Reciprocal complementation of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 lacking either the membrane or fusion gene

Two defective bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) strains were generated, one lacking the membrane (M) protein gene and expressing EGFP (ΔM-EGFP) and the other lacking the fusion (F) protein gene and expressing mStrawberry (ΔF-mSB), by supplying deficient proteins in trans. When Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells were co-infected with ΔM-EGFP and ΔF-mSB at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1, complemented viruses were easily obtained. Complemented viruses grew as efficiently as wild-type BPIV3 and could be passaged in MDBK cell cultures even at an MOI of 0.01, possibly due to multiploid virus particles containing genomes of both ΔM-EGFP and ΔF-mSB. This reciprocal complementation method using two defective viruses would be useful to express large or multiple proteins in cell cultures using paramyxovirus vectors

5MHz PWM-controlled current-mode resonant DC-DC converter using GaN-FETs

In this paper, the method of the realization of a MHz level switching frequency DC-DC converter for high power-density is presented. For high power-density, Gallium Nitride field effect transistor (GaN-FET) and current-mode resonant DC-DC converter are adopted. In addition, the proposed pulse width modulation (PWM) control method which is suitable for the isolated current-mode resonant DC-DC converter operated at MHz level switching frequency, and the novel primary-side zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn on method for the proposed PWM control are presented. Some experiments have been done with 5MHz isolated DC-DC converter which has GaN-FET, and the total volume of the circuit is 16.14cm3. With the proposed PWM control method, input voltage range is 36-44V, and maximum load current range is 8A at Vi = 44V. The primary-side ZVS turn on is confirmed, and the maximum power-efficiency is 89.4%.7th International Power Electronics Conference, IPEC-Hiroshima - ECCE Asia 2014; Hiroshima; Japan; 18 May 2014 through 21 May 201

High frequency PWM-controlled current-mode resonant DC-DC converter with boost conversion

In this paper, a new pulse width modulation (PWM) control method for the isolated current-mode resonant converter with a fixed switching frequency is presented. The circuit topology is the same as a conventional resonant converter with synchronous rectification and without any additional components. The control technique for the output voltage regulation is proposed with the unique PWM control for synchronously-rectifying switches. By using the transformer\u27s leakage inductance and the PWM control, the boost conversion can be realized. Also, the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) operation can be done for primary switches, simultaneously. Some experiments have been done with 5MHz isolated DC-DC converter which has Gallium Nitride field effect transistor (GaN-FET).2013 15th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, EPE 2013; Lille; France; 2 September 2013 through 6 September 201

Five-Megahertz PWM-Controlled Current-Mode Resonant DC?DC Step-Down Converter Using GaN-HEMTs

High power efficiency and high power density are required in regulated isolated dc-dc converters. In this paper, a novel pulsewidth modulation (PWM) control method that is suitable for an isolated current-mode resonant dc-dc converter operated at a megahertz-level switching frequency is proposed. The output voltage with the proposed method can be regulated with no additional components at a fixed switching frequency. In addition, the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of primary-side switches at turn on can be maintained. The principle of the proposed method and the method of the ZVS operation in the proposed method are explained. Some experiments have been performed with a 5-MHz isolated step-down dc-dc converter using gallium nitride high-electron-mobility transistors; the output voltage is 12 V, and the total volume of the circuit is 16.14 cm3. With the proposed PWM control method, the input voltage range is 42-45.5 V, and the maximum load current range is 10 A at Vi = 45.5 V. The ZVS of the primary-side switches at turn on is confirmed in all experimental regions, and the maximum power efficiency is 89.2%

Synaptotagmin 2 is ectopically overexpressed in excitatory presynapses of a widely used CaMKΙΙα-Cre mouse line

The CaMKΙΙα-Cre mouse lines, possibly the most used Cre lines in neuroscience, have resulted in over 800 articles to date. Here, we demonstrate that the second most widely used CaMKΙΙα-Cre line, Tg(Camk2a-cre)2Gsc (or CamiCre), shows ectopic overexpression of synaptotagmin 2, the most efficient Ca2+ sensor for fast synchronous neurotransmitter release, in excitatory presynapses of Cre+ brains. Moreover, the upregulation of immediate-early genes and genes incorporated in bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenes, such as L-proline transporter Slc6a7, was found in Cre+ hippocampus. The copy number and integration site of the transgene are suggested to have caused the aberrant gene expression in Cre+ brains. Most importantly, CamiCre+ mice showed functional phenotypes, such as hyperactivity and enhanced associative learning, suggesting that neural activities are affected. These unexpected results suggest difficulties in interpreting results from studies using the CamiCre line and raise a warning of potential pitfalls in using Cre driver lines in general

Discrete Integrable Systems and Hodograph Transformations Arising from Motions of Discrete Plane Curves

We consider integrable discretizations of some soliton equations associated with the motions of plane curves: the Wadati-Konno-Ichikawa elastic beam equation, the complex Dym equation, and the short pulse equation. They are related to the modified KdV or the sine-Gordon equations by the hodograph transformations. Based on the observation that the hodograph transformations are regarded as the Euler-Lagrange transformations of the curve motions, we construct the discrete analogues of the hodograph transformations, which yield integrable discretizations of those soliton equations.Comment: 19 page

A Galactic Dust Devil: far-infrared observations of the Tornado Supernova Remnant candidate

We present complicated dust structures within multiple regions of the candidate supernova remnant (SNR) the `Tornado' (G357.7-0.1) using observations with Spitzer and Herschel. We use Point Process Mapping, PPMAP, to investigate the distribution of dust in the Tornado at a resolution of 8", compared to the native telescope beams of 5-36". We find complex dust structures at multiple temperatures within both the head and the tail of the Tornado, ranging from 15 to 60K. Cool dust in the head forms a shell, with some overlap with the radio emission, which envelopes warm dust at the X-ray peak. Akin to the terrestrial sandy whirlwinds known as `Dust Devils', we find a large mass of dust contained within the Tornado. We derive a total dust mass for the Tornado head of 16.7 solar masses, assuming a dust absorption coefficient of kappa_300 =0.56m^2 kg^1, which can be explained by interstellar material swept up by a SNR expanding in a dense region. The X-ray, infra-red, and radio emission from the Tornado head indicate that this is a SNR. The origin of the tail is more unclear, although we propose that there is an X-ray binary embedded in the SNR, the outflow from which drives into the SNR shell. This interaction forms the helical tail structure in a similar manner to that of the SNR W50 and microquasar SS433.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures + 3 appendix figures. Accepted to be published in MNRA