The relationship between managers’ leadership styles and motivation

The relationship between leadership styles, which managers practice, and their motivation, which drives them in accomplishing their organizational goals, is analyzed in this paper. For this purpose, on the sample of 40 Croatian managers, it is determined which is the dominant leadership style (by using the Likert’s system) and to which degree it is applied at a particular management level. Subsequently, in accordance with Herzberg’s two factor theory, the motivational influence on particular leadership style, considering management level, is being analyzed from the aspect of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation

Određivanje anafore kod djece i odraslih: analiza pokreta očiju

This eye–tracking study uses the visual world paradigm to explore the anaphora resolution strategies in children and adults. The pro–drop feature of Croatian was used to indicate the switch in topic while visual cues on the accompanying pictures provided different contexts. The results suggest that both children and adults rely more on visual cues, but when these cues are not available, the two groups behave differently. Adults tend to choose the Agent as the antecedent, while children’s behaviour is unclear as they perform at chance. These results are in line with similar studies in Italian and Spanish regarding the pro–drop feature as an indicator of the change in topic, as well as with French and Greek studies regarding developmental changes in the reliance on linguistic and non–linguistic information.Metoda vizualne paradigme metoda je u kojoj se jezična informacija ispitaniku prikazuje istovremeno vizualnim i slušnim kanalom. U vezu dovodi usmjerenje ispitanikove pažnje i slušno predstavljenu jezičnu informaciju. U ovome su se istraživanju proučavale strategije koje odrasli govornici hrvatskoga i djeca upotrebljavaju kako bi odredili antecedent anafore. Eksperiment se sastojao od dviju rečenica i odgovarajuće slike. Prva je rečenica uvodila dva referenta i zajedničku radnju. Druga je dala dodatnu informaciju koja je odgovarala sadržaju vizualnog ključa (»Unuk je pozvao djeda da zajedno beru šljive. Na glavu je stavio kapu da se zaštiti od sunca.«, s kapom kao vizualnim ključem). Manipuliralo se informacijskom strukturom i vizualnim kontekstom. Promjena u informacijskoj strukturi rečenice temeljila se na pro–drop obilježju hrvatskoga, tj. promjenu u topikalizaciji signalizirala je uporaba zamjenice (»On je na glavu stavio kapu...«). Vizualni je ključ bio na jednom od referenata ili na obama, tj. nije bio dostupan. Rezultati analize pokreta očiju pokazali su s jedne strane da u prisutnosti vizualnoga ključa razlike u određivanju antecedenta anafore među skupinama ispitanika nema: u tome se slučaju i odrasli ispitanici i djeca vode upravo njime. S druge strane, u odsutnosti vizualnoga ključa odrasli se govornici više oslanjaju na informacijsku strukturu, dok ponašanje djece ne otkriva posebnu strategiju. Pro–drop obilježje hrvatskoga nije se pokazalo značajnim ni u jednome eksperimentalnom uvjetu. U pogledu razlike u informacijskoj strukturi signalizirane uporabom zamjenice ti se rezultati mogu usporediti sa sličnim istraživanjima u talijanskome i španjolskome jeziku. U pogledu razlika između odraslih i djece rezultati su u skladu s onima iz istraživanja u grčkome i francuskome

Psychosocial factors of emotional adaptation in women with breast cancer

Rak dojke je najčešća vrsta raka kod žena, kako u svijetu, tako i u Republici Hrvatskoj te je bilo relevantno istražiti kakav pogled one imaju na svoju bolest (rak dojke) kroz neke psihosocijalne čimbenike. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati psihosocijalne čimbenike emocionalne prilagodbe u žena oboljelih od raka dojke odnosno ispitivan je stupanj percepcije bolesti, pozitivnih i negativnih emocionalnih doživljaja te socijalne podrške kod istih. Istraživanje je provedeno unutar udruge ˝Sve za nju˝ na uzorku od 102 sudionice. Za procjenu je korišten upitnik koji se sastojao od četiri dijela: opći podaci, Upitnik percepcije bolesti (Broadbent, Petrie, Main i Weinman, 2005), Skala pozitivnih i negativnih emocija (Diener, Wirtz, Tov, Kim-Prieto, Choi, Oishi i Biswas-Diener, 2010) te Ljestvica za procjenu stupnja socijalne podrške (Abbey, Abramis i Caplan, 1985). Rezultati su pokazali kako žene oboljele od raka dojke smatraju da liječenje pomaže kod bolesti te dobro razumiju svoju bolest. Također, pokazuju da pozitivnih emocionalnih doživljaja imaju više nego negativnih te da imaju visoku socijalnu podršku. Rezultati linerane regresije pokazali su se značajni u predviđanju kriterija, odnosno promatrane prediktorske varijable, socijalna podrška, emocionalna i kognitivna percepcija bolesti, objašnjavaju ukupno 35% varijance varijable pozitivnih emocionalnih doživljaja te 39% varijance negativnih emocionalnih doživljaja. Koeficijenti korelacije pokazuju da je socijalna podrška povezana s pozitivnim i negativnim emocionalnim doživljajima i emocionalnom percepcijom bolesti, odnosno više socijalne podrške znači manje negativnih doživljaja, a bolju emocionalnu percepciju bolesti i više pozitivnih doživljaja. Dobiveni rezultati moći će se koristiti za poboljšanje psihološke pomoći oboljelim ženama.Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women, both in the world and in the Republic of Croatia, and it was relevant to investigate the kind of view they have on their disease (breast cancer) through some psychosocial factors. The aim of the research was to examine the psychosocial factors of emotional adaptation in women with breast cancer, ie the degree of perception of the disease, the positive and the negative emotional experiences and the social support of the same. The research was conducted within the "All for Her" association on a sample of 102 participants. A four-part questionnaire was used for the assessment: general data, Disease Perception Questionnaire (Broadbent, Petrie, Main and Weinman, 2005), Positive and Negative Emotional Scale (Diener, Wirtz, Tov, Kim-Prieto, Choi, Oishi and BiswasDiener, 2010) and the Social Assistance Assessment Scheme (Abbey, Abramis and Caplan, 1985). The results showed that women suffering from breast cancer believe that treatment helps the disease and understand well their illness. They also show that there experience more positive emotional experiences than negative and have high social support. The results of linear regression analyis have been shown to be significant in predicting the criteria, ie observed predictor variables, social support, emotional and cognitive perception of the disease, explaining a total of 35% variance of positive emotional variables and 39% variance of negative emotional experiences. Correlation coefficients show that social support is associated with positive and negative emotional experiences and emotional perception of disease or more social support means less negative experiences, better emotional perception of illness and more positive experiences. The results obtained will be used to improve psychological assistance to affected women

USPOREDNA ANALIZA POSLOVANJA PODUZEĆA IZ BRODOGRAĐEVNE DJELATNOSTI U RH : završni rad

Tema ovog rada je usporedna analiza poslovanja poduzeća iz brodograđevne djelatnosti u RH. Brodogradnja je od iznimne važnosti za Republiku Hrvatsku jer je riječ o tradicionalnoj djelatnosti visoke kapitalne i tehnološke intenzivnosti te pokretaču razvoja. Financijska kriza je imala dvojaki utjecaj na brodogradnju: smanjenje potražnje za brodovima (kao rezultat pada proizvodnje i trgovine u svijetu) i ne mogućnost dobivanja financijske potpore koja prati ovu djelatnost – kredita od banaka. Cilj je bio na temelju financijskih izvještaja prikazati ocjenu i uspješnost poslovanja te financijski položaj poduzeća. Na provedenoj analizi može se zaključiti da stanje nije zadovoljavajuće. Skoro svaki pokazatelj je pokazao opadajući trend kroz razdoblje od 2011 do 2014 godine. Osim likvidnosti koja je promjenjiva za sva 3 poduzeća. Prihodi su u porastu ali i s njima rashodi, a imovina sporo cirkulira što može biti posljedica lošeg upravljanja.The topic of this paper is Comparative analysis of companies in shipbuilding industries in Croatia. The companies shares are listed on Zagrebačka burza. Shipbuilding is very important for Croatia because of it's tradition of high capital and technological intensity and development. Financial crisis had a two way affect on shipbuilding: less demand for ships (as a result of low productivity and sales in the world) and not being able to get a financial support from banks. The main goal was to show a financial success and grade on financial statements. On behalf of this analysis the grade on financial statements isn't satisfying. Almost every indicator had an decreasing trend from 2011 until 2014, except liquidity which was very variable for all three companies. Revenue was geting high along with expenses, and assets were slowly circulating which can be a result of lousy management

Characteristics of Eye Movements and Models of Reading Based on the Use of Eye-Tracking

U posljednjih su nekoliko desetljeća razvijene brojne metode s ciljem rasvjetljavanja mehanizama jezične obrade. Ugrubo se mogu podijeliti na metode koje se provode u odgođenom i u stvarnom vremenu (u ovome će se radu koristiti izvorni engleski izrazi off-line i on-line), pri čemu ih razlikuje način primjene te vrsta i obilježja podataka koje pružaju. Metoda praćenja pokreta očiju (engl. eye-tracking) danas se smatra jednom od najboljih metoda za proučavanje jezične obrade. Ona daje uvid u procese kognitivne obrade u stvarnom vremenu, a za razliku od off-line, ali i nekih on-line metoda, npr. metode mjerenja evociranih potencijala ili funkcionalne magnetske rezonancije, naročito je pogodna za istraživanje procesa koji se protežu u vremenu. Budući da je utemeljena na pretpostavkama koje povezuju fiziološku razinu kontrole pokreta oka s kognitivnim procesima koji su u pozadini, a pritom je i neinvazivna, danas je ovo sve zastupljenija metoda u proučavanju procesa vezanih za jezičnu obradu. Glavni je cilj ovog rada dati kratki pregled metoda istraživanja jezične obrade s posebnim naglaskom na on-line metodu praćenja pokreta očiju, predstaviti obilježja pokreta očiju tijekom čitanja te pružiti prikaz nekih od danas najaktualnijih modela čitanja. Iako se jezična obrada može proučavati i putem čitanja i putem slušanja, za potrebe ovog rada naglasak je stavljen na paradigmu čitanja.Over the last few decades many methods for studying the underlying mechanisms of language processing have been developed. They can roughly be divided into off-line and on-line methods, and differences between them involve how they are carried out, as well as the type and characteristics of data they provide. The eye-tracking method is considered one of the best methods for studying language processing. It provides insights into cognitive processes in real time. As opposed to off-line, and also some on-line methods, i.e. cognitive evoked potentials or functional magnetic resonance, it is especially suitable for studying processes that spread over time. Considering the fact that it is based on assumptions that connect the physiological level of eye movement control with the underlying cognitive processes, and is also non invasive, it is becoming more and more present when it comes to studying language processing. The main aim of this paper was to provide a brief overview of the methods for studying language processing with special emphasis on the on-line eye-tracking method, to introduce the characteristics of eye movements during reading and to present some of the most influential models of reading. Even though language processing in eye-tracking can be studied through either reading or listening, for the purpose of this paper the emphasis has been put on the reading paradigm

Psychosocial factors of emotional adaptation in women with breast cancer

Rak dojke je najčešća vrsta raka kod žena, kako u svijetu, tako i u Republici Hrvatskoj te je bilo relevantno istražiti kakav pogled one imaju na svoju bolest (rak dojke) kroz neke psihosocijalne čimbenike. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati psihosocijalne čimbenike emocionalne prilagodbe u žena oboljelih od raka dojke odnosno ispitivan je stupanj percepcije bolesti, pozitivnih i negativnih emocionalnih doživljaja te socijalne podrške kod istih. Istraživanje je provedeno unutar udruge ˝Sve za nju˝ na uzorku od 102 sudionice. Za procjenu je korišten upitnik koji se sastojao od četiri dijela: opći podaci, Upitnik percepcije bolesti (Broadbent, Petrie, Main i Weinman, 2005), Skala pozitivnih i negativnih emocija (Diener, Wirtz, Tov, Kim-Prieto, Choi, Oishi i Biswas-Diener, 2010) te Ljestvica za procjenu stupnja socijalne podrške (Abbey, Abramis i Caplan, 1985). Rezultati su pokazali kako žene oboljele od raka dojke smatraju da liječenje pomaže kod bolesti te dobro razumiju svoju bolest. Također, pokazuju da pozitivnih emocionalnih doživljaja imaju više nego negativnih te da imaju visoku socijalnu podršku. Rezultati linerane regresije pokazali su se značajni u predviđanju kriterija, odnosno promatrane prediktorske varijable, socijalna podrška, emocionalna i kognitivna percepcija bolesti, objašnjavaju ukupno 35% varijance varijable pozitivnih emocionalnih doživljaja te 39% varijance negativnih emocionalnih doživljaja. Koeficijenti korelacije pokazuju da je socijalna podrška povezana s pozitivnim i negativnim emocionalnim doživljajima i emocionalnom percepcijom bolesti, odnosno više socijalne podrške znači manje negativnih doživljaja, a bolju emocionalnu percepciju bolesti i više pozitivnih doživljaja. Dobiveni rezultati moći će se koristiti za poboljšanje psihološke pomoći oboljelim ženama.Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women, both in the world and in the Republic of Croatia, and it was relevant to investigate the kind of view they have on their disease (breast cancer) through some psychosocial factors. The aim of the research was to examine the psychosocial factors of emotional adaptation in women with breast cancer, ie the degree of perception of the disease, the positive and the negative emotional experiences and the social support of the same. The research was conducted within the "All for Her" association on a sample of 102 participants. A four-part questionnaire was used for the assessment: general data, Disease Perception Questionnaire (Broadbent, Petrie, Main and Weinman, 2005), Positive and Negative Emotional Scale (Diener, Wirtz, Tov, Kim-Prieto, Choi, Oishi and BiswasDiener, 2010) and the Social Assistance Assessment Scheme (Abbey, Abramis and Caplan, 1985). The results showed that women suffering from breast cancer believe that treatment helps the disease and understand well their illness. They also show that there experience more positive emotional experiences than negative and have high social support. The results of linear regression analyis have been shown to be significant in predicting the criteria, ie observed predictor variables, social support, emotional and cognitive perception of the disease, explaining a total of 35% variance of positive emotional variables and 39% variance of negative emotional experiences. Correlation coefficients show that social support is associated with positive and negative emotional experiences and emotional perception of disease or more social support means less negative experiences, better emotional perception of illness and more positive experiences. The results obtained will be used to improve psychological assistance to affected women

Fulfillment of the child’s participation rights in the family and the child's psychosocial adjustment: children’s and parents’ views

European families have been undergoing changes in power relations among the family members, including democratization of relations between parents and children. These processes were facilitated by the implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), ratified in Croatia in 1991. This study examines perceived fulfillment of the provision, protection and participation rights of the child within contemporary Croatian families. In addition, it explores the links between participation rights fulfillment and children’s perception of a democratic climate in their families, as well as some indicators of children’s psychosocial adjustment. In 2010, a representative sample of 1074 seventh grade students (thirteen-year-olds) and their parents (983 mothers and 845 fathers) provided the data on measures of the child’s rights fulfillment in the family, family governing style, self-esteem, self-control, problem behaviour and resistance efficacy. Participants predominantly report respect of all of the examined rights. However, the provision rights and the protection rights are generally realized more often than the participation rights. Approximately a half of the children reported full respect of their right to freely express their opinions and ideas, and the right to influence decision making that affects them. In 9-12% of families children never or rarely experience fulfillment of their participation rights. Assessments of the ‘governing style’ in their families reveal that over a quarter of children see their families as dictatorships, anarchies, or post-revolutionary states. Higher participation rights fulfillment was linked with perceiving own family as a democracy, the child’s report of higher self-esteem and fewer behavior problems, more frequently resisting peer pressure to use substances (cigarettes, alcohol), as well as with the parent’s report of greater child’s self-control. Parents, in comparison to their children, tend to overestimate the level of fulfillment of children’s rights to protection of physical integrity, dignity, participation in decision-making and to receiving loving care. (IN CROATIAN: Europske obitelji proživljavaju promjene u pogledu odnosa moći između članova obitelji, uključujući demokratizaciju odnosa između roditelja i djece. Te je procese olakšala primjena Konvencije o pravima djeteta UN-a (1989.) koju je Hrvatska ratificirala 1991. godine. Ova studija analizira percipiranu realizaciju prava djeteta na skrb, zaštitu i participaciju unutar modernih hrvatskih obitelji. Osim toga, istražuje veze između realizacije participatornih prava i dječje percepcije demokratske klime u njihovim obiteljima, kao i neke pokazatelje psihosocijalne prilagodbe djece. U 2010. godini na reprezentativnom uzorku od 1074 učenika sedmog razreda osnovne škole (trinaestogodišnjaka) i njihovih roditelja (983 majke i 845 očeva) dobiveni su podatci o mjerama realizaciji prava djece u obitelji, upravljačkom stilu u obitelji, samopoštovanju, samokontroli, problematičnom ponašanju i djelotvornosti otpora. Sudionici uglavnom izvješćuju o poštivanju svih analiziranih prava. Ipak, prava na skrb i zaštitu općenito se realiziraju češće od participatornih prava. Oko polovice djece izvješćuje o potpunom poštivanju njihovog prava da slobodno izraze svoja mišljenja i ideje, kao i pravo da utječu na donošenje odluka koje utječu na njih. U 9-12% obitelji djeca nikada ili rijetko doživljavaju ispunjenje svojih participatornih prava. Procjena ‘upravljačkog stila’ u njihovim obiteljima pokazuje da više od četvrtine djece doživljavaju svoje obitelji kao diktature, anarhije ili post-revolucionarne države. Veća realizacija participatornih prava povezana je s doživljavanjem vlastite obitelji kao demokracije, višim samopoštovanjem djeteta i manje problematičnih ponašanja, češćem odupiranju vršnjačkom pritisku da konzumiraju supstance (cigarete, alkohol), kao i s roditeljskim opažanjem veće samokontrole djeteta, Roditelji, u usporedbi sa svojom djecom, pokazaju tendenciju precjenjivanja razine ispunjenja dječjih prava na zaštitu fizičkog integriteta, dostojanstva, sudjelovanja u odlučivanju i primanju brižne skrbi.

Diagnostic peformance of copeptin in early rule out of acute myocardial infarction in patients with chest pain

Uvod Akutni infarkt miokarda (AIM) kao najopasnija manifestacija ishemijske bolesti srca najčešće nastaje rupturom aterosklerotskog plaka na stijenci koronarne arterije. Kopeptin je predložen kao prognostički marker za različite bolesti i poremećaje u kojima bi mogao pomoći u ranom otkrivanju i dijagnostičkoj točnosti. Cilj istraživanja Cilj je ovog istraživanja ispitati dijagnostičku učinkovitost određivanja kopeptina u akutnom infarktu miokarda (AIM). Nacrt studije Nacrt studije čini presječno istraživanje (prospektivno istraživanje parova). Ispitanici i metode Ispitanici su (N = 73) bili podijeljeni u dvije skupine: ispitanici s NSTEMI AIM-om (N = 37) te kontrolni ispitanici (N = 36). Ispitanicima je uzeta anamneza te im je napravljen EKG. Koncentracije TnI-a izmjerene su kemiluminiscentnom imunoanalizom temeljenoj na LOCI tehnologiji na Dimension ExL s LM analizatorom (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., Newark, USA). Mjerenje koncentracije CK i CKMB-a provedeno je na Beckman Coulter AU 680 analizatoru (Beckman Coulter Inc., Brea, USA) i to CK enzimatskom metodom (Beckman Coulter), a CKMB enzimatskom imunoinhibicijskom metodom (Beckman Coulter). Koncentracije kopeptina izmjerene su heterogenom enzimimunokemijskom metodom (ELISA) na analizatoru Labsystems IEMS Reader MF (LabsystemsOy, Helsinki, Finland). Rezultati su obrađeni statističkim programom (MedCalc Software, Mariakerke, Belgium). Rezultati Vrijednosti medijana za kopeptin i CK nisu se razlikovale među skupinama. Vrijednosti medijana CKMB-a i TnI-a bile su više kod pacijenata s NSTEMI AIM-om u odnosu na kontrolne ispitanike; CKMB: 17ng/L vs. 14ng/L (P = 0,025); TnI: 0,037ng/L vs. 0,009ng/L (P = <0,001). CKMB je u odnosu na kopeptin pokazao bolju specifičnost (88,9% vs. 25,0%), a kopeptin u odnosu na CKMB bolju osjetljivost (96,6% vs. 37,9%) u dijagnostici NSTEMI AIM-a. Zaključak Vrijednosti koncentracija kopeptina nisu serazlikovale među skupinamatako da se kopeptin nije pokazao zadovoljavajućim biljegom za isključivanje NSTEMI AIM-a rano od nastupa simptoma.Introduction Acute myocardial infarction is the most dangerous manifestation of ischemic heart disease and is usually caused by atherosclerotic plaque disruption in the coronary artery wall. Copeptin has been proposed as a prognostic marker in different illnesses and disorders where it may help in early detection and diagnostic accuracy. Objective The aim of this study is to examine the diagnostic efficacy of identifying copeptin in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Study outline The study is organized as a cross-sectional research (prospective pairedresearch). Participants and Methods Participants (N=73) were divided into two groups: patients with NSTEMI AMI (N=37) and controls (N=36). Medical history and ECG were taken for all participants. TroponinI (TnI) concentrations were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay based on LOCI technology on Dimension ExL with LM analyzer (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., Newark, USA). CK and CKMB concentration were measured on the Beckman Coulter AU 680 analyzer (Beckman Coulter Inc., Brea, USA). CK was measured by enzymatic assay (Beckman Coulter) and CKMB by enzymatic immunoinhibitoryassay (Beckman Coulter). Copeptin concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay(ELISA) on the Labsystems IEMS Reader MF (LabsystemsOy, Helsinki, Finland) analyzer. The results were processed by a statistical program (MedCalc Software, Mariakerke, Belgium). Results The median values for the copeptin and CK did not differ between the groups. The median values of CKMB and troponin I were higher in patients with NSTEMI AMI than in control subjects; CK MB: 17 ng/L vs. 14 ng/L (P=0.025); TnI: 0.037 ng/L vs. 0.009 ng/L (P=0.001). CKMB showed a higher specificity compared to copeptin(88.9% versus 25.0%), while copeptinshowedhigher sensitivity compared to CK MB (96.6% versus 37.9%) in NSTEMI AMI diagnosis. Conclusion Copeptinconcentrations did not differ between the two observed groups. Thus, it can be concluded that copeptin did not show satisfactory score for NSTEMI AMI exclusionin early onset of the symptoms