação das toxinas; taxonomia e ecologia do filo de Synergistes; melhores métodos de inoculação e melhores soluções de manejo, além de atividades de extensão de conscientização têm elucidado dúvidas sobre ocorrência e importância da toxicidade em muitos países do mundo. Pesquisas em andamento são vitais para o sucesso futuro dos sistemas de alimentação de leucena. Este trabalho investigou as principais alterações clínicas e dermatopatológicas de equinos intoxicados natural e experimentalmente por Leucaena leucocephala. Os surtos ocorreram nos estados de SP e GO, onde seis cavalos após a ingestão de casca e/ ou folhas da planta apresentaram alopecia, principalmente na crina e cauda. Nesses animais o diagnóstico foi baseado na observação da ingestão da planta e dos sinais clínicos. Oito animais foram intoxicados experimentalmente, e neles foram realizados exames clínico, biópsias da pele das regiões de crina, dorso e cauda e feita a dosagem sérica de tri-iodotironina (T3) e tiroxina (T4). Alopecia da crina e cauda foi o principal sinal clínico observado, acompanhado de anorexia, emagrecimento e apatia em todos os animais. Os níveis de T3 e T4 total apresentaram queda significativa (p ≤ 0,05) na terceira semana de ingestão da leucena quando comparado aos níveis basais. As alterações histológicas observadas nas biópsias de pele demonstram acentuada telogenização dos folículos pilosos ao final dos experimentos. Os achados clínico-patológicos em equinos intoxicados são semelhantes aos observados em ruminantes. A intoxicação experimental de equinos pela planta evidenciou o acentuado declínio dos níveis dos hormônios tireoideanos, sugerindo efeito bociogênico da mimosina e seus compostos derivados, com hipotireoidismo transitório e alopecia devido à acentuada redução da atividade folicular.Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) is a high quality legumes and forage value for livestock production in the tropics, despite the presence of mimosine the leaves. This non-toxic amino acid protein has the potential to cause alopecia, weight loss, infertility, thyroid hyperplasia, hypothyroidism and death. Its toxic action is described since the 50s, especially in ruminants, and in 80s, ruminal bacteria Synergistes jonesii was discovered and subsequently distributed in some countries as an oral inoculum to overcome these toxic effects. However, in recent times, a number of factors, including: survey of the state of toxicity throughout the world; better understanding of chemistry; mode of action of toxins; taxonomy and ecology of synergistetes phylum; best inoculation methods and best management solutions, and awareness outreach activities have clarified doubts about the occurrence and importance of toxicity in many countries. Ongoing research is vital to the future success of leucaena supply systems. This paper investigated the main clinical changes of horses natural and experimentally intoxicated by Leucaena leucocephala. Outbreaks occurred in the SP and GO States, where six horses after eating bark and/ or leaves of the plant presented alopecia mainly in mane and tail. In these animals, the diagnosis was based on the observation of plant intake and clinical signs. Eight animals were experimentally intoxicated, clinical examination was performed and skin biopsies taken from mane, back and tail regions and triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) serum levels assayed. Alopecia in the mane and tail was the main clinical signs observed, accompanied by anorexia, weight loss and lethargy in all animals. T3 and total T4 showed significant decrease in the serum levels (p ≤ 0.05) in the third week of intake of leucaena compared to baseline levels. Marked telogenization of hair follicles at the end of the experiments were observed in skin biopsies. The clinical and pathological findings in intoxicated horses are similar to those observed in ruminant animals. Experimental poisoning of horses by the plant highlights the marked decline in levels of thyroid hormones, suggesting goitrogenic effect of mimosine and its derived compounds, with transient hypothyroidism and alopecia due to accentuated reduction in follicular activity

Average Cost and Marginal Cost Pricing in Marshall: Textual Analysis and Interpretation

This paper proposes a textual analysis of Marshall’s theory of firm pricing behavior under competitive conditions. It considers to what extent average cost and marginal cost pricing rules characterize Marshall’s competitive partial equilibrium, and it shows that the two rules differ for origins and can be reconciled only with great difficulty in a general equilibrium framework.Marshall, classical competition, perfect competition, marginal and average cost