An aircraft Earth station for general aviation

While the focus has been international commercial air traffic, an opportunity exists to provide satellite communications to smaller aircraft. For these users equipment cost and weight critically impact the decision to install satellite communications equipment. Less apparent to the operator is the need for a system infrastructure that will be supported both regionally and internationally and that is compatible with the ground segment being installed for commercial aeronautical satellite communications. A system concept is described as well as a low cost terminal that are intended to satisfy the small aircraft market

Tropospheric ozone concentrations - Seasonal and daily analysis and its association with NO and NO2 as a function of NOx in Ciuc depression – Romania

This paper summarizes the results of a yearlong continuous measurements of gaseous pollutants, NO, NO2, NOxand O3 in the ambient air of Ciuc Depression. Measured concentration of the pollutants in study area is a function of time. NO, NO2 and O3 peak occurred in succession in presence of sunlight. At the time of maximum O3 concentration most of the NOx are utilized. The diurnal cycle of ground level ozone concentrations, revealed mid-day peak with lower nocturnal concentrations and inverse relationship exists between O3 and NOx, which are evidences of photochemical O3 formation. Particular emphasis is placed on establishing how the level of 'oxidant', OX (taken to be the sum of O3 and NO2) varies with the level of NOx, and therefore to gain some insight into the atmospheric sources of OX. The analyses indicate that the level of OX at a given location is made up of NOx- independent and NOx- dependent contributions. The former is effectively a regional contribution which equates to the regional background O3 level, whereas the latter is effectively a local contribution which correlates with the level of primary pollution. Increased values can be also observed for more periods of the year; this fact for the depressional case of Ciuc are due to the particular case represent by stable boundary layer conditions (high static stability conditions in term of Brunt - Vaisala frequency) which are long known for causing increasing concentration of pollutant concentrations

D-term Uplifts in Non-Supersymmetric Heterotic String Models

Recently, we proposed that the one-loop tadpole diagram in perturbative non-supersymmetric heterotic string vacua that contain an anomalous $U(1)$ symmetry, leads to an analog of the Fayet-Iliopoulos $D$-term in $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetric models, and may uplift the vacuum energy from negative to positive value. In this paper, we extend this analysis to new types of vacua, including those with Stringy Scherk-Schwarz (SSS) spontaneous supersymmetry breaking versus those with explicit breaking. We develop a criteria that facilitates the extraction of vacua with Scherk-Schwarz breaking. We develop systematic tools to analyse the T-duality property of some of the vacua and demonstrate them in several examples. The extraction of the anomalous $U(1)$ $D$-terms is obtained in two ways. The first utilises the calculation of the $U(1)$-charges from the partition function, whereas the second utilises the free fermionic classification methodology to classify large spaces of vacua and analyse the properties of the massless spectrum. The systematic classification method also ensures that the models are free from physical tachyons. We provide a systematic tool to relate the free fermionic basis vectors and one-loop Generalised GSO phases that define the string models, to the one-loop partition function in the orbifold representation. We argue that a $D$-term uplift, while rare, is possible for both the SSS class of models, as well as in those with explicit breaking. We discuss the steps needed to further develop the arguments presented here.Comment: 38 pages, 15 figure

Similarities and differences of chemical compositions and physical and functional properties of adjuvant system 01 and army liposome formulation with QS21

A vaccine adjuvant known as Adjuvant System 01 (AS01) consists of liposomes containing a mixture of natural congeners of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL®) obtained from bacterial lipopolysaccharide, and a tree saponin known as QS21. Two vaccines containing AS01 as the adjuvant have been licensed, including a malaria vaccine (Mosquirix®) approved by World Health. Organization and European Medicines Agency for use in sub-Saharan Africa, and a shingles vaccine (Shingrix®) approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The success of the AS01 vaccine adjuvant has led to the development of another liposomal vaccine adjuvant, referred to as Army Liposome Formulation with QS21 (ALFQ). Like AS01, ALFQ consists of liposomes containing monophosphoryl lipid A (as a synthetic molecule known as 3D-PHAD®) and QS21 as adjuvant constituents, and the polar headgroups of the liposomes of AS01 and ALFQ are similar. We compare here AS01 with ALFQ with respect to their similar and different liposomal chemical structures and physical characteristics with a goal of projecting some of the likely mechanisms of safety, side effects, and mechanisms of adjuvanticity. We hypothesize that some of the side effects exhibited in humans after injection of liposome-based vaccines might be caused by free fatty acid and lysophospholipid released by enzymatic attack of liposomal phospholipid by phospholipase A2 at the injection site or systemically after injection

The innervation of the human acetabular labrum and hip joint: an anatomic study

Article deposited according to publisher policies: http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/copyright [July 10, 2014].YesFunding provided by the Open Access Authors Fund

Влияние конструктивных параметров фрикционно-шарикового узла на величину момента

При розробці виробів виникають значні труднощі у виборі запобіжних і навантажуючих пристроїв, оскільки більшість з існуючих вже не задовольняють зростаючі вимоги промисловості. Прагнення підвищити точність спрацювання і стабільність моменту при просковзуванні фрикційних муфт і їх довговічність привело до розробки конструкцій муфт підвищеної точності. Особливої уваги заслуговують муфти з тертям кочення з просковзуванням кульок. Заміна тертя ковзання на тертя кочення з просковзуванням дає можливість збільшити точність спрацьовування і стабільність моменту при просковзуванні поверхонь муфт, що труться. Проте дані муфти ще не повністю вивчені та досліджені. Метою проведення досліджень фрикційно-кулькового вузла було одержання залежностей величини моменту від конструктивних параметрів. Для проведення відповідних досліджень було спроектовано вимірювальну установку. В результаті проведення досліджень було встановлено, що коефіцієнт μ, який характеризує відношення тангенціальних сил до радіальних, значно залежить від кута нахилу поверхонь контакту і їх чистоти та не значно залежить від зусилля притискування поверхні контакту до кульки Р та її діаметра.In the development of products having significant difficulties in the choice of safety and load devices, since most of the existing no longer satisfy the increasing demands of industry. Striving to improve response accuracy and stability at the moment slip clutch, and their longevity has led to the development of structures coupling of high accuracy. Particularly noteworthy are the coupling with rolling friction with sliding beads. Replacement of sliding friction to rolling friction with slippage can increase response accuracy and stability at the moment slip friction surfaces of joints. However, these couplings have not yet fully explored and investigated. The aim of the study of friction-ball site was getting dependences of μ on the design parameters. To conduct relevant research was designed measurement setup. As a result, the research found that the coefficient μ significantly depends on the angle of contact surfaces and clean the surface and not significantly affected by the contact pressure on the contact surface to the ball P and its diameter.При разработке изделий возникают значительные трудности в выборе предохранительных и нагрузочных устройств, так как большинство существующих уже не удовлетворяют возросшим запросам промышленности. Стремление повысить точность срабатывания и стабильность момента при проскальзывании фрикционных муфт и их долговечность привело к разработке конструкций муфт повышенной точности. Особого внимания заслуживают муфты с трением качения с проскальзыванием шариков. Замена трения скольжения на трение качения с проскальзыванием позволяет увеличить точность срабатывания и стабильность момента при проскальзывании трущихся поверхностей муфт. Однако данные муфты еще не полностью изучены и исследованы. Целью проведения исследований фрикционно-шарикового узла было получение зависимостей коэффициента μ от конструктивных параметров. Для проведения соответствующих исследований было спроектировано измерительную установку. В результате проведения исследований было установлено, что коэффициент μ значительно зависит от угла наклона поверхностей контакта и чистоты поверхности и не значительно зависит от усилия прижатия поверхности контакта к шарику и его диаметра

Human Erythrocytes Selectively Bind and Enrich Infectious HIV-1 Virions

Although CD4(+) cells represent the major target for HIV infection in blood, claims of complement-independent binding of HIV-1 to erythrocytes and the possible role of Duffy blood group antigen, have generated controversy. To examine the question of binding to erythrocytes, HIV-1 was incubated in vitro with erythrocytes from 30 healthy leukapheresis donors, and binding was determined by p24 analysis and adsorption of HIV-1 with reduction of infectivity for CD4(+) target cells. All of the cells, regardless of blood group type, bound HIV-1 p24. A typical preparation of erythrocytes bound <2.4% of the added p24, but erythrocytes selectively removed essentially all of the viral infectivity as determined by decreased infection of CD4(+) target cells; however, cell-associated HIV-1 was approximately 100-fold more efficient, via trans infection, than unadsorbed virus for infection of CD4(+) cells. All of the bound HIV-1 p24 was released by treatment of the cells with EDTA, and binding was optimized by adding Ca2+ and Mg2+ during the washing of erythrocytes containing bound HIV-1. Although the small number of contaminating leukocytes in the erythrocyte preparation also bound HIV-1 p24, there was no significant binding to CD4, and it thus appears that the binding occurred on leukocytes at non-CD4 sites. Furthermore, binding occurred to erythrocyte ghosts from which contaminating leukocytes had been previously removed. The results demonstrate that erythrocytes incubated in vitro with HIV-1 differentially adsorb all of the infectious HIV-1 virions (as opposed to non-infectious or degraded virions) in the absence of complement and independent of blood group, and binding is dependent on divalent cations. By analogy with HIV-1 bound to DC-SIGN on dendritic cells, erythrocyte-bound HIV-1 might comprise an important surface reservoir for trans infection of permissive cells