37 research outputs found

    Added worker effect revisited through the French working time reduction experiment

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    This paper studies the impact of the French working time reduction experiment on the family labour supply. I expanded on the conventional added worker effect in order to analyse successively the effect of the ''35 hours'' on two dimensions of the spouse's labour supply: the probability to participate in the labour market and the working hours. Econometric tests are carried out on 10 000 couples drawn from the French EMPLOI survey of the INSEE. In the first estimation using Heckman's and Cogan's fixed costs frameworks, I found that working time reduction reduces the spouse's working hours when he (she) works. In the second one, using a multivariate probit analysis, I found that it increases the spouse's probability to join the labour force when he (she) was outside of the labour market in the previous period.added worker effect; family labour supply; fixed costs; multivariate probit; simultaneous equations; Working time reduction

    Impact des 35 heures sur l'instauration de l'annualisation/modulation

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    Working Paper du GATE 2001-19Since 1982, to improve the labour flexibility the French labour legislation allows firms to modify the standard workplace organisation of their employees. Under given conditions, the firms have the opportunity to introduce variability in the every day working time if the annual working time stay equal or less than the legal working time. This new organisation is called : working time " annualisation ". The aim of this paper is to point out the main determinants of firm with WRT agreement's workplace organisational. The theoretical part of the paper present a simple organisational choice framework based on profit maximisation. The target is to deal simultaneously with flexibility choice behaviour and a collective bargaining between employers and employees over wages and workplace. This theoretical framework is tested using French firms individual data based on a match between REPONSE 98 survey and administrative survey of Robien and Aubry agreements.La modulation/annualisation du temps de travail est un mode organisationnel qui offre la possibilitĂ© d'adapter le rythme de travail Ă  celui de la demande. Toutefois, ce mode de flexibilitĂ© interne caractĂ©rise principalement les entreprises signataires d'un accord Robien et Aubry. L'objectif de cet article est d'Ă©tudier quels sont les dĂ©terminants de ce choix organisationnel pour les Ă©tablissements qui se sont engagĂ©s dans un dispositif incitatif de rĂ©duction du temps de travail. Le cadre thĂ©orique retenu vise Ă  d'intĂ©grer simultanĂ©ment le choix organisationnel des entreprises en vue de s'adapter au mieux aux variations de la demande et le processus de nĂ©gociation salariale entre l'employeur et les salariĂ©s liĂ© Ă  ce changement organisationnel. Ce modĂšle est testĂ© Ă  l'aide de donnĂ©es d'Ă©tablissements français issues de l'appariement de l'enquĂȘte REPONSE 98 et des fichiers administratifs sur les conventions Robien et Aubry

    Added worker effect revisited through the French working time reduction experiment

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    Working Paper du GATE 2002-09This paper studies the impact of the French working time reduction experiment on the family labour supply. I expanded on the conventional added worker effect in order to analyse successively the effect of the ''35 hours'' on two dimensions of the spouse's labour supply: the probability to participate in the labour market and the working hours. Econometric tests are carried out on 10 000 couples drawn from the French EMPLOI survey of the INSEE. In the first estimation using Heckman's and Cogan's fixed costs frameworks, I found that working time reduction reduces the spouse's working hours when he (she) works. In the second one, using a multivariate probit analysis, I found that it increases the spouse's probability to join the labour force when he (she) was outside of the labour market in the previous period.Cet article, qui s'inscrit dans la lignĂ©e des travaux sur l'effet d'un travailleur additionnel, Ă©tudie l'Ă©volution de l'offre de travail familiale consĂ©cutive Ă  la diffusion des 35 heures en s'appuyant sur un Ă©chantillon original de plus de 10 000 couples issu de l'enquĂȘte EMPLOI 2000. Deux dimensions de l'offre de travail de l'individu sont Ă©tudiĂ©es successivement lorsque son conjoint est affectĂ© par la rĂ©duction du temps de travail : l'intensitĂ© de la participation au marchĂ© du travail et la dĂ©cision de passer du statut d'inactif Ă  celui d'actif

    Incentive Schemes and Determinants for Recruitment by Firms on the Shorter Working Week

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    Two categories of establishments can be identified among those that made the transition to the 35-hour working week in late 2000: the establishments that signed a Robien or Aubry 1 agreement and received incentive scheme assistance and those that switched to 35 hours without obtaining this assistance, but benefited from the lower payroll charges provided for by the Aubry 2 mechanism. The proposed analysis sets out to identify the determinants for job creations in these two categories of establishments that implemented the shorter working week. It is based on detailed data taken from the 2001 Passages (Transitions) survey conducted by DARES (Directorate for the Coordination of Research, Studies and Statistics) and the BVA institute. The Passages survey reports that the staff of establishments receiving incentive scheme assistance rose by over 10% as opposed to 4% for the others.Work-Sharing, Job Creations, Endogenous Switching Models, Oaxaca Procedure

    The effect of social security payroll tax reductions on employment and wages: an evaluation of the 2003 French reform

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    public policy evaluation, payroll tax cuts, labour cost, semi-parametric estimations

    Les déterminants des embauches des établissements à 35 heures : aides incitatives, effet de sélection et modalités de mise en oeuvre

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    Working Paper du GATE 2002-10Among 35-hour firms, those which benefit from social tax cuts of Aubry and Robien laws have increased their staff more than the others. The observed employment gap is up to 5,7 points between both kinds of firms. However, these two kinds of firms differ by the date and their attitudes toward shorter working hours implementation. The aim of this article is to point out the 35-hour firms' determinants of job creations using French firms individual data based on the PASSAGES survey carried out in 2001 by DARES. An endogenous switching framework is used to take into account the process to benefit of social tax cuts. We measure and determine the adjusted employment differential using the Oaxaca procedure. We found that 44 \% of the unadjusted employment gap between firms who benefit of social tax cuts and the others can be explain by the firms' attitude toward shorter working hours.Parmi les Ă©tablissements Ă  35 heures, ceux ayant obtenu des aides incitatives ont davantage crĂ©Ă© d'emplois que les autres. L'Ă©cart moyen du volume d'embauche de ces deux catĂ©gories est de plus de 5,7 points. Toutefois, ces Ă©tablissements diffĂšrent selon la date et les modalitĂ©s de mise en oeuvre de la RTT. Cet article propose d'identifier, Ă  l'aide d'un modĂšle de sĂ©lection endogĂšne, les dĂ©terminants des crĂ©ations d'emplois, pour ces deux catĂ©gories d'Ă©tablissements, en s'appuyant sur des donnĂ©es de l'enquĂȘte PASSAGES rĂ©alisĂ©e en 2001 par la DARES. Un Ă©cart de crĂ©ations d'emplois ajustĂ© des modalitĂ©s observĂ©es de mise en oeuvre de la RTT est ensuite calculĂ© Ă  l'aide de la procĂ©dure d'Oaxaca. Il apparaĂźt que 44 \% du diffĂ©rentiel d'embauches observĂ© s'expliquent par les modalitĂ©s diffĂ©rentes d'application des 35 heures

    Les entreprises Ă  35 heures ont-elles toutes intĂ©rĂȘt Ă  utiliser le dispositif de modulation/annualisation ?

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    The modulation/annualisation device is the most frequent 35-hour firms?organisational change. The aim of this paper is to point out the main determinants of such an organisational choice by using French firms individual data: the passages survey. Firms are assumed to be in an uncertain environment where organisational choice has a strategic value. The theoretical and empirical analysis show that modulation/annualisation organisational choice depends on the trade off between four elements: the demand volatility, the costs to sep up the modulation/annualisation device, the bargaining process and the competitors?organisational choices.

    Pourquoi est-il si difficile d'évaluer les politiques publiques ?: Le cas exemplaire des allÚgements de charges sur les bas salaires en France

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    The cuts in social contributions in France provide a good illustration of the difficulties in evaluating public policies. The state of technology assessment is not the most binding point of the evaluator activity. The nature and especially the pace of reforms put stronger constraint on the evaluation process. There are far away from econometric technologies that improve datas quality to their application to policies that are actually implemented by governments. Given these constraints, we say that the "evaluability" of public policy could be a factor to consider in the implementation of reforms.Les allĂšgements de cotisations sociales en France fournissent une bonne illustration des difficultĂ©s de l'Ă©valuation des politiques publiques. L'Ă©tat de la technologie de l'Ă©valuation n'y est pas l'aspect le plus contraignant de l'activitĂ© de l'Ă©valuateur. La nature et surtout le rythme des rĂ©formes conditionnent bien plus fortement l'espace des possibles et font de l'activitĂ© de l'Ă©valuateur un exercice trĂšs contraint. Il y a loin des technologies Ă©conomĂ©triques qui permettent d'amĂ©liorer la qualitĂ© du chiffrage Ă  leur application aux politiques qui sont effectivement mises en oeuvre par les gouvernements. Compte tenu de ces contraintes, on se dit que " l'Ă©valuabilitĂ© " des politiques publiques pourrait ĂȘtre un critĂšre Ă  considĂ©rer lors de la mise en oeuvre de rĂ©formes

    La méthode des vignettes expérimentales : applications aux questions de discriminations

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    Cette prĂ©sentation vise Ă  dĂ©crire les caractĂ©ristiques et les spĂ©cificitĂ©s de la mĂ©thode des vignettes expĂ©rimentales appliquĂ©e aux questions de discrimination en Ă©conomie. Cette mĂ©thode permet de prĂ©ciser les positions normatives d’un Ă©chantillon reprĂ©sentatif d’individus Ă  l’égard de ces comportements prohibĂ©s par la loi et d’identifier les Ă©lĂ©ments qui influencent leurs positions : la nature et les consĂ©quences de la discrimination, le coĂ»t d’un comportement non discriminatoire, l’environnement social, le comportement des autres agents. Les rĂ©sultats issus de trois campagnes de vignettes menĂ©es entre 2018 et 2021 seront exposĂ©s pour illustrer cette prĂ©sentation. Elles portent sur les Ă©lĂ©ments qui influencent l’opinion de population amĂ©ricaine, europĂ©enne et française Ă  l’égard de comportements discriminatoires directs et indirects sur le marchĂ© du travail et sur celui du logement
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