Non-strange partner of strangeonium-like state Y(2175)

Inspired by the observed Y(2175) state, we predict its non-strange partner Y(1915), which has a resonance structure with mass around 1915 MeV and width about $317\sim 354$ MeV. Experimental search for Y(1915) is proposed by analyzing the $\omega f_0(980)$ or $\omega \pi\pi$ invariant mass spectrum of the $e^+e^-\to \omega f_0(980), \omega \pi\pi$ and $J/\psi\to \eta \omega f_0(980)$ processes, which are accessible at Belle, BaBar, BESIII and forthcoming BelleII. Considering similarity between two families, the comparison of the mass spectra of $\omega$ and $\phi$ families can provide important information on the 1D state of $\phi$ family, $\phi(1910)$, which has a very broad resonance structure with mass around 1910 MeV regarded as the strangeonium partner of $\omega(1650)$. This also answers the question why the 1D state $\phi(1910)$ is still missing in experiment. This is supported by our former study on the properties of Y(2175), which explains Y(2175) as the 2D strangeonium because our theoretical total width is comparable with the Belle data.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures. More discussions and numerical results added. Typos correcte

Reduced-order Models of Power Systems based on Controllability and Observability

Reduced-order models for dynamic control of power systems are formulated using a modal analysis technique, based on the notion of controllability and observability. In this technique, an input/ouutput index is used to identify and rank the strongly controllable and observable modes of the system given a particular input/output pair. The system state variables that are strongly related to the retained modes are then determined by analysis of a participation factor martrix. Davison's method of reducing linear systems is then applied to formulate the desired reduced order dynamic equivalent. This technique of forming dynamic equivalents is investigated on a single machine infinite bus system. Several reduced order model equivalents are formed and evaluated on their performance and accuracy

From scene flow to visual odometry through local and global regularisation in markov random fields

We revisit pairwise Markov Random Field (MRF) formulations for RGB-D scene flow and leverage novel advances in processor design for real-time implementations. We consider scene flow approaches which consist of data terms enforcing intensity consistency between consecutive images, together with regularisation terms which impose smoothness over the flow field. To achieve real-time operation, previous systems leveraged GPUs and implemented regularisation only between variables corresponding to neighbouring pixels. Such systems could estimate continuously deforming flow fields but the lack of global regularisation over the whole field made them ineffective for visual odometry. We leverage the GraphCore Intelligence Processing Unit (IPU) graph processor chip, which consists of 1216 independent cores called tiles, each with 256 kB local memory. The tiles are connected to an ultrafast all-to-all communication fabric which enables efficient data transmission between the tiles in an arbitrary communication pattern. We propose a distributed formulation for dense RGB-D scene flow based on Gaussian Belief Propagation which leverages the architecture of this processor to implement both local and global regularisation. Local regularisation is enforced for pairs of flow estimates whose corresponding pixels are neighbours, while global regularisation is defined for flow estimate pairs whose corresponding pixels are far from each other on the image plane. Using both types of regularisation allows our algorithm to handle a variety of in-scene motion and makes it suitable for estimating deforming scene flow, piece-wise rigid scene flow and visual odometry within the same system

Can we grow certified eucalypt plantations in subtropical Australia? An insect pest management perspective

In the past few years several Australia forestry companies have set in place procedures for certification in sustainable forest management (Forest Stewardship Council and Australian Forestry Standard). Eucalypt plantation forestry in sub-tropical New South Wales and Queensland is substantially different from that in temperate southern Australia, with currently the majority of plantations grown for long-rotation sawlogs, and a range of tree species different from that planted for pulp in southern Australia. Also, the major insect pests in this region are multivoltine and active for much of the year, due to the warmer climate and the short milder winters, compared to shorter periods of activity of larvae of any one species of mostly univoltine insects in temperate Australia. Insect pest management strategies currently used in Australia include tree improvement, improved site-species matching, and chemical control, mostly using an integrated pest management approach. Monitoring is essential for correct timing of insecticide application but, due to limited resources, forestry companies in Australia struggle to monitor effectively for multiple insect pests over extended periods of insect activity. Because of the relative immaturity of the plantation industry in subtropical Australia, and the sensitivity over the use of chemical insecticides by Government forestry organisations (the major growers), little research has been conducted on establishing integrated pest management strategies. In contrast, such strategies, including regular monitoring and chemical control, have been developed in temperate Australia. There are regional issues for cost-effective management of insect pests in relation to certification, including targeted use of slow-release systemic insecticides and future development of insect-active pheromones, kairomones, and synomones. There are many areas that require further research before forest companies in subtropical Australia will be able to sustain forest certification over the long term

Temporal and vertical variations of aerosol physical and chemical properties over West Africa: AMMA aircraft campaign in summer 2006

While the Sahelian belt in West Africa stretches in the border between the global hot-spots of mineral dust and biomass burning aerosols, the presence of West African Monsoon is expected to create significant vertical and temporal variations in the regional aerosol properties through transport and mixing of particles from various sources (mineral dust, biomass burning, sulfates, sea salt). In order to improve our understanding of the evolution of the aerosol-cloud system over such region across the onset of the summer monsoon, the French ATR-42 research aircraft was deployed in Niamey, Niger (13°30' N, 02°05' E) in summer 2006, during the three special observation periods (SOPs) of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) project. These three SOPs covered both dry and wet periods before and after the onset of the Western African Monsoon. <br><br> State of the art physico-chemical aerosol measurements on the ATR-42 showed a notable seasonal transition in averaged number size distributions where (i) the Aitken mode is dominating over the accumulation mode during the dry season preceding the monsoon arrival and (ii) the accumulation mode increasingly gained importance after the onset of the West African monsoon and even dominated the Aitken mode after the monsoon had fully developed. The parameters for the mean log-normal distributions observed in respective layers characterized by the different wind regimes (monsoon layer, SAL, free troposphere) are presented, together with the major particle compositions found in the accumulation mode particles. Thereby, results of this study should facilitate radiative transfer calculations, validation of satellite remote sensors, and detailed transport modeling by partners within and outside the AMMA community. <br><br> Extended analysis of the chemical composition of single aerosol particles by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) coupled to an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) revealed dominance of mineral dust (aluminosilicate) even in the submicron particle size range during the dry period, gradually replaced by prevailing biomass burning and sulfate particles, after the onset of the monsoon period. The spatial and temporal evolution from SOP1 to SOP2a1 and SOP2a2 of the particle physical and chemical properties and associated aerosol hygroscopic properties are remarkably consistent

Increase of the aerosol hygroscopicity by aqueous mixing in a mesoscale convective system: a case study from the AMMA campaign

International audienceAerosol properties were measured during an airborne campaign experiment that took place in July 2006 in West Africa within the framework of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA). The goal of the present study was to determine the main microphysical processes that affect the aerosols during the passage of a mesoscale convective system (MCS) over the region of Niamey in Niger. A main difference in the aerosol profiles measured before and after the passage of the MCS was found for a layer located between 1300 and 3000 m where the aerosol concentration has drastically decreased after the passage of the MCS. Concurrently, a significant increase of the cloud condensation nuclei fraction was also observed during the post-MCS period in the same layer. Moreover, the results of the elemental composition analyses of individual particles collected in this layer after the MCS passage have shown higher contributions of sulfate, nitrate and chloride to the total aerosol. A mesoscale atmospheric model with on-line dust parameterization and Lagrangian backtrajectories was used to interpret the impact of the MCS on the aerosol properties. The results of the simulation show that the MCS 1) generates dust particles at the surface in front of the system and washout particles behind, 2) modifies the aerosol mixing state through cloud processing, and 3) enhances CCN activity of particles through the coating of soluble material

Anthropogenic and forest fire pollution aerosol transported to the Arctic: observations from the POLARCAT-France spring campaign

During the POLARCAT-France airborne measurement campaign in spring 2008, several pollution plumes transported from mid-latitude regions were encountered. The study presented here focuses on air masses from two different geographic origins (Europe and Asia) and from 2 different source types (anthropogenic pollution and forest fires). One case study analyses an European air mass, which was sampled during three consecutive day. Modelling of the aerosol particle ageing by coagulation suggests that coagulation cannot solely explain the evolution of the size distributions, which is particularly true for the accumulation mode. Analyses of the aerosol refractory size distributions indicate that the Aitken mode was mostly composed of volatile compounds, while accumulation mode particles desorbed to a refractory mode yielding a modal mean diameter evolving from 48 to 59 nm for the three consecutive days of sampling the same air mass. The single refractory mode suggests an internally mixed aerosol population which is supported from electron microscopy and subsequent EDX analyses of the accumulation mode particles. Another case study focuses on European air masses polluted by fire emissions and Asian air masses with contributions from both biomass burning and anthropogenic emissions. On the one hand, the aerosol size distributions of the European biomass burning plumes are almost mono-modal with most of the particles found in the aged accumulation mode which desorbed uniformly. On the other hand, Asian air masses were more complex because of the mixing of different source contributions related to more variable and multimodal ambient and refractory aerosol size distributions. Electron microscopy illustrated soot-like inclusions in several samples. Within samples attributed to forest fire sources, the chemical signature is highly associated with the presence of potassium, which is characteristic for biomass burning plumes. The particle images suggest an internal mixing of sampled aerosol particles