The digital twin synchronization problem: Framework, formulations, and analysis

As the adoption of digital twins increases steadily, it is necessary to determine how to operate them most effectively and efficiently. In this article, the digital twin synchronization problem is introduced and defined formally. Frequent synchronizations would increase cost and data traffic congestion, whereas infrequent synchronizations would increase the bias of the predictions and yield wrong decisions. This work defines the synchronization problem variants in different contexts. To discuss the problem and its solution, the problem of determining when to synchronize an unreliable production system with its digital twin to minimize the average synchronization and bias costs is formulated and analyzed analytically. The state-independent, state-dependent, and full-information solutions have been determined by using a stochastic model of the system. Solving the synchronization problem using simulation is discussed, and an approximate policy is proposed. Our results show that the performance of the state-dependent policy is close to the optimal solution that can be obtained with full information and significantly better than the performance of the state-independent policy. Furthermore, the approximate periodic state-dependent policy yields near-optimal results. To operate digital twins more effectively, the digital twin synchronization problem must be considered and solved to determine the optimal synchronization policy

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus oncoprotein K13 protects against B cell receptor induced growth arrest and apoptosis through NF-κB activation

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) has been linked to the development of Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). We have characterized the role of KSHV-encoded viral FLICE inhibitory protein K13 in the modulation of anti-IgM induced growth arrest and apoptosis in B cells. We demonstrate that K13 protects WEHI 231, an immature B cell line, against anti-IgM induced growth arrest and apoptosis. The protective effect of K13 was associated with the activation of the NF-κB pathway and was deficient in its mutant, K13-58AAA, and a structural homolog, vFLIP E8, which lack NF-κB activity. K13 upregulated the expression of NF-κB subunit RelB and blocked the anti-IgM induced decline in c-Myc and rise in p27(Kip1) that have been associated with growth arrest and apoptosis. K13 also upregulated the expression of Mcl-1, an anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl2 family. Finally, K13 protected the mature B cell line Ramos against anti-IgM induced apoptosis through NF-κB activation. Inhibition of anti-IgM induced apoptosis by K13 may contribute to the development of KSHV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders

Awareness and Utilization of Library Resources and Services by the Students of Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur Campus - A Study

The educational system\u27s support for education and research includes the library and information center, which significantly influences how people teach, learn, and conduct research. The present research investigated the extent to which undergraduate and postgraduate students from various departments at Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning (SSSIHL), Anantapur Women\u27s Campus, make use of library resources for their academic purposes. The objective of this research is to assess the library resources, services, and facilities available at Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning (SSSIHL), specifically at Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh. A comprehensive dataset was obtained from a group of 150 students who participated in the online survey and submitted full responses. The study\u27s result found that the majority of participants 32.67 percent visited the library twice a week. Mostly use the library to obtain books and reference materials, and the resources offered by the library. Approximately 62.67% of the participants visit the library to borrow books and read the competitive materials, and 59.33% of them used the OPAC search tool to find required documents in the library. Furthermore, a significant number of respondents (94.67 percent) consistently relied on subject textbooks for their academic needs. However, the study concluded that the extent of library resource utilization does not have a significant impact on students\u27 academic performance. Based on the study\u27s findings, several recommendations were proposed to enhance library usage. The most prominent suggestion was to acquire more current and pertinent information sources for the library, ensuring that students have access to the latest research and educational materials

Bebidas para praticantes de atividades físicas: repositores hidroeletrolíticos.

bitstream/item/75069/1/pub-200.pd

Integrated fruit production-enhancing production, quality, and safety of fruit production and packing of mango in Brazil as a model.

Objectives and principles of integrated production; Implementation of the integrated fruit production to mangos in Brazil

Estimativas da diversidade genética de acessos de Paspalum spp. com ouso de marcadores microssatélites.

Editores técnicos: João de Mendonça Naime, Caue Ribeiro, Maria Alice Martins, Elaine Cristina Paris, Paulino Ribeiro Villas Boas, Ladislau Marcelino Rabello

Cerebral pressure autoregulation and carbon dioxide reactivity during propofol-induced EEG suppression

We studied cerebral pressure autoregulation and carbon dioxide reactivity during propofol-induced electrical silence of the electroencephalogram (EEG) in 10 patients. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2.5 mg kg−1, fentanyl 3 μg kg−1 and vecuronium 0.1 mg kg−1, and a propofol infusion of 250-300 μg kg−1 min−1 was used to induce EEG silence. Cerebral pressure autoregulation was tested by increasing mean arterial pressure (MAP) by 24 (SEM 5) mm Hg from baseline with an infusion of phenylephrine and simultaneously recording middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (vmca) using transcranial Doppler. Carbon dioxide reactivity was tested by varying Paco2 between 4.0 and 7.0 kPa and recording vmca simultaneously. Although absolute carbon dioxide reactivity was reduced, relative carbon dioxide reactivity was within normal limits for all patients studied (mean 8.5 (SEM 0.8) cm s−1 kPa−1 and 22 (2)% kPa−1, respectively). No significant change in vmca (34 (2) and 35 (2) cm s−1) was observed with the increase in MAP (77 (4) to 101 (4) mm Hg) during autoregulation testing. We conclude that cerebral carbon dioxide reactivity and pressure autoregulation remain intact during propofol-induced isoelectric EE