Panorama das notificações de eventos adversos e queixas técnicas em máscaras

Introduction: In the daily routine of Health Professionals, mainly in the midst of the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic, facemasks are important devices; however, there is no post market control for these products. Objective: Evaluate the Adverse Events (AE) and Technical Complaints (TC) related to  facemasks and respirators, to list and categorize the public health problems involving these products. Method: Cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective and documental study with a quantitative approach, including data from January 2010 to May 2020 available in the Notivisa system. The analyzed data had national coverage and were reclassified, when necessary, according to their category (EA or QT). Results: 443 notifications were included in the study containing 519 claims (AE and TC). The data distribution on the analized decade presented an accentuated decrease; the Southeast region had the highest prevalence of claims in Brazil. Most of the notifying companies were health establishments and the highest prevalence of health events found were Adverse Events that affected the user when fixing strips and nose clips (such as detachment of the nose clip and breaking of the fixation straps during use),  indicating serious biosecurity problems. Conclusions: This study characterized the Adverse Events and the Technical Complaints in facemasks focusing on health promotion and indicating the necessity of sanitary monitoring  improvement of the products.Introdução: No cotidiano dos profissionais de saúde, principalmente no enfrentamento à pandemia do SARS-CoV-2, as máscaras são artigos de suma importância, porém não existe programa de controle de pós-comercialização para tais produtos. Objetivo: Avaliar os eventos adversos (EA) e as queixas técnicas (QT) de máscaras dos tipos cirúrgicas e respiradores, a fim de elencar e categorizar os problemas de saúde pública envolvendo o produto. Método: Estudo transversal, descritivo, retrospectivo, documental com abordagem quantitativa, englobando dados de janeiro de 2010 a maio de 2020 disponibilizados no sistema Notivisa. Osdados analisados tiveram abrangência nacional que foram reclassificados, quando necessário, acerca da sua categoria (EA ou QT). Resultado: Incluiu-se 443 notificações no estudo, que continham no total 519 reclamações (EA e QT). A distribuição dos dados na década analisada apresentou acentuado decréscimo, sendo a Região Sudeste do país a com maior prevalência de notificações no Brasil. A maior parte das empresas notificantes foram estabelecimentos de saúde, valendo destacar que a maior prevalência de eventos de saúde encontrados para este produto foram EA relacionados a problemas que afetavam o usuário nas tiras de fixação e clipe nasal dos produtos (como  desprendimento do clipe nasal e rompimento das tiras de fixação durante o uso) indicando graves indícios de problemas de biossegurança em sua utilização. Conclusões: A pesquisa caracterizou os EA e as QT de máscaras com enfoque na promoção da saúde, indicando a necessidade da implantação do monitoramento sanitário dos produtos

Características termorreguladoras de diferentes linhagens de suínos na microrregião do Alto Médio Gurguéia

Objetivou-se avaliar as características termorreguladoras de diferentes linhagens de suínos em diferentes períodos climáticos (PC1 - quente e seco e PC2 - ameno e úmido) na microrregião região do alto médio Gurguéia. Foram utilizados suínos Agroceres (n = 7) e Dan Breed (n = 7). A frequência respiratória (FR) e temperatura retal (TR) foram coletadas nos horários de 7-8 e 14-15 h, quatro vezes em cada período climático. Nos mesmos dias e horários foram mensuradas a temperatura ambiente (TA), umidade relativa do ar (UR) e temperatura de globo negro (TGN) e, a partir destas foi calculado o índice de temperatura de globo e umidade (ITGU). A média geral da FR no PC1 foi de 58.73 (7-8 h) e 81.00 mov/mim(14-15 h). Para TR foi de 38.60 (7-8 h) e 37.81 ºC (14-15 h). E PC2 para FR de 46.45 (7-8 h) e 50.96 mov/mim(14-15 h) e para TR de 38.34 (7-8 h) e de 37.65 ºC (14-15 h). Quanto às duas linhagens, Agroceres e Dan Breed, nessa ordem, a média da TR foi 38.53 e 38.68 ºC e FR de 57.66 e 60.91 mov/mim. O ambiente de pesquisa está fora da zona de conforto para suínos, e apesar da TR estar dentro dos limites fisiológicos, a FR esteve quase sempre acima dos limites fisiológicos demonstrando estresse dos animais

AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE MICROBIOLÓGICA DE MILHOS BRANCO E AMARELO PARA PRODUÇÃO DE RAÇÃO ANIMAL

A produção do milho no Brasil iniciou por volta da década de 1970, porém em pequena escala. Como o milho é um cereal de grande valor energético tanto para a alimentação humana quanto animal, surgiu então, a necessidade de produção em larga escala. Nossa pesquisa tem como base analisar a qualidade microbiológica do milho utilizado como matéria-prima na produção de ração, com base em análise de Bacillus sp, Bolores e Leveduras, e Mesófilos de amostras de milho branco e milho amarelo. Foram coletadas amostras de milho branco e amarelo de um produtor rural com propriedade na cidade de Videira-SC. Os grãos foram transportadas para o Laboratório de Microbiologia da Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina – Videira. Para análise microbiológica foram realizadas contagens de Bacillus a 30°C, Mesófilos a 35°C, Bolores e leveduras a 25°C. Todas as análises foram realizadas em duplicatas. Todas as amostras apresentaram valores abaixo do permitido em relação aos parâmetros microbiológicos analisados. Conclui-se que as amostras indicativas estavam dentro dos padrões legais vigentes.Palavras-chave: Qualidade Microbiológica. Milho Branco. Milho Amarelo

Antileishmanial Activity of Medicinal Plants Used in Endemic Areas in Northeastern Brazil

This study investigates the leishmanicidal activity of five species of plants used in folk medicine in endemic areas of the state of Alagoas, Brazil. Data were collected in the cities of Colonia Leopoldina, Novo Lino, and União dos Palmares, Alagoas state, from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (Leishmania amazonensis) who use medicinal plants to treat this disease. Plants extracts were tested at a concentration of 1–100 μg/mL in all experiments, except in an assay to evaluate activity against amastigotes, when 10 μg/mL was used. All plants extracts did not show deleterious activity to the host cell evidenced by LDH assay at 100, 10, and 1 μg/mL after 48 h of incubation. The plants extracts Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit, Aloe vera L., Ruta graveolens L., Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen, and Chenopodium ambrosioides L. exhibited direct activity against extracellular forms at 100 μg/mL; these extracts inhibited growth by 81.9%, 82.9%, 74.4%, 88.7%, and 87.4%, respectively, when compared with promastigotes. The plants extracts H. pectinata, A. vera, and R. graveolens also significantly diminished the number of amastigotes at 10 μg/mL, inhibiting growth by 85.0%, 40.4%, 94.2%, and 97.4%, respectively, when compared with control. Based on these data, we conclude that the five plants exhibited considerable leishmanicidal activity

A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ