Sensibilidade dos nematódeos gastrintestinais de caprinos ao ivermectin na região da Grande Porto Alegre - RS

As infecções por nematódeos representam um entrave na caprinocultura, podendo levar a morte de animais. Para o seu controle é utilizado ivermectin em caprinos jovens. Este experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de verificar a eficácia deste principio ativo sobre caprinos naturalmente parasitados por nematódeos. Para isto, foram utilizados 12 animais sendo 6 medicados com ivermectin ®, na dose de 200 mg/kg v.o, e 6 não medicados (controle) Para a avaliação, utilizou-se o teste de redução na contagem de ovos e redução de larvas infectantes além da carga parasitária total (adultos). Amostras fecais foram coletadas no dia da medicação (dia zero), aos 7 e 14 dias após. No 14º dia pós-medicação todos os caprinos foram sacrificados, para a coleta de helmintos e cálculo da carga parasitária total. Os resultados revelaram que o ivermectin reduziu em 93,24 % o número de ovos de Trichostrongyloidea em caprinos. Na cultura de larvas observou-se Haemonchus (41%), Ostertagia (33%) e Oesophagostomum (26%), no dia zero e somente de Haemonchus (100%) no 14ºdia após a medicação. No grupo controle, no dia da medicação foram observadas larvas de Haemonchus (71%), Ostertagia (26%) e Trichostrongylus (3%). Estes mesmos gêneros foram identificados no 14ºdia, com os porcentuais de 75%, 23%, 2%, respectivamente. A eficácia do ivermectin® frente as infecções por adultos de Haemonchus, Ostertagia e Trichostrongylus foi de 92,21%, 100% e 60,24%, respectivamente, sendo que o gênero Haemonchus, representou 96% da população encontrada no grupo controle

The cost of type 1 diabetes: a nationwide multicentre study in Brazil

Objective To determine the direct medical costs of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) to the National Brazilian Health-Care System (NBHCS) and quantify the contribution of each individual component to the total cost.Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional, nationwide multicentre study was conducted between 2008 and 2010 in 28 public clinics in 20 Brazilian cities. the study included 3180 patients with T1DM (mean age 22 year's +/- 11.8) who were surveyed while receiving health care from the NBHCS. the mean duration of their diabetes was 10.3 years (+/- 8.0). the costs of tests and medical procedures, insulin pumps, and supplies for administration, and supplies for self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) were obtained from national and local health system sources for 2010-2011. Annual direct medical costs were derived by adding the costs of medications, supplies, tests, medical consultations, procedures and hospitalizations over the year preceding the interview.Findings the average annual direct medical cost per capita was 1319.15 United States dollars (US$). Treatment-related expenditure - US$ 1216.33 per patient per year represented 92.20% of total direct medical costs. Insulin administration supplies and SMBG (US$696.78 per patient per year) accounted for 52.82$ 75.64 per patient per year) of direct medical costs. Consultations accounted for 1.94% of direct medical costs (US$ 25.62 per patient per year).Conclusion Health technologies accounted for most direct medical costs of T1DM. These data can serve to reassess the distribution of resources for managing T1DM in Brazil's public health-care system.Farmanguinhos/Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz/National Health MinistryBrazilian Diabetes SocietyFundacao do Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)State Univ Hosp Rio de Janeiro, BR-20551030 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilBauru Diabet Assoc, Bauru, BrazilJoinville Endocrinol & Diabet Inst, Joinville, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Taxas de concepção e prenhez de novilhas submetidas a diferentes métodos de inseminação artificial

Objetivou-se no experimento avaliar as taxas de concepção e prenhez de 104 novilhas acasaladas aos 24 meses. Foram formados dois grupos, grupo IATF (G-IATF) com 50 novilhas e grupo IA (G-IA) com 54 novilhas. Dos 54 animais do G-IA inseminou-se 28, sobrando 26, formando o grupo G-NãoIA. A taxa de concepção do G-IATF e G-IA a IA(TF) foi, respectivamente, 38,0% e 39,3% (p0,05). A taxa de prenhez a IA(TF) foi, respectivamente, de 38,0% e 20,4% (p0,05). As taxas de prenhez, ao final da estação de monta para G-IATF, G-IA e G-NãoIA foram, respectivamente, 80,0%, 85,7%, 61,5% (p0,05), resultando em prenhez geral de 76,9%. O resultado de prenhez a inseminação do G-IA foi influenciado pelo menor número de animais inseminados

Previous BCG vaccination is associated with less severe clinical progression of COVID-19

Background: BCG vaccination, originally used to prevent tuberculosis, is known to “train” the immune system to improve defence against viral respiratory infections. We investigated whether a previous BCG vaccination is associated with less severe clinical progression of COVID-19./ Methods: A case-control study comparing the proportion with a BCG vaccine scar (indicating previous vaccination) in cases and controls presenting with COVID-19 to health units in Brazil. Cases were subjects with severe COVID-19 (O2 saturation < 90%, severe respiratory effort, severe pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, sepsis, and septic shock). Controls had COVID-19 not meeting the definition of “severe” above. Unconditional regression was used to estimate vaccine protection against clinical progression to severe disease, with strict control for age, comorbidity, sex, educational level, race/colour, and municipality. Internal matching and conditional regression were used for sensitivity analysis./ Results: BCG was associated with high protection against COVID-19 clinical progression, over 87% (95% CI 74–93%) in subjects aged 60 or less and 35% (95% CI − 44–71%) in older subjects./ Conclusions: This protection may be relevant for public health in settings where COVID-19 vaccine coverage is still low and may have implications for research to identify vaccine candidates for COVID-19 that are broadly protective against mortality from future variants. Further research into the immunomodulatory effects of BCG may inform COVID-19 therapeutic research.