Strategy for instant neutralisation and metal immobilisation in ARD

Abstract For ARD filters, reactive barriers are often the methods of choice. Some problems are recognised though; iron precipitation cause hydraulic changes and inhibition of neutralising phases. Instead of filter/barrier installation alkalinity is suggested to be added in an aqueous phase (leach beds). Addition of a highly alkaline solution to different ARD results in a rapid, almost instant neutralisation, precipitation of metals (Fe, Al) as well as almost quantitative coprecipitation and sorption of trace metals at near neutral pH. Generation of alkalinity on-site, added to ARD as an aqueous phase, would be a fast and simple ARD treatment method

Hjärtats härdar: Folkliv, folkmuseer och minnesmärken i Skandinavien, 1808–1907

This thesis deals with the new view of landscapes, buildings and artefacts as significant, memory-bearing structures that emerged in the nineteenth century. It examines the new memory-bearing visibility, i.e., the human-shaped reality as a bearer of memory, and it also analyses the new notion of the people (folk) and its ways of seeing; in other words, a living entity, a new subject that creates its own history and society. Finally, it also examines the synthesis of a new kind of knowledge that became institutionalised in historical and ethnographical museums and subsequently in folk museums. At the beginning of the century, the historical memorial was a new object that was to be researched and appraised from both an artistic and a scientific perspective. The people in its incarnation of folk life represented, in its turn, a new, higher phase of human development, in terms of a historical-idealistic concept of stages, one that made possible the new vision of the artist as well as of the museum curator and the scientist and their studies of the historical memorial. Finally, the folk museum was one of the new institutions where the museum curator synthesised his observations and constructed knowledge of the historical memorial, and also employed this knowledge in folk educational, socio-moral museum activities in order to elevate the fragmented population to this new, harmonious and national-individual folk life. The thesis consists of three main sections that reflect the above division. The purpose of the first section, "Historical memorials", is to furnish an overarching description of how different nuances of nineteenth-century memory-bearing visibility arose and were transformed in Denmark, Norway and Sweden; more specifically, the aesthetic, scientific, historical, social and national dimensions of the historical memorial. The relationship that is described and analysed is primarily that between knowledge-acquiring subjects and objects of knowledge. The purpose of the second section, "Folk life", is to analyse in detail the contemporary epistemological views with respect to memory-bearing visibility of reality, limited, however, to the closest ideational contexts of the folk museum; the relationship under study is thus the one between the knowledge-acquiring subject and notions of knowledge. The purpose of the third section, "Folk museums", is to describe how the museum curators in actual practice made use of the historical memorial and the new artistic, scientific and economic approaches, in order to synthesise knowledge and apply it in their folk educational activities at the folk museums

Intersecting heritage, milieu and environment. The concept of Nordic museology in the early 1990s

In this study, I investigate the concept of Nordic museology in the early 1990s. Per-Uno Ågren’s programmatic article about museology and cultural heritage, published in 1993 in the first ever issue of the journal Nordic Museology, is the point of departure for my historiographic investigation. Ågren’s article is firstly contextualized within the international museological discourse of the 1980s and early 1990s, secondly within a late twentieth-century idea milieu in Umeå where curators and researchers received, revised, shaped and used a variety of concepts and practices. The key concepts include traditional museology, new museology, museum studies and heritology as well as idea milieu and life milieu, total heritage, environmental heritage, idea heritage, cultural heritage and natural heritage. What were the specifics of Ågren’s concepts of museology and cultural heritage in relation to the adjacent concepts in the international museological discourse and the idea milieu in Umeå? How did Ågren and his colleagues formulate the concept of Nordic museology

Hembygden som självkännedom och folkbildning. Theodor Hellman och daningen av en poetisk hembygd och centralanstalt för en nationell enhetsskola på Murberget i Härnösand

“Know thyself”: this antique aphorism was re-actualised in the late nineteenth century as a credo for the museums of cultural history in Scandinavia. In this essay, this aphorism will be explored in close relation to the concept of hembygd. It is argued that these two concepts were intertwined into a foundation for an organic knowledge theory, which was in turn spread to a political nationalistic sphere and into the planning of a national unitary school for all classes in Sweden. In the early twentieth century, the museum curator and elementary school inspector Theodor Hellman formulated his concept of hembygd. Through his contemporary, the philosopher Hans Larsson, the concept will be presented as an intuitive whole, i.e. as a higher poetic order of knowledge in which thought intertwines with feeling. I argue that Hellman in his hembygd reworked Larsson’s idea of ‘intuition’ to a nationalistic essence. This hembygd took the Swedish people back home to a true sense of reality, to its national roots, and to an organic understanding of its place in history and society. Also, to attain scholarly legitimacy, the concept of hembygd was blended with general aspects of Cultural Darwinism to a cocktail of idealism and naturalism. As such an essence, hembygd was fundamental for the heritage institutions established in Härnösand after the dissolution of the Swedish-Norwegian Union in 1905.

Kulturarvens speglingar

Museums as mirrors of differing concepts of heritage The museum – is it more a reflection of the present than an entrance to the past? In this essay we visit four museums from four different eras to investigate how the ideals of the contemporary society were mirrored in the museum’s preservation and exhibition practices. The museums, all located in Stockholm, are: The Royal Museum founded in 1792 which focused on the classical heritage; the Nordiska Museet 1873 and Skansen 1891 with their interest in Nordic folk culture; the Museum of National Antiquities and the Office of Cultural Heritage Management in the days of their important reorganisation around 1940; and finally the Swedish Travelling Exhibitions established in 1965 with its distributive and democratic ideas. I have used the typology of Friedrich Nietzsche from Vom Nutzen und Nachteil der Historie für das Leben revised by the historian Svante Beckman in order to understand the differences. The museums are positioned in an analytic diagram (p. 72) according to the ideals which were fundamental in the construction of the respective institutions. In the centre Heritage, at the top Society perspective, at the bottom Individual perspective, to the left Cognitive emphasis, to the right Emotive emphasis. The conclusions are condensed in the diagram on p. 88.

Making things matter. Meaning and materiality in museum displays

An international and trans-institutional study, the present postdoctoral project analyses the production of prehistory, art history and cultural history in various museum displays in Berlin, Copenhagen, London and Stockholm, from c. 1880 to c. 1920. The collection galleries and permanent exhibitions are analysed as interfaces of meaning and materiality, with a focus on the different concepts of knowledge that were brought into play when making history, namely scholarly knowledge, aesthetic experience, didactic learning, technical expertise and notions of how to live well. More specifically, the project combines two theoretical perspectives, the poetics of display and displays as mediations, and analyses how museums made history through more or less locally decided interconnections of moral models, display techniques, historical remains and reproductions, and didactic, epistemological and aesthetic ideas. The three-year project, 2015–2018, is conducted partly in the aforesaid cities, and chiefly at the Centre for Museum Studies, IKOS, University of Oslo

Making things matter. Meaning and materiality in museum displays

An international and trans-institutional study, the present postdoctoral project analyses the production of prehistory, art history and cultural history in various museum displays in Berlin, Copenhagen, London and Stockholm, from c. 1880 to c. 1920. The collection galleries and permanent exhibitions are analysed as interfaces of meaning and materiality, with a focus on the different concepts of knowledge that were brought into play when making history, namely scholarly knowledge, aesthetic experience, didactic learning, technical expertise and notions of how to live well. More specifically, the project combines two theoretical perspectives, the poetics of display and displays as mediations, and analyses how museums made history through more or less locally decided interconnections of moral models, display techniques, historical remains and reproductions, and didactic, epistemological and aesthetic ideas. The three-year project, 2015-2018, is conducted partly in the aforesaid cities, and chiefly at the Centre for Museum Studies, IKOS, University of Oslo

Frizon och lagrum – världsarv och riksintresse som kulturmiljö och tillväxtpotential

Free space and legal space This article takes as its point of departure in the distinction made by André Groz between legal space and free space, the former being of a material nature defined by authorities and legal regulations, the latter im- material, upheld by common practice among citizens representing cultural values in the environment that transcend institutionally applied borders. Historical and aesthetic values are often an important part of the free space, accordingly authorities and agencies defending cultural values related to specific sites – even when they are legally founded – often find themselves in conflict with other agencies in charge of the economic devel- opment of the community. This conflict, which causes dilemmas in political decision making, is demonstrated using two examples, both very important motorway construction projects, one in the southwest of Sweden, the other in the north of the country, both touching on areas with great historical significance. According to environmental legislation a developer must ask permission to realize his project and must state the consequences of his landuse. When there are conflicting interests in the area the developer is obliged to present an analysis of the consequences and suggest how the damage caused to these conflicting interests may be reduced. This is generally done by presenting alternative sitings for the road. Although in these exmples the road projects touched upon areas that are declared World Heritage Sites it is shown that the values asserted by antiquarian authorities are given a very low rating compared to alternatives representing economic gains. The economic gains are measurable and have a limited time horizon but they count for more than cultural values which are immeasurable.

Permanent under water storing of weathered mine waste after removal of fine fraction and addition of ash

Weathered sulphidic mine waste is a major environmental problem. An experiment was performed in order to study water covers for oxidized mine waste. In two experiments oxidized mine waste were covered with water, in one experiment the fine fraction was removed and in one experiment alkaline ash was also added prior to water covering. It was found that removal of the fine fraction decreased pH and increased trace element concentrations. Water covering of the mine waste with and without ash decreased trace element concentrations indicating that co disposing oxidized sulphidic mine waste and ash under water might be a promising remediation method