Concussions, Why They Go Unreported

Introduction: In the world today, concussions are a major health risk in sports and many other physically demanding activities. Every day, we see former athletes who have experienced multiple concussions complain of cognitive impairment and memory loss. It is the risk every athlete takes when they participate in a sport they love; however, when an individual plays through a concussion that is when a line is crossed. People playing through a concussion lead to the foundation of this study, which is to find out why individuals play through their concussions, why they fail to report, and the core cognitive reasons. Materials and Methods: Identified middle school, high school, and collegiate student-athletes as target participants for the study. Developed a three-part survey asking students about concussions. These parts were: Their own experiences with undiagnosed concussions and why they did not report them; undiagnosed concussions in others and why they did not report them; and a general opinion of why someone would not report a concussion. Analyzed data of the 560 participants to obtain significant statistical findings

The Effects of an Early Season Clipping on Several Grassland Species

In one year, the Proposed 100-Acres Quarry Park, Stearns County, Minnesota, USA, will be undergoing development. One aspect of the development is the management (i.e. burning, seeding, clipping) of an old grassland within the park. I studied clipping as a management scheme and expected the species richness (number of species) to increase after clipping and the prostrate species to respond better than the erect species. I used the Daubenmire Canopy-Coverage Method to measure my results. The species richness showed no significant change in response to clipping mainly due to the timing of the clipping. However, individual species responded differently to clipping. As expected, the data suggest that erect species suffered a coverage loss due to clipping as compared to prostrate species. A possibility is that the resources (i.e. space and light) previously exhausted by erect species were made available to the prostrate species, allowing the prostrate species to increase their coverage

Effectiveness of selected strains of entomopathogenic nematodes in peat substrate in container breeding

Pest control in urban green areas is particularly difficult due to the limitation of pesticide use. Using efficient methods for biological control of herbivores there may be a good solution. Planting plants growing in the forest container breeding have a better growth and better root system comparing to the seedlings produced in traditional forest nurseries. Such plants are not subject to significant shock when replanted, however, they are still exposed to pests living near plantings. Our research assessed using entomopathogenic nematodes to be introduced into the soil used for plantings in order early protect seedlings against their pests. Nematodes isolated from the natural environment as well as, for control samples, from biopreparations were used in the study. The research was conducted on the soil substrate in containers with seedlings. During the experiment were taken the following parameters: insect mortality, nematode invasion extensity, migration time of invasive larvae, number of migrating larvae, and their survival. The results showed that entomopathogenic nematodes isolated from various provinces in Poland were effective, but characterized by a diverse insecticidal activity in a peat substrate