Somatic embryogenesis from filaments of Vitis vinifera L. and Vitis labruscana Bailey

Research NoteSomatic embryogenesis from filaments of grape was investigated. The combination of 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1 μM N-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-N’-phenylurea (TDZ) or 10 μM 2,4-D and 10 μM TDZ was suitable for somatic embryogenesis from filaments. The filaments of 8 grape cultivars including recalcitrant genotypes were cultured on a half strength MS basal medium supplemented with 1 μM 2,4-D and 1 μM TDZ. Two-step culture (liquid medium followed by solid medium) gave better results for somatic embryogenesis than one-step culture (solid medium only). Induction of embryogenic callus (EC) was achieved with 5 of 8 cultivars including recalcitrant ones by the two-step culture method, indicating that the filament culture enlarges the number of the EC inducible cultivars.

Quadrupole Moments of Neutron-Deficient 20,21^{20, 21}Na

The electric-quadrupole coupling constant of the ground states of the proton drip line nucleus $^{20}$Na($I^{\pi}$ = 2$^{+}$, $T_{1/2}$ = 447.9 ms) and the neutron-deficient nucleus $^{21}$Na($I^{\pi}$ = 3/2$^{+}$, $T_{1/2}$ = 22.49 s) in a hexagonal ZnO single crystal were precisely measured to be $|eqQ/h| = 690 \pm 12$ kHz and 939 $\pm$ 14 kHz, respectively, using the multi-frequency $\beta$-ray detecting nuclear magnetic resonance technique under presence of an electric-quadrupole interaction. A electric-quadrupole coupling constant of $^{27}$Na in the ZnO crystal was also measured to be $|eqQ/h| = 48.4 \pm 3.8$ kHz. The electric-quadrupole moments were extracted as $|Q(^{20}$Na)$|$ = 10.3 $\pm$ 0.8 $e$ fm$^2$ and $|Q(^{21}$Na)$|$ = 14.0 $\pm$ 1.1 $e$ fm$^2$, using the electric-coupling constant of $^{27}$Na and the known quadrupole moment of this nucleus as references. The present results are well explained by shell-model calculations in the full $sd$-shell model space.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physics Letters

Hard X-Ray Spectrum from West Lobe of Radio Galaxy Fornax A Observed with Suzaku

An observation of the West lobe of radio galaxy Fornax A (NGC 1316) with Suzaku is reported. Since Feigelson et al. (1995) and Kaneda et al. (1995) discovered the cosmic microwave background boosted inverse-Comptonized (IC) X-rays from the radio lobe, the magnetic field and electron energy density in the lobes have been estimated under the assumption that a single component of the relativistic electrons generates both the IC X-rays and the synchrotron radio emission. However, electrons generating the observed IC X-rays in the 1 -- 10 keV band do not possess sufficient energy to radiate the observed synchrotron radio emission under the estimated magnetic field of a few micro-G. On the basis of observations made with Suzaku, we show in the present paper that a 0.7 -- 20 keV spectrum is well described by a single power-law model with an energy index of 0.68 and a flux density of 0.12+/-0.01 micro-Jy at 1 keV from the West lobe. The derived multiwavelength spectrum strongly suggests that a single electron energy distribution over a Lorentz factor gamma = 300 - 90000 is responsible for generating both the X-ray and radio emissions. The derived physical quantities are not only consistent with those reported for the West lobe, but are also in very good agreement with those reported for the East lobe.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures; accepted for publication in PASJ (Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan) Suzaku 3rd special issue: TYPOS in flux density unit were correcte