25 research outputs found
Synergistic Activity of Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant and Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Fungal Origin Chitosan Against Phytopathogens
Phytopathogens pose severe implications in the quantity and quality of food production by instigating several diseases. Biocontrol strategies comprising the application of biomaterials have offered endless opportunities for sustainable agriculture. We explored multifarious potentials of rhamnolipid-BS (RH-BS: commercial), fungal chitosan (FCH), and FCH-derived nanoparticles (FCHNPs). The high-quality FCH was extracted from Cunninghamella echinulata NCIM 691 followed by the synthesis of FCHNPs. Both, FCH and FCHNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, DLS, zeta potential, FTIR, SEM, and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA). The commercial chitosan (CH) and synthesized chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs) were used along with test compounds (FCH and FCHNPs). SEM analysis revealed the spherical shape of the nanomaterials (CHNPs and FCHNPs). NTA provided high-resolution visual validation of particle size distribution for CHNPs (256.33 ± 18.80 nm) and FCHNPs (144.33 ± 10.20 nm). The antibacterial and antifungal assays conducted for RH-BS, FCH, and FCHNPs were supportive to propose their efficacies against phytopathogens. The lower MIC of RH-BS (256 μg/ml) was observed than that of FCH and FCHNPs (>1,024 μg/ml) against Xanthomonas campestris NCIM 5028, whereas a combination study of RH-BS with FCHNPs showed a reduction in MIC up to 128 and 4 μg/ml, respectively, indicating their synergistic activity. The other combination of RH-BS with FCH resulted in an additive effect reducing MIC up to 128 and 256 μg/ml, respectively. Microdilution plate assay conducted for three test compounds demonstrated inhibition of fungi, FI: Fusarium moniliforme ITCC 191, FII: Fusarium moniliforme ITCC 4432, and FIII: Fusarium graminearum ITCC 5334 (at 0.015% and 0.020% concentration). Furthermore, potency of test compounds performed through the in vitro model (poisoned food technique) displayed dose-dependent (0.005%, 0.010%, 0.015%, and 0.020% w/v) antifungal activity. Moreover, RH-BS and FCHNPs inhibited spore germination (61–90%) of the same fungi. Our efforts toward utilizing the combination of RH-BS with FCHNPs are significant to develop eco-friendly, low cytotoxic formulations in future
Dark Matter Search Results from the PICO-60C(3)F(8) Bubble Chamber
[EN] New results are reported from the operation of the PICO-60 dark matter detector, a bubble chamber filled with 52 kg of C3F8 located in the SNOLAB underground laboratory. As in previous PICO bubble chambers, PICO-60 C3F8 exhibits excellent electron recoil and alpha decay rejection, and the observed multiple-scattering neutron rate indicates a single-scatter neutron background of less than one event per month. A blind analysis of an efficiency-corrected 1167-kg day exposure at a 3.3-keV thermodynamic threshold reveals no single-scattering nuclear recoil candidates, consistent with the predicted background. These results set the most stringent direct-detection constraint to date on the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP)-proton spin-dependent cross section at 3.4 x 10(-41) cm(2) for a 30-GeVc(-2) WIMP, more than 1 order of magnitude improvement from previous PICO results.The PICO Collaboration wishes to thank SNOLAB and its staff for support through underground space, logistical, and technical services. SNOLAB operations are supported by the Canada Foundation for Innovation and the Province of Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, with underground access provided by Vale at the Creighton mine site. We are grateful to Kristian Hahn and Stanislava Sevova of Northwestern University and Bjorn Penning of the University of Bristol for their assistance and useful discussion. We wish to acknowledge the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) for funding. We acknowledge the support from National Science Foundation (NSF) (Grants No. 0919526, No. 1506337, No. 1242637, and No. 1205987). We acknowledge that this work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics (under Award No. DE-SC-0012161), by a DOE Office of Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) award, by Direccion General Asuntos del Personal Academico, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (DGAPA-UNAM) through the grant Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica (PAPIIT) No. IA100316 and by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) (Mexico) through Grant No. 252167, by the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), the Government of India, under the Center of AstroParticle Physics II project (CAPP-II) at Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics (SINP), by the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Grant No. LM2015072), and by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Consolider MultiDark (Grant No. CSD2009-00064). This work is partially supported by the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago through NSF Grant No. 1125897, and an endowment from the Kavli Foundation and its founder Fred Kavli. We also wish to acknowledge the support from Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359, and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, which is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. We also thank Compute Canada and the Center for Advanced Computing, ACENET, Calcul Quebec, Compute Ontario, and WestGrid for the computational support.Amole, C.; Ardid Ramírez, M.; Arnquist, I.; Asner, DM.; Baxter, D.; Behnke, E.; Bhattacharjee, P.... (2017). Dark Matter Search Results from the PICO-60C(3)F(8) Bubble Chamber. Physical Review Letters. 118(25). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.251301S11825Olive, K. A. (2014). Review of Particle Physics. Chinese Physics C, 38(9), 090001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/38/9/090001Komatsu, E., Dunkley, J., Nolta, M. R., Bennett, C. L., Gold, B., Hinshaw, G., … Wright, E. L. (2009). FIVE-YEAR
WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE
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New Journal of Physics, 10(10), 103017. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/10/10/103017Amole, C., Ardid, M., Asner, D. M., Baxter, D., Behnke, E., Bhattacharjee, P., … Broemmelsiek, D. (2015). Dark Matter Search Results from the PICO-2LC3F8Bubble Chamber. Physical Review Letters, 114(23). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.114.231302Amole, C., Ardid, M., Arnquist, I. J., Asner, D. M., Baxter, D., Behnke, E., … Brice, S. J. (2016). Improved dark matter search results from PICO-2L Run 2. Physical Review D, 93(6). doi:10.1103/physrevd.93.061101Amole, C., Ardid, M., Asner, D. M., Baxter, D., Behnke, E., Bhattacharjee, P., … Broemmelsiek, D. (2016). Dark matter search results from the PICO-60CF3Ibubble chamber. Physical Review D, 93(5). doi:10.1103/physrevd.93.052014Behnke, E., Behnke, J., Brice, S. J., Broemmelsiek, D., Collar, J. I., … Conner, A. (2012). First dark matter search results from a 4-kgCF3Ibubble chamber operated in a deep underground site. Physical Review D, 86(5). doi:10.1103/physrevd.86.052001Behnke, E., Behnke, J., Brice, S. J., Broemmelsiek, D., Collar, J. I., … Cooper, P. S. (2011). Improved Limits on Spin-Dependent WIMP-Proton Interactions from a Two LiterCF3IBubble Chamber. Physical Review Letters, 106(2). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.021303Archambault, S., Behnke, E., Bhattacharjee, P., Bhattacharya, S., Dai, X., Das, M., … Zacek, V. (2012). Constraints on low-mass WIMP interactions on 19F from PICASSO. Physics Letters B, 711(2), 153-161. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2012.03.078Behnke, E., Besnier, M., Bhattacharjee, P., Dai, X., Das, M., Davour, A., … Zacek, V. (2017). Final results of the PICASSO dark matter search experiment. Astroparticle Physics, 90, 85-92. doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2017.02.005Felizardo, M., Girard, T. A., Morlat, T., Fernandes, A. C., Ramos, A. R., Marques, J. G., … Marques, R. (2014). The SIMPLE Phase II dark matter search. 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Dark matter search results from the PICO-60 CF3I bubble chamber
New data are reported from the operation of the PICO-60 dark matter detector, a bubble chamber filled with 36.8 kg of CF3I and located in the SNOLAB underground laboratory. PICO-60 is the largest bubble chamber to search for dark matter to date. With an analyzed exposure of 92.8 livedays, PICO-60 exhibits the same excellent background rejection observed in smaller bubble chambers. Alpha decays in PICO-60 exhibit frequency-dependent acoustic calorimetry, similar but not identical to that reported recently in a C3F8 bubble chamber. PICO-60 also observes a large population of unknown background events, exhibiting acoustic, spatial, and timing behaviors inconsistent with those expected from a dark matter signal. These behaviors allow for analysis cuts to remove all background events while retaining 48.2% of the exposure. Stringent limits on weakly interacting massive particles interacting via spin-dependent proton and spin-independent processes are set, and most interpretations of the DAMA/LIBRA modulation signal as dark matter interacting with iodine nuclei are ruled out.The PICO Collaboration would like to thank SNOLAB and its staff for providing an exceptional underground laboratory space and invaluable technical support. We acknowledge technical assistance from Fermilab's Computing, Particle Physics, and Accelerator Divisions and from A. Behnke at IUSB. We thank V. Gluscevic and S. McDermott for useful conversations and their assistance with the DMDD code package. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics under Award No. DE-SC-0012161. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359. Part of the research described in this paper was conducted under the Ultra Sensitive Nuclear Measurements Initiative at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy. We acknowledge the National Science Foundation for their support including Grants No. PHY-1242637, No. PHY-0919526, and No. PHY-1205987. We acknowledge the support of the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI). We thank the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago. We were also supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Consolider MultiDark CSD2009-00064 Grant. We thank the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Government of India, under the project CAPP-II at SINP, Kolkata. We acknowledge the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Grant No. LM2011027.Amole, C.; Ardid Ramírez, M.; Asner, DM.; Baxter, D.; Behnke, E.; Bhattacharjee, P.; Borsodi, H.... (2016). Dark matter search results from the PICO-60 CF3I bubble chamber. Physical Review D. 93(5):1-14. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.93.052014S114935Komatsu, E., Dunkley, J., Nolta, M. R., Bennett, C. L., Gold, B., Hinshaw, G., … Wright, E. L. (2009). FIVE-YEARWILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBEOBSERVATIONS: COSMOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 180(2), 330-376. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/180/2/330Jungman, G., Kamionkowski, M., & Griest, K. (1996). Supersymmetric dark matter. Physics Reports, 267(5-6), 195-373. doi:10.1016/0370-1573(95)00058-5Bertone, G., Hooper, D., & Silk, J. (2005). Particle dark matter: evidence, candidates and constraints. Physics Reports, 405(5-6), 279-390. doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2004.08.031Feng, J. L. (2010). 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(2011). Improved Limits on Spin-Dependent WIMP-Proton Interactions from a Two LiterCF3IBubble Chamber. Physical Review Letters, 106(2). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.021303Behnke, E., Behnke, J., Brice, S. J., Broemmelsiek, D., Collar, J. I., … Conner, A. (2012). First dark matter search results from a 4-kgCF3Ibubble chamber operated in a deep underground site. Physical Review D, 86(5). doi:10.1103/physrevd.86.052001Archambault, S., Aubin, F., Auger, M., Behnke, E., Beltran, B., Clark, K., … Zacek, V. (2009). Dark matter spin-dependent limits for WIMP interactions on 19F by PICASSO. Physics Letters B, 682(2), 185-192. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2009.11.019Archambault, S., Behnke, E., Bhattacharjee, P., Bhattacharya, S., Dai, X., Das, M., … Zacek, V. (2012). Constraints on low-mass WIMP interactions on 19F from PICASSO. Physics Letters B, 711(2), 153-161. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2012.03.078Felizardo, M., Girard, T. A., Morlat, T., Fernandes, A. C., Ramos, A. R., Marques, J. G., … Marques, R. 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Effect of nuclear response functions in dark matter direct detection. Physical Review D, 89(12). doi:10.1103/physrevd.89.123521Gluscevic, V., Gresham, M. I., McDermott, S. D., Peter, A. H. G., & Zurek, K. M. (2015). Identifying the theory of dark matter with direct detection. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2015(12), 057-057. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2015/12/057Akerib, D. S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Bedikian, S., … Bradley, A. (2014). First Results from the LUX Dark Matter Experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. Physical Review Letters, 112(9). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.112.091303Aprile, E., Alfonsi, M., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Balan, C., Baudis, L., … Bokeloh, K. (2012). Dark Matter Results from 225 Live Days of XENON100 Data. Physical Review Letters, 109(18). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.109.181301Agnese, R., Anderson, A. J., Asai, M., Balakishiyeva, D., Barker, D., Basu Thakur, R., … Bowles, M. A. (2015). Improved WIMP-search reach of the CDMS II germanium data. Physical Review D, 92(7). doi:10.1103/physrevd.92.072003Aprile, E., Alfonsi, M., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Balan, C., Baudis, L., … Bokeloh, K. (2013). Limits on Spin-Dependent WIMP-Nucleon Cross Sections from 225 Live Days of XENON100 Data. Physical Review Letters, 111(2). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.021301Aartsen, M. G., Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., … Bai, X. (2013). Search for Dark Matter Annihilations in the Sun with the 79-String IceCube Detector. Physical Review Letters, 110(13). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.110.131302Tanaka, T., Abe, K., Hayato, Y., Iida, T., Kameda, J., Koshio, Y., … Nakahata, M. (2011). AN INDIRECT SEARCH FOR WEAKLY INTERACTING MASSIVE PARTICLES IN THE SUN USING 3109.6 DAYS OF UPWARD-GOING MUONS IN SUPER-KAMIOKANDE. The Astrophysical Journal, 742(2), 78. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/742/2/78Choi, K., Abe, K., Haga, Y., Hayato, Y., Iyogi, K., Kameda, J., … Nakahata, M. (2015). Search for Neutrinos from Annihilation of Captured Low-Mass Dark Matter Particles in the Sun by Super-Kamiokande. Physical Review Letters, 114(14). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.114.141301Khachatryan, V., Sirunyan, A. M., Tumasyan, A., Adam, W., Bergauer, T., Dragicevic, M., … Frühwirth, R. (2015). Search for dark matter, extra dimensions, and unparticles in monojet events in proton–proton collisions at s = 8 TeV. The European Physical Journal C, 75(5). doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3451-4First results on dark matter annihilation in the Sun using the ANTARES neutrino telescope. (2013). Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2013(11), 032-032. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2013/11/032Demidov, S., & Suvorova, O. (2010). Annihilation of NMSSM neutralinos in the Sun and neutrino telescope limits. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2010(06), 018-018. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2010/06/018Avrorin, A. D., Avrorin, A. V., Aynutdinov, V. M., Bannasch, R., Belolaptikov, I. A., Bogorodsky, D. Y., … Demidov, S. V. (2015). Search for neutrino emission from relic dark matter in the sun with the Baikal NT200 detector. Astroparticle Physics, 62, 12-20. doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2014.07.006Busoni, G., De Simone, A., Morgante, E., & Riotto, A. (2014). On the validity of the effective field theory for dark matter searches at the LHC. Physics Letters B, 728, 412-421. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2013.11.069Buchmueller, O., Dolan, M. J., & McCabe, C. (2014). Beyond effective field theory for dark matter searches at the LHC. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2014(1). doi:10.1007/jhep01(2014)025Aad, G., Abbott, B., Abdallah, J., Abdel Khalek, S., Abdinov, O., … AbouZeid, O. S. (2015). Search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector. The European Physical Journal C, 75(7). doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3517-3Aad, G., Abbott, B., Abdallah, J., Abdel Khalek, S., Abdinov, O., … AbouZeid, O. S. (2015). Search for dark matter in events with heavy quarks and missing transverse momentum in p p collisions with the ATLAS detector. The European Physical Journal C, 75(2). doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3306-zRoszkowski, L., Austri, R. R. de, & Trotta, R. (2007). Implications for the Constrained MSSM from a new prediction forb→sγ. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2007(07), 075-075. doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2007/07/075Bernabei, R., Belli, P., Cappella, F., Caracciolo, V., Castellano, S., Cerulli, R., … Ye, Z. P. (2013). Final model independent result of DAMA/LIBRA–phase1. The European Physical Journal C, 73(12). doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2648-7Chang, S., Weiner, N., & Yavin, I. (2010). Magnetic inelastic dark matter. Physical Review D, 82(12). doi:10.1103/physrevd.82.125011Barello, G., Chang, S., & Newby, C. A. (2014). A model independent approach to inelastic dark matter scattering. Physical Review D, 90(9). doi:10.1103/physrevd.90.094027Kim, S. C., Bhang, H., Choi, J. H., Kang, W. 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Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2010(11), 019-019. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2010/11/019BERNABEI, R., BELLI, P., d’ ANGELO, S., DI MARCO, A., MONTECCHIA, F., CAPPELLA, F., … YE, Z. P. (2013). DARK MATTER INVESTIGATION BY DAMA AT GRAN SASSO. International Journal of Modern Physics A, 28(16), 1330022. doi:10.1142/s0217751x1330022
Improved dark matter search results from PICO-2L Run 2
New data are reported from a second run of the 2-liter PICO-2L C3F8 bubble chamber with a total exposure of 129 kg-days at a thermodynamic threshold energy of 3.3 keV. These data show that measures taken to control particulate contamination in the superheated fluid resulted in the absence of the anomalous background events observed in the first run of this bubble chamber. One single nuclear-recoil event was observed in the data, consistent both with the predicted background rate from neutrons and with the observed rate of unambiguous multiple-bubble neutron scattering events. The chamber exhibits the same excellent electron-recoil and alpha decay rejection as was previously reported. These data provide the most stringent direct detection constraints on weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP)-proton spin-dependent scattering to date for WIMP masses < 50 GeV/c(2).The PICO Collaboration thanks SNOLAB for their exceptional laboratory space and technical support. We also thank Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359) and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for their support. This work is supported by the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), the National Science Foundation (NSF) under the Grants No. PHY-1242637, No. PHY-0919526, No. PHY-1205987, and No. PHY-1506377 and by the U.S. Department of Energy under Award No. DE-SC-0012161. We also acknowledge the support of Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Government of India, under the Center of AstroParticle Physics II project (CAPP-II) at Saha Institute of Physics (SINP); the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Grant No. LM2011027); the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Consolider MultiDark (Grant No. CSD2009-00064) and DGAPA-UNAM through grant PAPIIT No. IA100316.Amole, C.; Ardid Ramírez, M.; Arnquist, I.; Asner, DM.; Baxter, D.; Behnke, E.; Bhattacharjee, P.... (2016). Improved dark matter search results from PICO-2L Run 2. Physical Review D. 93(6):1-5. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.93.061101S1593
Dark Matter Search Results from the PICO-2L C3F8 Bubble Chamber
New data are reported from the operation of a 2 liter C3F8 bubble chamber in the SNOLAB underground laboratory, with a total exposure of 211.5 kg days at four different energy thresholds below 10 keV. These data show that C3F8 provides excellent electron-recoil and alpha rejection capabilities at very low thresholds. The chamber exhibits an electron-recoil sensitivity of 98.2%. These data also include the first observation of a dependence of acoustic signal on alpha energy. Twelve single nuclear recoil event candidates were observed during the run. The candidate events exhibit timing characteristics that are not consistent with the hypothesis of a uniform time distribution, and no evidence for a dark matter signal is claimed. These data provide the most sensitive direct detection constraints on WIMP-proton spin-dependent scattering to date, with significant sensitivity at low WIMP masses for spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering.The PICO Collaboration would like to thank SNOLAB and its staff for providing an exceptional underground laboratory space and invaluable technical support. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics under award DE-SC-0012161. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359. Part of the research described in this paper was conducted under the Ultra Sensitive Nuclear Measurements Initiative at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy. We acknowledge the National Science Foundation for their support including Grants No. PHY-1242637, No. PHY-0919526, and No. PHY-1205987. We acknowledge the support of the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI). We also acknowledge support from the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago. We acknowledge the financial support of the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Consolider MultiDark CSD2009-00064 Grant. We acknowledge support from the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Government of India, under the Center for AstroParticle Physics II project (CAPP-II) at Saha Insititute of Nuclear Physics (SINP), Kolkata. We acknowledge the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Grant No. LM2011027. We acknowledge technical assistance from Fermilab's Computing, Particle Physics, and Accelerator Divisions, and from A. Behnke at IUSB.Amole, C.; Ardid Ramírez, M.; Asner, DM.; Baxter, D.; Behnke, E.; Bhattacharjee, P.; Borsodi, H.... (2015). Dark Matter Search Results from the PICO-2L C3F8 Bubble Chamber. Physical Review Letters. 114(2313):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.231302S161142313Komatsu, E., Dunkley, J., Nolta, M. R., Bennett, C. L., Gold, B., Hinshaw, G., … Wright, E. L. (2009). FIVE-YEARWILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBEOBSERVATIONS: COSMOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 180(2), 330-376. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/180/2/330Jungman, G., Kamionkowski, M., & Griest, K. (1996). Supersymmetric dark matter. Physics Reports, 267(5-6), 195-373. doi:10.1016/0370-1573(95)00058-5Bertone, G., Hooper, D., & Silk, J. (2005). Particle dark matter: evidence, candidates and constraints. Physics Reports, 405(5-6), 279-390. doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2004.08.031Feng, J. L. (2010). Dark Matter Candidates from Particle Physics and Methods of Detection. 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編集後記
Adopting the Standard Halo Model (SHM) of an isotropic Maxwellian velocity
distribution for dark matter (DM) particles in the Galaxy, the most stringent
current constraints on their spin-dependent scattering cross-section with
nucleons come from the IceCube neutrino observatory and the PICO-60 CF
superheated bubble chamber experiments. The former is sensitive to high energy
neutrinos from the self-annihilation of DM particles captured in the Sun, while
the latter looks for nuclear recoil events from DM scattering off nucleons.
Although slower DM particles are more likely to be captured by the Sun, the
faster ones are more likely to be detected by PICO. Recent N-body simulations
suggest significant deviations from the SHM for the smooth halo component of
the DM, while observations hint at a dominant fraction of the local DM being in
substructures. We use the method of Ferrer et al. (2015) to exploit the
complementarity between the two approaches and derive conservative constraints
on DM-nucleon scattering. Our results constrain (6 ) at
C.L. for a DM particle of mass 1~TeV annihilating into () with a local density of . The constraints scale inversely with and are
independent of the DM velocity distribution.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. To appear in Eur.Phys.J.
Red blood cells as an efficient in vitro model for evaluating the efficacy of metallic nanoparticles
© 2019, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology. Blood and the linings of blood vessels may be regarded as a fifth tissue type. The human body contains 5 × 109 red blood cells (RBCs) per ml, a total of 2.5 × 1013 cells in the 5 l of blood present in the body. With an average lifetime of 125 days, human RBCs are destroyed by leukocytes in the spleen and liver. Nowadays red blood cells are extensively used to study various metabolic functions. Nanoparticles (NP) are being widely accepted for drug delivery system. This review summarizes the red blood cells, NPs and their characteristics on the basis of the RBC components along with drug delivery systems through RBCs. Further, we also discussed that how erythrocytes can be used as an efficient in vitro model for evaluating the efficacy of various nanocomposite materials
Ultrafast Anisotropic Optical Response and Coherent Acoustic Phonon Generation in Polycrystalline BaTiO3-BiFeO3
We optically study the as-yet little explored multiferroic material, BaTiO3-BiFeO3 (BTO-BFO), that has demonstrated enhanced magnetic properties, a higher DC resistance in comparison to BFO, and improved magnetoelectric coupling. Our studies include: ultrafast time resolved differential reflection, optically induced birefringence, and second-harmonic nano-imaging of the ferroic order. We observe a strong sensitivity to pump/probe polarizations, photo-induced ferroelectric poling on a picosecond timescale, as well as the generation of photo-induced coherent acoustic phonons with a frequency of ???11 GHz. The second-harmonic generation nano-imaging reveals disordered but distinct ferroelectric domain order, percolating even across grain boundaries in the poly-crystalline thin film
Nanoscale Texturing and Interfaces in Compositionally Modified Ca3Co4O9 with Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance
Room temperature ferromagnetic resonance in hetero-epitaxial BTO − BFO/LSMO magnetoelectric composite
We synthesized epitaxial BTO-BFO heterostructure with decreased leakage and simultaneously improved the multiferroic properties. This study provides new direction for ferromagnetic resonance studies, in high quality BTO-BFO films grown on LSMO. We observed small Gilbert damping (α=0.004) and the absence of large inhomogeneous broadening, in a film with 80 nm thickness of BTO-BFO on LSMO (110). This fact offers opportunities for employing this material system for spin transfer in multifunctional materials where controlling magnetization by a flow of spin angular momentum, or spin current, is crucial toward developing nanoscale spin-based memory and devices. Magnetic insulators, such as BTO-BFO on LSMO, are potentially excellent candidates for pure spin current without the existence of charge current