Shot noise in Weyl semimetals

We study the effect of inelastic processes on the magneto-transport of a quasi-one dimensional Weyl semi-metal, using a modified Boltzmann-Langevin approach. The magnetic field drives a crossover to a ballistic regime in which the propagation along the wire is dominated by the chiral anomaly, and the role of fluctuations inside the sample is exponentially suppressed. We show that inelastic collisions modify the parametric dependence of the current fluctuations on the magnetic field. By measuring shot noise as a function of a magnetic field, for different applied voltage, one can estimate the electron-electron inelastic length $l_{\rm ee}$.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figur

Development of Meat Snack Production Technology Using Herbal Ingredients

The relevance of the topic is obvious: snacks are very common in Russia as a product which is used to satisfy hunger on the go. But their market can be filled with both high and low-grade quality products. To be sure in the type of product, you need to know about raw materials, manufacturing technology, and methods of product identification. Moreover, modern people try to monitor their nutrition. This is evidenced by the development of such areas as functional nutrition. Therefore, snacks should not just be properly prepared, they should meet the standards of healthy nutrition. The aim of the article was to study the composition and properties of pumpkin oil, mustard cake and starter cultures of microorganisms, their influence on the quality indicators of meat snacks, the development of recipes and technologies of meat snacks with vegetable components, and the assessment of their quality, taking into account consumer preferences. Literature sources were analysed and patents were searched. This work will allow us to create competitive meat snacks that combine high consumer and functional properties, and recommend their implementation on an industrial scale at meat processing enterprises. Keywords: meat snacks, meat and vegetable products, herbal ingredients, mustard cake, pumpkin seed oil, starter crop

Levetiracetam Reverses Synaptic Deficits Produced by Overexpression of SV2A

Levetiracetam is an FDA-approved drug used to treat epilepsy and other disorders of the nervous system. Although it is known that levetiracetam binds the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, how drug binding affects synaptic functioning remains unknown. Here we report that levetiracetam reverses the effects of excess SV2A in autaptic hippocampal neurons. Expression of an SV2A-EGFP fusion protein produced a ∼1.5-fold increase in synaptic levels of SV2, and resulted in reduced synaptic release probability. The overexpression phenotype parallels that seen in neurons from SV2 knockout mice, which experience severe seizures. Overexpression of SV2A also increased synaptic levels of the calcium-sensor protein synaptotagmin, an SV2-binding protein whose stability and trafficking are regulated by SV2. Treatment with levetiracetam rescued normal neurotransmission and restored normal levels of SV2 and synaptotagmin at the synapse. These results indicate that changes in SV2 expression in either direction impact neurotransmission, and suggest that levetiracetam may modulate SV2 protein interactions

Synthesis and Assessment of Antiplatelet and Antithrombotic Activity of 4-Amino-Substituted 5-Oxoproline Amides and Peptides

Venous thromboembolism is a serious problem because it significantly increases the risk of developing vascular complications in elderly patients with obesity or immobilization, cancer, and many other diseases. Thus, there is a need to study new therapeutic strategies, including new medicinal agents for the efficient and safe correction of thrombus disorders. In this work, we have synthesized a number of new amides and peptides of 4-amino-5-oxoprolines and studied their antiplatelet and antithrombotic activity in experiments in vitro and in vivo. It has been found that the newly obtained compounds slow down the process of thrombus formation in a model of arterial and venous thrombosis, without affecting plasma hemostasis parameters. (2S,4S)-4-Amino-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-oxoprolyl-(S)-phenylalanine proved to be the most efficient among the studied derivatives. The results obtained indicate the advisability of further studies on 5-oxoproline derivatives in order to design pharmaceutical agents for the prevention and treatment of the consequences of thrombosis. © 2023 by the authors.Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation: 075-15-2020-777This research was funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia (agreement no. 075-15-2020-777 of 1 October 2020)

Comparing Artificial Neural Networks, General Linear Models and Support Vector Machines in Building Predictive Models for Small Interfering RNAs

Exogenous short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) induce a gene knockdown effect in cells by interacting with naturally occurring RNA processing machinery. However not all siRNAs induce this effect equally. Several heterogeneous kinds of machine learning techniques and feature sets have been applied to modeling siRNAs and their abilities to induce knockdown. There is some growing agreement to which techniques produce maximally predictive models and yet there is little consensus for methods to compare among predictive models. Also, there are few comparative studies that address what the effect of choosing learning technique, feature set or cross validation approach has on finding and discriminating among predictive models.Three learning techniques were used to develop predictive models for effective siRNA sequences including Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), General Linear Models (GLMs) and Support Vector Machines (SVMs). Five feature mapping methods were also used to generate models of siRNA activities. The 2 factors of learning technique and feature mapping were evaluated by complete 3x5 factorial ANOVA. Overall, both learning techniques and feature mapping contributed significantly to the observed variance in predictive models, but to differing degrees for precision and accuracy as well as across different kinds and levels of model cross-validation.The methods presented here provide a robust statistical framework to compare among models developed under distinct learning techniques and feature sets for siRNAs. Further comparisons among current or future modeling approaches should apply these or other suitable statistically equivalent methods to critically evaluate the performance of proposed models. ANN and GLM techniques tend to be more sensitive to the inclusion of noisy features, but the SVM technique is more robust under large numbers of features for measures of model precision and accuracy. Features found to result in maximally predictive models are not consistent across learning techniques, suggesting care should be taken in the interpretation of feature relevance. In the models developed here, there are statistically differentiable combinations of learning techniques and feature mapping methods where the SVM technique under a specific combination of features significantly outperforms all the best combinations of features within the ANN and GLM techniques

ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ КРИТИЧЕСКИХ ПАЦИЕНТОВ – СИСТЕМНЫЙ ПОДХОД

The study of long-term treatment outcomes of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) is necessary for the rapid recovery of a critically ill patient. Training of ICU staff in basic rehabilitation techniques for early rehabilitation and resocialization of patients allows promoting improvements in postresuscitation immunosuppression, polyneuropathy, polymyopathy, and cognitive dysfunction. The introduction of rehabilitation in the ICU enables avoiding the concept of syndrome-treatment of critically ill patients, solving the problem of “a chronic ICU patient”, reducing the number of complications of the underlying disease and chronic pathologies associated with the patient's critical condition. The algorithms for the recovery of critically ill patients are proposed to be introduced from the first day of the hospitalization, when the first pathophysiological recovery patterns begin to form. The role of resocialization in the framework of this approach to the rehabilitation of critically ill patients, the “open ICU” model and deontological aspects of the communication between medical staff and an ICU patient are put forward. The prevention of delirium after cardiac arrest contributes greatly to the further prevention of post-resuscitation cognitive dysfunction, decreases depression and prevents oversedation. A new phenotype of a chronic critically ill patient, the “patient after a critical condition,” is introduced with the discussion of the pathophysiological patterns involved in its formation. The relevance of this review is confirmed by the growing interest to the integration between ICU staff and patient`s family, thus emerging the role of social aspect of the rehabilitation in critically ill patients. The novelty of this research is imposed by advanced approaches to the early rehabilitation of ICU survivors which are currently neglected from the routine ICU practice.Изучение отдаленных исходов лечения пациентов в отделении реанимации и интенсивной терапии (ОРИТ) необходимо для интегрированного восстановления критического пациента. Обучение сотрудников ОРИТ основным реабилитационным методикам для ранней реабилитации и ресоциализации пациентов предусматривает улучшение показателей постреанимационной иммуносупрессии, полинейропатии, полимиопатии и когнтивиной дисфункции. Внедрение реабилитации в ОРИТ позволит избежать концепции «посиндромного лечения» критических пациентов, решить вопрос о «хроническом пациенте ОРИТ», снизить процент осложнений основного заболевания и хронических патологий, ассоциированных с пребыванием пациента в критическом состоянии. Предлагаются алгоритмы восстановления критического пациента уже в первые сутки госпитализации, когда начинают формироваться первые патофизиологические паттерны восстановления. Особо выделяется роль ресоциализации в комплексе методического подхода к реабилитации критического пациента, концепция «Открытой реанимации» и деонтологические аспекты общения медицинского персонала с пациентом ОРИТ. Необходимость профилактики постреанимационного делирия также относится к минимальным мерам по предотвращению постреанимационной когнитивной дисфункции, как и профилактика депрессии, предупреждение чрезмерной седации. Выделен новый фенотип хронического критического пациента – «пациент после критического состояния» и рассмотрены патофизиологические паттерны его формирования. Актуальность исследования подтверждается возрастающим спросом на взаимодействие между сотрудниками ОРИТ и родственниками пациентов, усиление роли социального компонента реабилитации критических пациентов. Новизна исследования продиктована современными подходами к ранней реабилитации пациентов ОРИТ, которая рутинно исключена из работы отделений реанимации и интенсивной терапии