Adherence to the physical activity guideline beyond the recommended minimum weekly amount: impacts on indicators of physical function in older adults

IntroductionThe extent to which additional health benefits of accumulating twice the minimum amount of time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) affects indicators of physical function in older adults is unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess indicators of physical function in older adults who accumulate at least 150 but less than 300 min/week of MVPA compared to those accumulating at least 300 min/week.MethodsIndicators of physical function, including handgrip strength, 5 times sit-to-stand test (5-STS), squat jump and 6-min walk test (6MWT) were assessed in a sample of 193 older men (n = 71, 67 ± 2 years), and women (n = 122, 67 ± 2 years), who all accumulated at least 150 weekly minutes of MVPA. Time in MVPA was assessed by accelerometry during 1 week and engagement in muscle strengthening activities (MSA) was assessed by self-report. Protein intake was assessed by a food-frequency-questionnaire. Participants were classified as physically active (≥150 but <300 min of MVPA per week) or as highly physically active (≥300 min of MVPA per week).ResultsFactorial analysis of variance revealed that older adults accumulating at least 300 min of MVPA per week had a significantly (p < 0.05) better 6MWT performance and overall physical function compared to the less active group. These findings remained significant after further adjustment for MSA, sex, waist circumference and protein intake. In contrast, no significant differences in indicators of muscle strength were observed between the two groups.DiscussionAdherence to twice the recommended minimum amount of weekly MVPA time is related to a better physical function, evidenced by a better walking performance compared to adherence to the minimum weekly amount of MVPA. This finding emphasizes the benefits of accumulating daily MVPA beyond the minimum recommended amount to optimize the ability to perform activities of daily living, thus reducing the burden of physical disability and related health-care costs

Pengaruh Model Cooperative Learning Metode Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) dan Numbered Head Together (NHT) terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Akuntansi Siswa ditinjau dari Kemampuan Awal Siswa : studi quasi eksperimen pada materi laporan keuangan perusahaan jasa mata pelajaran siklus akuntansi perusahaan jasa kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Kota Tasikmalaya tahun Ajaran 2014/2015

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh model cooperative learning metode TSTS dan NHT terhadap pemahaman konsep akuntansi ditinjau dari kemampuan awal siswa dalam mata pelajaran akuntansi kelas X Akuntansi SMKN 1 Kota Tasikmalaya. Metode yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimen dengan pengambilan sampel cluster random sampling yaitu kelas X-Ak 1 dan X-Ak 3. Kemampuan awal setiap kelas dibagi menjadi dua kategori, yaitu kemampuan awal tinggi dan kemampuan awal rendah. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui tes tulis yaitu tes kemampuan awal, pre test, dan pos test. Uji Hipotesis menggunakan uji anova between subject design faktorial 2x2. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada pengaruh metode pembelajaran NHT dan TSTS terhadap pemahaman konsep akuntansi. Ada pengaruh kemampuan awal terhadap pemahaman konsep akuntansi. Ada pengaruh dan interaksi penggunaan metode TSTS dan NHT terhadap peningkatan pemahaman konsep akuntansi ditinjau dari kemampuan awal. Pemahaman konsep siswa yang memiliki kemampuan awal tinggi dengan metode NHT lebih tinggi dari penggunaan metode TSTS dengan kemampuan awal yang sama. Peningkatan pemahaman konsep siswa dengan kemampuan awal rendah metode TSTS lebih baik dari metode NHT. This research was conducted to see the effect of cooperative learning model of Two Stay Two Stray method and Numbered Head Together method toward the understanding of accounting concepts seen from the student’s prior knowledge.The research method was is quasi experimental with cluster random sampling in class X-Ak 1 and X-Ak 3. Prior Knowledge of each class is divided into two categories, namely high prior knowledge and low prior knowledge. The instrument used in this research was tests, was prerequisite test, pre test and post test. Hypothesis test using ANOVA test between subject 2x2 factorial design.The findings of this research are: there is the influence of the use of methods TSTS and NHT toward the increase of the understanding of accounting concepts. There is also the influence of the prior knowledge toward the increase of the understanding of accounting concepts. Moreover an effect of interaction between TSTS method and NHT method with the student’s prior knowledge toward the increase of the understanding of accounting concepts. The use of NHT method and TSTS method increased the understanding of the concept of students who have a high prior knowledge. Meanwhile, the use of TSTS method is better than NHT method in improving student comprehension with low prior knowledge

Robust T cell immunity in convalescent individuals with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19

SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells will likely prove critical for long-term immune protection against COVID-19. Here, we systematically mapped the functional and phenotypic landscape of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in unexposed individuals, exposed family members, and individuals with acute or convalescent COVID-19. Acute-phase SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells displayed a highly activated cytotoxic phenotype that correlated with various clinical markers of disease severity, whereas convalescent-phase SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were polyfunctional and displayed a stem-like memory phenotype. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were detectable in antibody-seronegative exposed family members and convalescent individuals with a history of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19. Our collective dataset shows that SARS-CoV-2 elicits broadly directed and functionally replete memory T cell responses, suggesting that natural exposure or infection may prevent recurrent episodes of severe COVID-19

Heat shock proteins in exercised human skeletal muscle

Exercise is considered as an important stressor accompanied by concerted molecular and cellular changes leading to adaptations at the level of skeletal muscle size and function. An important protein family produced by cells in response to stressful conditions is the heat shock proteins (HSPs). It is suggested that the different HSPs play specific roles in acute and longterm responses to exercise-induced stress. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the expression of four different HSPs (αB-crystallin, HSP27, HSP60 and HSP70) in human skeletal muscle exposed to exercise, with a special emphasis on the role played by HSP27 in the hypertrophy of human skeletal muscle. One of the major findings was the fibre type-specific expression of HSPs in resting human skeletal muscle, including the preferential expression of HSP27 in fast type II muscle fibres. Another finding was the occurrence of training background-related differences in the expression of HSPs. Also, a cytoplasmic relocation of HSP27, occurring specifically in type II muscle fibres, was shown in response to a single bout of resistance exercise. Interestingly, there were no corresponding changes in response to an endurance exercise bout, suggesting that HSP27 may be specifically involved in the adaptations to resistance exercise. In order to test this hypothesis, an in-vitro exercise model based on the electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) of muscle cells was developed. The EPS protocol, including an 8 h restitution period, induced a significant hypertrophy of muscle cells together with molecular changes similar to those previously described in response to exercise in humans. The role of HSP27 in the hypertrophy of human muscle cells was examined through the downregulation of HSP27. Based on data from morphological and microarray analyses, findings indicate that HSP27 is not mandatory for the hypertrophy of human muscle cells. Overall, the present thesis clarified the expression of different HSPs in human skeletal muscle and provided an in-vitro-based approach for the elucidation of the exact role played by HSPs in the adaptations of human skeletal muscle to exercise

Sportchefens ledarroll inom fotbollen : Kravanalys av kompetens, ledarstil och utbildning

Sportchefer på elitnivå inom svensk fotboll har det yttersta ansvaret för den sportsliga verksamheten i klubbarna. Dagens klubbfotboll kan likställas med ett större företag vars resultat noga bevakas av media, supporters och sponsorer. Pressen på dessa sportchefer är höga både när det gäller att leda en omfattande organisation och att ta ansvar för det sportsliga resultatet. Detta är utgångspunkter som ligger till grund för vår undersökning. Syftet med denna uppsats var att utifrån sportchefers egna perspektiv försöka förstå hur de uppfattar kraven på deras roll samt hur de omsätter sitt ledarskap i praktiken och vilken/vilka ledarskapsmodeller detta kan relateras till. Vi har utifrån detta syfte formulerat våra undersökningsfrågor enligt följande:  Vad krävs för att vara sportchef i en svensk fotbollsförening på elitnivå? Vilka ledaregenskaper anser sportchefer är nödvändiga för att leda en klubb? Vi har använt oss av en semi-strukturerad kvalitativ intervjumetod riktad till åtta sportchefer. Respondenternas svar diskuterades med stöd av tre ledarskapsteorier som sedan låg till grund för vår empiri, analys och slutsats. De sportchefer som har intervjuats har olika bakgrund och ledarstilar. Samtidigt tyder undersökningen på att de fungerar som ledare i de organisationer där de är verksamma. Det kan därför vara svårt att dra generella eller långtgående slutsatser om vilka explicita krav som ställs för sportchefsrollen, utifrån vår studie.Sport managers at the elite level in Swedish football have the ultimate responsibility for the club sports organization. Today’s club football can be seen as a major enterprise, which is followed, by media, supporters and sponsors. The pressure on the sport managers is therefore high both on a leadership level and for taking the responsibility for the actual sport results. These are important points for our investigation of the sport management leadership. The aim of this project is that from the sport managers own perspectives try to understand how they experience the demands put on them as leaders and how they practice their leadership. The practiced leadership is further discussed in relation to three different leadership models. The following are the questions we have searched answers for:  What are the requirements for a sport manager in a Swedish elite football club?  What leadership’s abilities are needed for the role as a sport manager?  We have used a semi-structured qualitative interview method. The respondent’s answers have been related to three leadership models, which are discussed in our analysis and conclusion.  The sport managers have different background and leadership styles. Still they do function equally well as a manager in their organization. Therefore it can be hard to draw general conclusions about explicit requirements for the sport manager role, from our study

Sportchefens ledarroll inom fotbollen : Kravanalys av kompetens, ledarstil och utbildning

Sportchefer på elitnivå inom svensk fotboll har det yttersta ansvaret för den sportsliga verksamheten i klubbarna. Dagens klubbfotboll kan likställas med ett större företag vars resultat noga bevakas av media, supporters och sponsorer. Pressen på dessa sportchefer är höga både när det gäller att leda en omfattande organisation och att ta ansvar för det sportsliga resultatet. Detta är utgångspunkter som ligger till grund för vår undersökning. Syftet med denna uppsats var att utifrån sportchefers egna perspektiv försöka förstå hur de uppfattar kraven på deras roll samt hur de omsätter sitt ledarskap i praktiken och vilken/vilka ledarskapsmodeller detta kan relateras till. Vi har utifrån detta syfte formulerat våra undersökningsfrågor enligt följande:  Vad krävs för att vara sportchef i en svensk fotbollsförening på elitnivå? Vilka ledaregenskaper anser sportchefer är nödvändiga för att leda en klubb? Vi har använt oss av en semi-strukturerad kvalitativ intervjumetod riktad till åtta sportchefer. Respondenternas svar diskuterades med stöd av tre ledarskapsteorier som sedan låg till grund för vår empiri, analys och slutsats. De sportchefer som har intervjuats har olika bakgrund och ledarstilar. Samtidigt tyder undersökningen på att de fungerar som ledare i de organisationer där de är verksamma. Det kan därför vara svårt att dra generella eller långtgående slutsatser om vilka explicita krav som ställs för sportchefsrollen, utifrån vår studie.Sport managers at the elite level in Swedish football have the ultimate responsibility for the club sports organization. Today’s club football can be seen as a major enterprise, which is followed, by media, supporters and sponsors. The pressure on the sport managers is therefore high both on a leadership level and for taking the responsibility for the actual sport results. These are important points for our investigation of the sport management leadership. The aim of this project is that from the sport managers own perspectives try to understand how they experience the demands put on them as leaders and how they practice their leadership. The practiced leadership is further discussed in relation to three different leadership models. The following are the questions we have searched answers for:  What are the requirements for a sport manager in a Swedish elite football club?  What leadership’s abilities are needed for the role as a sport manager?  We have used a semi-structured qualitative interview method. The respondent’s answers have been related to three leadership models, which are discussed in our analysis and conclusion.  The sport managers have different background and leadership styles. Still they do function equally well as a manager in their organization. Therefore it can be hard to draw general conclusions about explicit requirements for the sport manager role, from our study

Automatic in-line inspection of shape based on photogrammetry

We are describing a fully automatic in-line shape inspection system for controlling the shape of moving objects on a conveyor belt. The shapes of the objects are measured using a full-field optical shape measurement method based on photogrammetry. The photogrammetry system consists of four cameras, a flash, and a triggering device. When an object to be measured arrives at a given position relative to the system, the flash and cameras are synchronously triggered to capture images of the moving object. From the captured images a point-cloud representing the measured shape is created. The point-cloud is then aligned to a CAD-model, which defines the nominal shape of the measured object, using a best-fit method and a feature-based alignment method. Deviations between the point-cloud and the CAD-model are computed giving the output of the inspection process. The computational time to create a point-cloud from the captured images is about 30 seconds and the computational time for the comparison with the CAD-model is about ten milliseconds. We report on recent progress with the shape inspection system.SIVPR

Major alterations in the mononuclear phagocyte landscape associated with COVID-19 severity

10.1073/pnas.2018587118Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1186e201858711