DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL E QUALIDADE DE MUDAS DE Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. SOB DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE SOMBREAMENTO

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509821061The gallery forests are being fragmented, leading to loss of its high diversity, becoming indispensable studies assessing the environmental performance of their tree species. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the production of seedlings Copaifera langsdorffii is influenced by ambient light, higher quality and initial development at intermediate light levels. Plants were tested in full sun, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% shading in order to evaluate the number of leaves, height and diameter at 60, 90, 120 and 191 days after emergence (DAE) and dry root and shoot biomass and Dickson quality index (DQI) at the end of the experiment (191 DAE). The effect of shading levels was analyzed by means of regression analysis. The plants showed good growth plasticity at different levels of lightness, but with better development and quality (IQD) at 50% shade, corroborating the hypothesis tested. The excessive lightness or shading should be avoided to ensure the production of more vigorous seedlings of C. langsdorffii. Thus, production of seedlings of this species under 50% shade is recommended to promote their quality and possibly ensure better survival in the field.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509821061As florestas de galeria vêm sendo fragmentadas, levando à perda de sua elevada diversidade, tornando-se imprescindíveis estudos que avaliem o comportamento ecológico de suas espécies arbóreas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo testar a hipótese de que a produção de mudas de Copaifera langsdorffii é influenciada pela luminosidade do ambiente, apresentando maior qualidade e desenvolvimento inicial em níveis intermediários de luz. As plantas foram testadas em pleno sol, 30%, 50%, 70% e 90% de sombreamento, avaliando-se número de folhas, altura e diâmetro aos 60, 90, 120 e 191 dias após a emergência (DAE) e massa seca aérea e radicular e, índice de qualidade de Dickson ao final do experimento (191 DAE). O efeito dos níveis de sombreamento foi analisado por meio de análise de regressão. As plantas apresentaram boa plasticidade de crescimento nos diferentes níveis de luminosidade, mas com melhor desenvolvimento e qualidade (IQD) em 50% de sombreamento, corroborando a hipótese testada. A luminosidade ou sombreamento excessivo devem ser evitados para garantir a produção de mudas mais vigorosas de C. langsdorffii. Assim, recomenda-se a produção de mudas desta espécie sob 50% de sombreamento para favorecer a sua qualidade e possivelmente garantir melhor sobrevivência em campo

INITIAL DEVELOPMENT AND QUALITY OF SAPLINGS OF Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SHADING

As florestas de galeria v\ueam sendo fragmentadas, levando \ue0 perda de sua elevada diversidade, tornando-se imprescind\uedveis estudos que avaliem o comportamento ecol\uf3gico de suas esp\ue9cies arb\uf3reas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo testar a hip\uf3tese de que a produ\ue7\ue3o de mudas de Copaifera langsdorffii \ue9 influenciada pela luminosidade do ambiente, apresentando maior qualidade e desenvolvimento inicial em n\uedveis intermedi\ue1rios de luz. As plantas foram testadas em pleno sol, 30%, 50%, 70% e 90% de sombreamento, avaliando-se n\ufamero de folhas, altura e di\ue2metro aos 60, 90, 120 e 191 dias ap\uf3s a emerg\ueancia (DAE) e massa seca a\ue9rea e radicular e, \uedndice de qualidade de Dickson ao final do experimento (191 DAE). O efeito dos n\uedveis de sombreamento foi analisado por meio de an\ue1lise de regress\ue3o. As plantas apresentaram boa plasticidade de crescimento nos diferentes n\uedveis de luminosidade, mas com melhor desenvolvimento e qualidade (IQD) em 50% de sombreamento, corroborando a hip\uf3tese testada. A luminosidade ou sombreamento excessivo devem ser evitados para garantir a produ\ue7\ue3o de mudas mais vigorosas de Copaifera langsdorffii. Assim, recomenda-se a produ\ue7\ue3o de mudas desta esp\ue9cie sob 50% de sombreamento para favorecer a sua qualidade e possivelmente garantir melhor sobreviv\ueancia em campo.The gallery forests are being fragmented, leading to loss of its high diversity, becoming indispensable studies assessing the environmental performance of their tree species. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the production of seedlings Copaifera langsdorffii is influenced by ambient light, higher quality and initial development at intermediate light levels. Plants were tested in full sun, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% shading in order to evaluate the number of leaves, height and diameter at 60, 90, 120 and 191 days after emergence (DAE) and dry root and shoot biomass and Dickson quality index (DQI) at the end of the experiment (191 DAE). The effect of shading levels was analyzed by means of regression analysis. The plants showed good growth plasticity at different levels of lightness, but with better development and quality (IQD) at 50% shade, corroborating the hypothesis tested. The excessive lightness or shading should be avoided to ensure the production of more vigorous seedlings of Copaifera langsdorffii. Thus, production of seedlings of this species under 50% shade is recommended to promote their quality and possibly ensure better survival in the field

Regeneração de espécies lenhosas sob a influência do bambu Actinocladum verticillatum (Nees) McClure ex Soderstr. (Poaceae) em cerradão e cerrado típico na transição Cerrado-Amazônia

In this study, we analyzed and compared the floristic composition, species richness and diversity, and structure of the natural regeneration of two phytophysiognomies (savanna forest and typical cerrado) under the effect of natural clumps of the bamboo Actinocladum verticillatum (Nees) McClure ex Soderstr. at the Bacaba City Park, Nova Xavantina municipality (Mato Grosso state, Brazil). In each phytophysiognomy, we established 15 contiguous plots in a bamboo-free control site (NB) and 15 in a site densely occupied by bamboos (WB). The natural regeneration and the woody vegetation (WV, diameter ≥ 3 cm at 30 cm above ground) were sampled in plots of 1 x 1 m, 2 x 2 m, 5 x 5 m (natural regeneration) and 10 x 10 m (WV). In the natural regeneration, we found 55 species in the savanna forest (NB = 49, WB = 34) and 76 in the typical cerrado (NB = 68, WB = 51). Overall, the NB sites from both phytophysiognomies had the highest values of species diversity, evenness and abundance of individuals, which indicates a possible interference of the clumps with the structure of the natural regeneration. The occurrence of Brosimum gaudichaudii Trécul and Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC at most stages of regeneration highlights their potential for the recovery of lands occupied by these clumps.No presente estudo foram analisadas e comparadas a composição florística, riqueza, diversidade de espécies e a estrutura da regeneração natural em duas fitofisionomias (cerradão e cerrado típico) sob o efeito de adensamentos naturais do bambu Actinocladum verticillatum (Nees) McClure ex Soderstr. no Parque Municipal do Bacaba, Nova Xavantina-MT. Em cada fitofisionomia foram alocadas 15 parcelas contíguas em um sítio controle, com ausência completa de bambu (SB) e 15 em um sítio com bambu (CB). A regeneração natural e a vegetação lenhosa (VL, ≥ 3 cm de diâmetro a 30 cm do solo) das duas fitofisionomias foram amostradas em parcelas de 1 x 1 m, 2 x 2 m, 5 x 5 m (regeneração natural) e 10 x 10 m (VL). Foram encontradas, na regeneração natural, 55 espécies no cerradão (SB = 49 e CB = 34) e 76 no cerrado típico (SB = 68 e CB = 51). De forma geral, os sítios SB nas duas fitofisionomias detiveram os maiores valores de diversidade de espécies, equabilidade e abundância de indivíduos, o que indica possível interferência dos adensamentos na estrutura da regeneração natural. A ocorrência de Brosimum gaudichaudii Trécul e Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC. na maioria dos estádios da regeneração, reforça o potencial dessas espécies na recuperação de áreas ocupadas por estes adensamentos.

Biochar no manejo de nitrogênio e fósforo para a produção de mudas de angico

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of biochar applied together with the macronutrients N and P, for the formation of substrate, on the growing of angico (Anadenanthera colubrina) seedlings for forest restoration. The experiments were conducted in a forest nursery, in a completely randomized block design. Interactions were studied between increasing concentrations of biochar and of N as urea, and between concentrations of biochar and P as superphosphate, added to a Yellow Oxisol. Seedling patterns of growth, quality, and nutrition were determined, and the results were subjected to the study of polynomial regression (response surface). The interaction between biochar and N favored leaf nutrition and leaf‑concentration of Mg of angico seedlings; however, it did not influence plant growth. Angico seedlings subjected to the application of biochar and P showed higher nutrition and nutrient use efficiency of Ca and K. Biochar application with N and P to the substrate shows potential for the production of quality seedlings, which favors the success of practices for forest restoration in regions with low soil fertility and subjected to water stress periods.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de biochar aplicado com os macronutrientes N e P, para a formação de substratos, no desenvolvimento de mudas de angico (Anadenanthera colubrina) para a restauração florestal. Os experimentos foram realizados em viveiro florestal, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Estudaram-se interações entre concentrações crescentes de biochar e de N, na forma de ureia, e de biochar e P, na forma de superfosfato simples, adicionados a Latossolo Amarelo.Determinaram-se os parâmetros de crescimento, qualidade e nutrição das mudas, e os resultados foram submetidos ao estudo de regressão polinomial (superfície de resposta). A interação entre biochar e N beneficiou a qualidade e a concentração foliar de Mg das mudas de angico, apesar de não influenciar o crescimento das plantas. As mudas de angico submetidas à aplicação de biochar e P mostraram maior qualidade e eficiência de uso dos nutrientes Ca e K. A adição de biochar ao substrato, junto com N e P, apresenta potencial de uso para a produção de mudas de qualidade, o que favorece o sucesso de práticas de restauração florestal em regiões com baixa fertilidade do solo e sujeitas a períodos de estresse hídrico

Pantropical modelling of canopy functional traits using Sentinel-2 remote sensing data

Funding Information: This work is a product of the Global Ecosystems Monitoring (GEM) network (gem.tropicalforests.ox.ac.uk). J.A.G. was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC; NE/T011084/1 and NE/S011811/1) and the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) under the Rubicon programme with project number 019.162LW.010. The traits field campaign was funded by a grant to Y.M. from the European Research Council (Advanced Grant GEM-TRAIT: 321131) under the European Union‘s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), with additional support from NERC Grant NE/D014174/1 and NE/J022616/1 for traits work in Peru, NERC Grant ECOFOR (NE/K016385/1) for traits work in Santarem, NERC Grant BALI (NE/K016369/1) for plot and traits work in Malaysia and ERC Advanced Grant T-FORCES (291585) to Phillips for traits work in Australia. Plot setup in Ghana and Gabon were funded by a NERC Grant NE/I014705/1 and by the Royal Society-Leverhulme Africa Capacity Building Programme. The Malaysia campaign was also funded by NERC GrantNE/K016253/1. Plot inventories in Peru were supported by funding from the US National Science Foundation Long-Term Research in Environmental Biology program (LTREB; DEB 1754647) and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Andes-Amazon Program. Plots inventories in Nova Xavantina (Brazil) were supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Long Term Ecological Research Program (PELD), Proc. 441244/2016-5, and the Foundation of Research Support of Mato Grosso (FAPEMAT), Project ReFlor, Proc. 589267/2016. During data collection, I.O. was supported by a Marie Curie Fellowship (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF-327990). GEM trait data in Gabon was collected under authorisation to Y.M. and supported by the Gabon National Parks Agency. D.B. was funded by the Fondation Wiener-Anspach. W.D.K. acknowledges support from the Faculty Research Cluster ‘Global Ecology’ of the University of Amsterdam. M.S. was funded by a grant from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (INTER-TRANSFER LTT19018). Y.M. is supported by the Jackson Foundation. We thank the two anonymous reviewers and Associate Editor G. Henebry for their insightful comments that helped improved this manuscript.Peer reviewedPostprin