METODOLOGIAS DE ENSINO NA EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS: UM ESTUDO SISTEMÁTICO E CRÍTICO

Youth and adult education (EJA) plays a crucial role in promoting educational equality and empowering individuals to deal with contemporary social and economic challenges. In this systematic and critical study, we investigated the main teaching methodologies used in EJA, analyzing their effectiveness, challenges and contributions to the educational process of these students. Through a comprehensive literature review, we identify different pedagogical approaches, including Andragogy, Popular Education, Project Pedagogy, and other relevant strategies, and explore their implications for adult learning. The critical analysis highlighted the importance of considering the specific characteristics of the EJA audience, such as life experiences, individual needs and socioeconomic contexts, when implementing teaching methodologies. We note that although several approaches have proven to be effective in promoting active participation and engagement among adult learners, important challenges remain, such as the lack of adequate resources, the social stigma associated with late education, and the need to adapt teaching methods. to contemporary demands. Based on the critical review, we emphasize the importance of flexible, learner-centered approaches that take into account the diversity of adult learners' experiences and contexts. We propose an integrative approach that combines aspects of Andragogy and Project Pedagogy, aiming to promote autonomy, relevance and practical applicability of the knowledge acquired in EJA. This study seeks to contribute to the improvement of educational practices in EJA, encouraging the implementation of more appropriate and practical teaching methodologies to meet the specific needs of this diverse and sonorous audience.A educação de jovens e adultos (EJA) desempenha um papel crucial na promoção da igualdade educacional e na capacitação de indivíduos para lidar com os desafios sociais e econômicos contemporâneos. Neste estudo sistemático e crítico, investigamos as principais metodologias de ensino utilizadas na EJA, analisando sua eficácia, desafios e contribuições para o processo educacional desses alunos. Por meio de uma revisão abrangente da literatura, identificamos diferentes abordagens pedagógicas, incluindo a Andragogia, a Educação Popular, a Pedagogia de Projetos e outras estratégias relevantes, e exploramos suas implicações na aprendizagem de adultos. A análise crítica destacou a importância de considerar as características específicas do público da EJA, como experiências de vida, necessidades individuais e contextos socioeconômicos, ao implementar as metodologias de ensino. Observamos que, embora várias abordagens tenham demonstrado ser eficazes na promoção da participação ativa e no envolvimento dos alunos adultos, ainda persistem desafios importantes, como a falta de recursos adequados, o estigma social associado à educação tardia e a necessidade de adaptação dos métodos de ensino às demandas contemporâneas. Com base na revisão crítica, enfatizamos a importância de abordagens flexíveis e centradas no aluno, que levem em consideração a diversidade de experiências e contextos dos alunos adultos. Propomos uma abordagem integrativa que combina aspectos da Andragogia e da Pedagogia de Projetos, visando promover a autonomia, a relevância e a aplicabilidade prática do conhecimento adquirido na EJA. Este estudo busca contribuir para o aprimoramento das práticas educacionais na EJA, incentivando a implementação de metodologias de ensino mais adequadas e práticas para atender às necessidades específicas desse público diversificado e sonoro

Repercussões respiratórias e hemodinâmicas do pneumoperitônio na lesão do diafragma: estudo experimental Hemodynamic and respiratory changes caused by CO2 laparoscopy in an experimental model of diaphragmatic injury

OBJETIVO: Analisar as alterações hemodinâmicas e respiratórias secundárias à laparoscopia em modelo experimental de lesão diafragmática. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 15 suínos, distribuídos em três grupos com cinco animais cada, assim constituídos: Grupo 1 - Portadores de lesão diafragmática e avaliados sem pneumoperitônio (CLSP); Grupo 2 - Sem lesão diafragmática e avaliados com pneumoperitônio (SLCP); Grupo 3 - Portadores de lesão diafragmática e avaliados com pneumoperitônio (CLCP). Foram avaliadas variáveis gasométricas, hemodinâmicas e respiratórias. RESULTADOS: Houve alterações significantes da pressão média de artéria pulmonar (PAP), pressão de capilar pulmonar (PCP), PAO2, SAO2 e SVO2. CONCLUSÃO: A videolaparoscopia na presença de lesão do diafragma não acarreta alterações do débito cardíaco e pode ser realizada com segurança, desde que a pressão de pneumoperitônio não ultrapasse valores de 15 mmHg.<br>OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the hemodynamic and respiratory changes caused by CO2 laparoscopy in an experimental model of diaphragmatic injury. METHODS: Fifteen animals chosen at random were submitted to diaphragmatic injury by means of CO2 laparoscopy. Evaluation consisted of drawing blood samples to analyze blood gases, as well as the hemodynamic and respiratory variables. RESULTS: Alterations occurred in APA, CPP, PAO2, ASO2, VSO2. CONCLUSION: We concluded that videolaparoscopy with pneumoperitoneum pressure under 15mmHg is a safe procedure in patients with diaphragmatic injuries because this pressure level does not cause hemodynamic changes, such as decrease of the cardiac output. [Rev Assoc Med Bras 2007; 53(4): 294-9

Evaluation of gas exchanges and production of genotypes of maçã banana type cultivated in the semi-arid region of Bahia

<div><p>Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate gas exchange and production of Maçã bananas type, at different times of the year and the day in semi-arid environment. Seven genotypes genotypes were used: Maçã, Caipira, BRS Tropical, BRS Princesa, YB42-03, YB42-17 and YB42-47, arranged in a completely randomized experimental design with five replicates and four useful plants per plot. For the physiological characteristics, a factorial arrangement 7x7x2 was considered (seven genotypes, seven evaluation periods, two reading times, 8:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m.). Photosynthetic rates, carboxylation efficiency, and instantaneous water use efficiency are higher at 8:00 a.m., due to meteorological conditions, while foliar temperature and transpiration are higher at 2:00 p.m., due to the elevation of air temperature and low humidity. Months with higher radiation and intermediate temperature provided higher rates of photosynthesis, higher efficiency of carboxylation and photochemistry of photosynthesis. In general, genotype YB42-47 was the most productive, with higher water use efficiency and photosynthesis rates.</p></div

Mediatization of a (non-) preservation: the relations of society, journalism and the internet on the demolition of Monroe Palace

Tem sido uma constante no campo patrimonial a exortação de que as políticas do patrimônio precisam se aproximar dos anseios preservacionistas da população. Este artigo procura discutir essa máxima, analisando as razões para a demanda pró-preservação de não especialistas do Palácio Monroe, obra de arquitetura erigida pelo governo brasileiro em 1904, nos EUA, remontada no Brasil, em 1906, e demolida em 1976. Como forma de entender a percepção da sociedade sobre o patrimônio, procura-se mostrar como o processo de demolição do Monroe mobilizou a sociedade carioca. O objetivo é compreender a produção de memória e da história do Rio por pessoas que não pertencem às agências oficiais do patrimônio e que podem, como resultado, permitir que o circuito social da arquitetura seja incorporado às discussões do campo do patrimônio.Many scholars have pointed that the preservation policies should contemplate the society desires. This article discusses this maximum analyzing the reasons that produced demands from non-specialists about the preservation of the Monroe Palace. This building, that originally was built by the Brazilian government in 1904, in the US, was reassembled in Rio de Janeiro in 1906 and demolished in 1976. In order to understand the perception of society about this building, this paper seeks to show how the Monroe’s demolition mobilized Rio society. Taking this episode about the (non-) preservation of this architecture, we developed some reflections on the role of the journalism, blogs and websites, framed by one methodological preoccupation. The goal is to comprehend the production of the Rio’s memory and history by people that do not belong to official agencies of heritage in that city and, as result, to allow the discussion about the social circuit of the architecture within the heritage field

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS: a data set of bird morphological traits from the Atlantic forests of South America

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ