Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1: replication, proliferation and propagation by Tax and HTLV-1 bZIP factor.

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) spreads primarily by cell-to-cell transmission. Therefore, HTLV-1 promotes the proliferation of infected cells to facilitate transmission. In HTLV-1 infected individuals, the provirus is present mainly in effector/memory T cells and Foxp3+ T cells. Recent study suggests that this immunophenotype is acquired by infected cells through the function of HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ). Tax, which is encoded by the plus strand, is crucial for viral replication and de novo infection, while HBZ, encoded by the minus strand, is important for proliferation of infected cells. Importantly, HBZ and Tax have opposing functions in most transcription pathways. HBZ and Tax cooperate in elaborate ways to permit viral replication, proliferation of infected cells and propagation of the virus

Publicidad e imagen de destino : sitios web oficiales de turismo de los estados de Brasil

No contexto da pesquisa realizada pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Turismo da Universidade de Brasília, este artigo enfoca o processo de construção da imagem do lugar turístico e as estratégias publicitárias utilizadas na promoção de destinos por meio dos sites oficiais de turismo das unidades da Federação Brasileira. A internet - uma ferramenta cada vez mais importante na promoção turística - não é explorada adequadamente, em prejuízo da imagem do destino e da oferta de novas oportunidades. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTIn the context of the research carried out by the Graduate Program in Tourism of Universidade de Brasília, this paper focuses on the process of fostering the image of the tourist site and the advertising strategies used for the promotion of destinations through the official tourism sites of the Brazilian Federation units. The internet - an increasingly important tool in tourism promotion - is not properly explored, damaging the image of the destination and the offering of new opportunities. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMENEn el contexto de la investigación llevada a cabo por el Programa de Postgrado en Turismo de la Universidade de Brasília, este artículo enfoca el proceso de construcción de la imagen del lugar turístico y las estrategias publicitarias utilizadas en la promoción de los destinos a través de los sitios oficiales de turismo de las unidades de la Federación Brasileña. La internet - una herramienta cada vez más importante en la promoción turística - no es explorada adecuadamente, dañando la imagen del destino y la oferta de nuevas oportunidades

金微結晶をドープした酸化物膜のゾル-ゲル法による作製と物性に関する研究

本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである京都大学0048新制・論文博士博士(工学)乙第9845号論工博第3335号新制||工||1116(附属図書館)UT51-98-G444(主査)教授 曾我 直弘, 教授 小久保 正, 教授 横尾 俊信学位規則第4条第2項該当Doctor of EngineeringKyoto UniversityDFA

A importância da imagem no processo de escolha da destinação turística

Monografia (especialização)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Excelência em Turismo, 2004.O desenvolvimento crescente da indústria turística e o conseqüente aumento da competitividade entre as destinações tornam necessária a busca pela diferenciação. Nessa busca, até mesmo a iniciativa privada, mas principalmente os órgãos públicos do turismo brasileiro investem em fatores primordiais como infra-estrutura, mas não reconhecem um dos mais importantes aspectos na escolha da destinação: sua imagem. Prova disso é a falta de estudos sobre o assunto no Brasil. Portanto, esse trabalho busca a compreensão do que é imagem de uma destinação, o processo de decisão do turista, a importância da imagem, como ela é formada e como ela pode ser medida.The increasing tourist industry development and the consequent competitiveness increase among the destinations make the efforts to differentiation necessary. In this search, both private initiative, but mainly Brazilian tourism public agencies invest in primordial factors such as infra-structure, but they do not recognize one of the most important aspects in the destination choice: its image. The lack of studies on the subject in Brazil attests this fact. Therefore, this work looks at the understanding of the destination image concepts, the tourist decision process, image importance, how it is formed and as how it can be measured

Marketing turístico e internet : uma análise dos sites oficiais de turismo dos estados brasileiros

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Centro de Excelência em Turismo, Mestrado Profissional em Turismo, 2009.O Turismo é um dos fenômenos mais significativos do mundo contemporâneo, exercendo influência direta no desenvolvimento econômico, social, político e ambiental de diversos países e das regiões nele inseridos. Com o crescimento da atividade e do número de turistas, houve um conseqüente aumento da competição entre os destinos que, em busca de vantagem competitiva, passaram a utilizar ferramentas de marketing para atrair e reter clientes, entre elas, a Internet. O advento da grande rede tornou o turista online mais exigente e informado na tomada de decisão de compra. Desse modo, é imprescindível para qualquer destino estar presente na Internet, sendo o website o primeiro passo nessa direção. A presente pesquisa propôs um novo instrumento de análise de sites turísticos, adaptado à realidade do Plano Nacional de Turismo 2007-2010: uma viagem de inclusão e à realidade dos Estados brasileiros, e analisou qualitativamente os sites oficiais de turismo das 27 Unidades da Federação brasileira. Ao final, concluiu-se que, apesar da Internet ser uma ferramenta cada vez mais importante na promoção turística, os Estados brasileiros não a tem explorado adequadamente, apresentando sites de difícil acesso, que pouco exploram os recursos da web e suas possibilidades mercadológicas e que possuem conteúdo limitado, prejudicando sua imagem e deixando de aproveitar a possibilidade de atrair mais turistas. Desse modo, a pesquisa detalhou profundamente a situação dos websites dos Estados brasileiros, apresentando sugestões de melhoras para os mesmos, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de políticas mais efetivas para a promoção e o desenvolvimento do turismo no Brasil. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTTourism is one of the contemporary world’s most significant phenomena, influencing directly on economic, social, political and environmental development performance of different countries and their regions. As the activity grows and the number of tourists increases, so it does also in competition between destinations, which, in search of competitive advantage, become to use marketing tools to attract and retain customers, including Internet. The advent of the World Wide Web made online visitors more exigent and informed about purchasing decision. Thus, being on the Internet is essential to any destination and creating a website is the first step in that direction. This research proposed a new instrument for the analysis of tourist sites, adapted to the reality of the Brazilian National Tourism Plan 2007-2010: a journey towards inclusion and to the reality of the Brazilian states, and then qualitatively analyzed the official tourism sites of 27 states of the Brazilian Federation. By the end, it was concluded that, although the Internet is an increasingly important tool in promoting tourism, Brazilian states have not adequately explored it, showing sites with difficult access, which do not explore the resources of the web and its marketing possibilities, and have limited content, damaging its image and losing the opportunity to attract more tourists. Thus, this research deeply detailed the Brazilian states websites situation, presenting suggestions for improvements to them, and contributing for more effective policies for promoting and Brazilian tourism development

ATF3, an HTLV-1 bZip factor binding protein, promotes proliferation of adult T-cell leukemia cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive malignancy of CD4⁺T-cells caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). The <it>HTLV-1 bZIP factor </it>(<it>HBZ</it>) gene, which is encoded by the minus strand of the viral genome, is expressed as an antisense transcript in all ATL cases. By using yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) as an HBZ-interacting protein. ATF3 has been reported to be expressed in ATL cells, but its biological significance is not known.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed that ATF3 interacts with HBZ. Expression of ATF3 was upregulated in ATL cell lines and fresh ATL cases. Reporter assay revealed that ATF3 could interfere with the HTLV-1 Tax's transactivation of the 5' proviral long terminal repeat (LTR), doing so by affecting the ATF/CRE site, as well as HBZ. Suppressing ATF3 expression inhibited proliferation and strongly reduced the viability of ATL cells. As mechanisms of growth-promoting activity of ATF3, comparative expression profiling of ATF3 knockdown cells identified candidate genes that are critical for the cell cycle and cell death, including cell division cycle 2 (CDC2) and cyclin E2. ATF3 also enhanced p53 transcriptional activity, but this activity was suppressed by HBZ.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Thus, ATF3 expression has positive and negative effects on the proliferation and survival of ATL cells. HBZ impedes its negative effects, leaving ATF3 to promote proliferation of ATL cells via mechanisms including upregulation of CDC2 and cyclin E2. Both HBZ and ATF3 suppress Tax expression, which enables infected cells to escape the host immune system.</p

近赤外線スペクトロスコピーを用いた発症早期の統合失調症における自殺企図に関連する脳血流動態の特徴

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学准教授 金生 由紀子, 東京大学講師 湯本 真人, 東京大学教授 川上 憲人, 東京大学准教授 中冨 浩文, 東京大学准教授 清水 潤University of Tokyo(東京大学

Ultra-high temperature Soret effect in a silicate melt: SiO2 migration to cold side

The Soret effect, temperature gradient driven diffusion, in silicate melts has been investigated intensively in the earth sciences from the 1980s. The SiO2 component is generally concentrated in the hotter region of silicate melts under a temperature gradient. Here, we report that at ultra-high temperatures above approximately 3000 K, SiO2 becomes concentrated in the colder region of the silicate melts under a temperature gradient. The interior of an aluminosilicate glass (63.3SiO2-16.3Al2O3-20.4CaO(mol%)) was irradiated with a 250 kHz femtosecond laser pulse for local heating. SiO2 migrated to the colder region during irradiation with an 800 pulse (3.2 ms irradiation). The temperature analysis indicated that migration to the colder region occurred above 3060 K. In the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulation, SiO2 migrated to the colder region under a temperature gradient, which had an average temperature of 4000 K; this result supports the experimental result. SiO2 exhibited a tendency to migrate to the colder region at 2400 K in both the NEMD and experimental study. The second-order like phase transition was observed at ~ 2000-3400 K when calculated using MD without a temperature gradient. Therefore, the second-order phase transition could be related to the migration of SiO2 to colder region. However, the detailed mechanism has not been elucidated