Human leukocyte antigens are associated with salivary level of active MMP-8

Objectives: This case control study examined the associations of HLA antigens and periodontitis with the salivary level of active MMP-8 (aMMP-8). Materials and Methods: A total of 202 subjects, registered as Swiss bone marrow donors, participated in the study. HLA-A, -B, and -C types were determined by serology or PCR. Saliva samples were collected from subjects, followed by a periodontal examination. The salivary level of aMMP-8 was determined with immunofluorometric assay. Results: The mean salivary level of aMMP-8 was directly comparable to the grade of periodontitis and increased from healthy to mild/moderate to severe (125.0 +/- 132.1, 200.6 +/- 170.2, 290.1 +/- 202.3 ng/ml; p < 0.001 between each group, respectively). The only association between the HLA types and the salivary level of aMMP-8 was observed in subjects with HLA-A11. Subjects with healthy periodontium and HLA-A11 had a lower level of aMMP-8 (49.2 +/- 32.5 ng/ml) compared with subjects without HLA-A11 (123.6 +/- 119.2; p = 0.048). Among subjects with periodontitis, a higher level of aMMP-8 (394.2 +/- 255.6 ng/ml) was observed in subjects with HLA-A11 compared with subjects without HLA-A11 (201.1 +/- 146.1 ng/ml; p < 0.002). This finding was statistically significant also after adjusting for sex, age, smoking, tooth brushing and the number of medications (p < 0.05). Conclusions: HLA-A11 is associated with the salivary level of aMMP-8 which contributes to the subject's immune and inflammatory response in periodontium.Peer reviewe

Anticancer Effects of Lingonberry and Bilberry on Digestive Tract Cancers

Wild berries are part of traditional Nordic diets and are a rich source of phytochemicals, such as polyphenols. Various berry treatments have shown to interfere with cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. Here, we systematically reviewed the anticancer effects of two Nordic wild berries of the Vaccinium genus, lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) and bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), on digestive tract cancers. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Searches included four databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CAB abstracts. Publications not written in English, case-reports, reviews, and conference abstracts were excluded. Moreover, studies with only indirect markers of cancer risk or studies with single compounds not derived from lingonberry or bilberry were not included. Meta-analysis was not performed. The majority (21/26) of studies investigated bilberry and colorectal cancer. Experimental studies on colorectal cancer indicated that bilberry inhibited intestinal tumor formation and cancer cell growth. One uncontrolled pilot human study supported the inhibitory potential of bilberry on colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Data from all 10 lingonberry studies suggests potent inhibition of cancer cell growth and tumor formation. In conclusion, in vitro and animal models support the antiproliferative and antitumor effects of various bilberry and lingonberry preparations on digestive tract cancers

Determinants of stimulated salivary flow among haematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients

The aetiology of hyposalivation in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients is not fully understood. This study examined the effects of treatment-related aetiological factors, particularly medications, on stimulated salivary flow in HSCT recipients. Adult HSCT recipients (N = 118, 66 males, 27 autologous and 91 allogeneic transplants) were examined. Stimulated whole salivary flow rates (SWSFR) were measured before HSCT and at 6 and 12 months post-HSCT. Linear regression models were used to analyse the associations of medications and transplant-related factors with salivary flow rates, which were compared to salivary flow rates of generally healthy controls (N = 247). The SWSFR of recipients were lower pre-HSCT (mean +/- standard deviation, 0.88 +/- 0.56 ml/min; P <0.001), 6 months post-HSCT (0.84 +/- 0.61; P <0.001) and 12 months post-HSCT (1.08 +/- 0.67; P = 0.005) than the SWSFR of controls (1.31 +/- 0.65). In addition, hyposalivation (<0.7 ml/min) was more frequent among HSCT recipients pre-HSCT (P <0.001), 6 months post-HSCT (P <0.001) and 12 months post-HSCT (P = 0.01) than among controls. The SWSFR was observed to improve over time being significantly higher 12 months post-HSCT compared to pre-HSCT (P <0.001). The observed decrease of salivary flow could not be explained by the examined transplant-related factors and medications. Decreased stimulated salivary flow rates could not be explained by the examined factors alone; these findings indicate that hyposalivation in HSCT recipients exhibits a multifactorial aetiology. All HSCT recipients should be considered to be at high risk of hyposalivation and consequent oral diseases, and they should be treated accordingly.Peer reviewe

Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Powder Has Anticarcinogenic Effects on Oral Carcinoma In Vitro and In Vivo

Previous studies indicate that bilberry with high amounts of phenolic compounds can inhibit carcinogenic processes of colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. However, no studies have focused on the effects of bilberry on oral cancer. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of bilberry powder on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells using both in vitro and in vivo assays. The effects of 0, 1, 10, and 25 mg/mL of whole bilberry powder on the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC (HSC-3) cells were examined and compared with 0.01 mg/mL of cetuximab. Two oral keratinocyte cell lines served as controls. Tumor area was analyzed in zebrafish microinjected with HSC-3 cells and treated with 2.5, 10, or 25 µg/mL of bilberry powder. Metastases in the head or tail areas were counted. Bilberry powder inhibited the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of HSC-3 cells (p < 0.05), which was more pronounced with higher concentrations. Cetuximab had no effect on HSC-3 cell migration or invasion. Compared to controls, the tumor area in zebrafish treated with bilberry powder (10 and 25 µg/mL) was reduced significantly (p = 0.038 and p = 0.021, respectively), but the number of fish with metastases did not differ between groups. Based on our in vitro and in vivo experiments, we conclude that whole bilberry powder has anti-tumor effects on OSCC cells

Dissociations of oral foci of infections with infectious complications and survival after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Introduction Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients are at increased risk for severe infections. This study examined the associations of common oral infections with survival and infectious complications in HSCT recipients. Materials and methods All autologous and allogeneic HSCT recipients transplanted in the University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland, between 2008 and 2016 and referred to oral infection control pre-HSCT were included in this retrospective case-control study. All patients had a clinical and a panoramic radiological dental examination taken immediately prior to HSCT. Presence of acute or chronic oral foci of infections, decayed, missing or filled tooth index (DMFT) and radiological attachment loss (RAL) were examined. Survival and infections of the subjects were followed up for 6 months post-HSCT. Results Altogether 341 allogeneic and 125 autologous HSCT recipients were included in the study. Within 6 months post-HSCT, 47 (14%) of the allogeneic and 4 (3%) of the autologous recipients died. Oral foci of infections (acute or chronic), DMFT or periodontitis pre-HSCT were not associated with survival 6 months post-HSCT. Oral foci of infections were also not associated with hospital treated infectious diseases or blood culture positive bacteremia during the 6 month follow-up period. Untreated oral foci of infections were not associated with survival or severe infectious complications within 6 months post-HSCT. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that radical dental interventions to chronic oral infections could be postponed until post-HSCT.Peer reviewe

Syöpäpotilaan suun ja hampaiston hoito

Vertaisarvioitu.Syöpähoitoa edeltävän suun tarkastuksen tavoite on ehkäistä infektiokomplikaatioita sekä parantaa suun terveydentilaa hoidon aikana ja sen jälkeen. Näyttö suun kroonisten infektiopesäkkeiden vaikutuksesta syöpähoidon ennusteeseen on vähäistä ja akuutit hammasperäiset infektiot hoidon aikana harvinaisia. Silti suun tarkastuksen sisällyttäminen hoitokokonaisuuteen heti diagnoosin jälkeen on suositeltavaa sairauden tai hoitojen takia suurentuneen infektioriskin vuoksi. Syöpähoitoja edeltävän hammashoidon tulee painottua sairautta ehkäiseviin toimenpiteisiin. Kroonisten infektiopesäkkeiden radikaaliin saneeraukseen on yleensä syytä suhtautua pidättyvästi. Suuhygienian omaehtoinen ja ammattimainen ylläpito hoidon aikana ja jälkeen on tärkeää, sillä kuiva suu, limakalvovauriot, karies sekä luustolääkkeiden ja sädehoidon aiheuttama kudosten heikentynyt paranemiskyky altistavat uusille suun sairauksille. Lisäksi ne vaikuttavat hoidosta toipumiseen ja elämänlaatuun.Peer reviewe

Suun mukosiitti

English summaryPeer reviewe

Associations of HLA-A, -B and-DRB1 Types with Oral Diseases in Swiss Adults

Peer reviewe

Conceptual changes in ameloblastoma : Suggested re-classification of a "veteran" tumor

Objectives: The merging of ameloblastoma (AM) with mural unicystic ameloblastoma (UAM-M) was suggested by the 2017 WHO based on similar treatment needs. In an international multicenter study, we investigated the characteristics of their merged product (merged-AM) and raised the possibility of unifying AM and UAM (total-AM). Materials and methods: AM and UAM (luminal/intraluminal/mural), separate and combined, were analyzed for demographic/clinical/radiological features. ANOVA and chi-square tests were followed by univariate and multivariate analyses, and significance was set at p .05). Conclusions: Merged-AM partially differed from AM, but differences appeared to diminish in an age/time-wise manner. Merged-AM and total-AM were nearly indistinguishable. Therefore, AM and UAM may be considered a continuous spectrum of one type of tumor, further necessitating revision of the treatment approaches.Peer reviewe

Active MMP-8 point-of-care (PoC)/chairside enzyme-test as an adjunctive tool for early and real-time diagnosis of peri-implantitis

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of the active matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP-8)-point-of-care (PoC) test as a quantitative real-time chair-side diagnostic tool for peri-implant diagnosis, as well as assess the potentially developing and ongoing risk relative to the traditional clinical methods. Background: Current peri-implant and periodontal disease diagnoses rely on clinical arid radiological examinations. This case-control study investigated the applicability of aMMP-8-PoC immunotest for quantitative real-time diagnosis and monitoring of dental implants in health and disease. Methods: Sixty-eight patients visiting a specialist clinic for maintenance following dental implant placement underwent assessment of their peri-implant health. aMMP-8-PoC peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) lateral-flow immunotests were performed using ImplantSafe (R) technology quantitated by ORALyzer (R). In addition, the PISF samples were analyzed for total MMP-8, calprotectin, and interleukin (IL)-6 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), aMMP-8 by western immunoblot, and MMP-2 and MMP-9 by gelatin zymography. Results: The aMMP-8-PoC test promptly recorded and reflected peri-implant disease, differentiating it clearly from health. X-ray findings (bone loss > 2 mm), peri-implant pocket depth >= 3 mm, and bleeding on probing were significantly more prevalent among implants positive for the aMMP-8-PoC test. aMMP-8/ORALyzer analysis was more precise in recording disease than total MMP-8, calprotectin, IL-6, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Conclusions: The aMMP-8-PoC test can be conveniently implemented to alert for and detect active collagenolysis affecting peri-implant tissues, both in the early and advanced stages of the disease. Active and fragmented MMP-8 exhibits a strong and significant association with peri-implantitis as compared to total MMP-8 arid other biomarkers and can be utilized as the POC/chairside biomarker of choice in the new classification of peri-implantitis.Peer reviewe