La equivalencia incalculable: el concepto de equivalencia traductora desde la deconstrucción.

La noción de equivalencia es el concepto por excelencia en torno al cual ha girado la Traductología desde sus orígenes (bien explícita o implícitamente). En el presente artículo repasamos la historia de la Traduc - tología en dicha clave. A lo largo de los tiempos, la noción de equivalencia ha servido para justificar la concepción del original como un texto sagrado, del autor como un garante del sentido y de la traducción como un texto subordi - nado. Igualmente, la equivalencia se ha considerado en algunos casos un pilar necesario para sostener el edificio de los estudios sobre traducción en tanto que instrumento de validación de la oportunidad de las traducciones. Desde la deconstrucción, sin embargo, entendido el significado como el resultado de una cadena infinita de reminiscencias que no se deja concretar, el concepto de equivalencia pierde toda su razón de ser

Todo lo que quiso saber sobre ella y no se atrevió a preguntar: Decálogo de la lenga

Domina las laderas y los bosques australes de Patagonia, muestra gran variación en respuesta a los ambientes que habita y devela su historia escondida en el ADN.Fil: Premoli Il'grande, Andrea Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Mathiasen, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin

Dwarf mistletoe-pandora moth interaction and its contribution to ponderosa pine mortality in Arizona

The interaction between Southwestern dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobtum vaginalum subspecies cryptopodum, infestation and defoliation by the pandora moth, Coloradia pandora pandora , on the Kaibab Plateau in Arizona was evaluated. Heavy defoliation of ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa, in 1979 and 1981 resulted in mortality of individual trees in areas of heavy dwarf mistletoe infestation. Postmortem evaluation of ponderosa pines indicated that dead trees had a significantly higher dwarf mistletoe rating than did nearby paired live trees. Of 25 tree pairs evaluated, only two live trees had higher dwarf mistletoe ratings than the paired dead tree. Mean dwarf mistletoe ratings were:live trees 2.9, dead trees 4.6 (6 class dwarf mistletoe rating system). Implications for management of the pandora moth are discussed

Psychometric analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire in Danish patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (The DEFIB-WOMEN study)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), a measure of depressive symptoms, in a large Danish national cohort of patients with heart disease, implanted with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), using item response theory.METHODS: A prospective cohort of patients implanted with an ICD (n=1531; 80.4% men) completed the PHQ-9 at the time of implant. Data were analyzed using two item response theory models, the partial credit model and the generalized partial credit model.RESULTS: The analysis showed disordered response thresholds in eight of nine items for the partial credit model and five of nine items for the generalized partial credit model, indicating that respondents have difficulty discriminating between response options. When collapsing response options 2 and 3, the rescored PHQ-9 had a better fit to both models. The unidimensionality and the precision of the rescored PHQ-9 were confirmed. Items did not have any differential functioning (DIF) across educational level, age, indication for ICD implantation, and severity of heart failure that influence depression outcomes in patients with an ICD. One item exhibited DIF by gender. Three items did not fit the partial credit model, but the generalized partial credit model could be fitted to the full item set.CONCLUSION: The unidimensionality and reliability of the Danish version of the PHQ-9 were confirmed. However, the associated consequences of the number of response options (3-point versus 4-point Likert scale) need to be further examined for the PHQ-9 both as a screening tool and outcome measure.</p

Genetic variation in Nothofagus (subgenus Nothofagus)

El subgénero Nothofagus consiste de cinco especies leñosas que están presentes en diversas asociaciones forestales de los bosques templados de Argentina y Chile. Dadas las variaciones del medio físico se esperan variaciones intraespecíficas estructurales y funcionales con base genética. El análisis del acervo genético de múltiples poblaciones de las distintas especies a escala regional, mediante marcadores nucleares y citoplasmáticos con baja tasa de mutación, permitió resolver las relaciones filogenéticas y reconstruir su historia biogeográfica en Patagonia, respectivamente. Secuencias nucleares ITS mostraron que N. pumilio divergió tempranamente y que N. antarctica resultó ser hermana del grupo monofilético conteniendo las tres especies siempreverdes (N. betuloides, N. dombeyi y N. nitida). Análisis filogeográficos mediante secuencias de ADN del cloroplasto reconstruyeron rasgos antiguos del paisaje del Oligoceno-Mioceno de Patagonia y develaron la existencia de paleohibridaciones. La señal contemporánea provista por polimorfismos isoenzimáticos contribuyó al análisis de patrones espaciales de variación como el efecto del rango geográfico, la formación de clines y ecotipos, las consecuencias genéticas de los disturbios naturales en relación con el modo predominante de regeneración (rebrotante y no-rebrotante) y la hibridación. Estudios en distintos ambientes habitados por N. antarctica y experimentales en jardín común y trasplantes recíprocos de N. pumilio en alturas contrastantes, mostraron que caracteres ecofisiológicos y morfológicos de los individuos son el resultado de selección natural y plasticidad. Las especies del subgénero Nothofagus son linajes antiguos que han desarrollado adaptaciones a lo largo de su historia evolutiva y, por lo tanto, tendrían el potencial de responder a cambios en el clima.Subgenus Nothofagus consists of five woody species that are present in diverse forest associations of temperate forests of Argentina and Chile. Given the variable conditions of the physical environment, structural and functional intraspecific variation with genetic basis is expected. The study of the gene pool of multiple populations of the different species at the regional scale using conserved nuclear and cytoplasm markers resolved the phylogenetic relationships within the subgenus and reconstructed their biogeographic history in Patagonia, respectively. Nuclear ITS sequences showed that N. pumilio diverged earlier and that N. antarctica is sister to the monophyletic group containing the three evergreens (N. betuloides, N. dombeyi, and N. nitida). Phylogeographic analyses based on sequences of chloroplast DNA allowed the reconstruction of ancient features of the Oligocene-Miocene landscape of Patagonia and showed paleohybridizations. The contemporaneous signal yielded by isozyme polymorphisms contributed to the analysis of spatial variation patterns such as the effect of the geographic range, the formation of clines and ecotypes, the genetic consequences of natural disturbances in relation to the predominant regeneration mode (sprouter and nonsprouter), and hybridization. Analysis on distinct habitat types inhabited by N. antarctica and experimental studies under common gardens and reciprocal transplants of N. pumilio at contrasting elevations showed genetic and plastic responses in ecophysiological and morphological characters. Taxa within subgenus Nothofagus are ancient lineages that have developed adaptations throughout their evolutionary history and therefore they may have the potential to respond to changes in climate.Fil: Premoli Il'grande, Andrea Cecilia. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Acosta, María Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Mathiasen, Paula. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Donoso, Claudio. Universidad Austral de Chile; Chil

Pest categorisation of Arceuthobium spp. (non-EU)

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Arceuthobium spp. (non-EU), a well-defined and distinguishable group of parasitic plant species of the family Viscaceae, also known as dwarf mistletoes. These are flowering plants parasitising a wide range of conifers of the families Pinaceae and Cupressaceae. Arceuthobium species (non-EU) are regulated in Council Directive 2000/29/EC (Annex IAI) as harmful organisms whose introduction into the EU is banned. Many Arceuthobium species are recognised, with most dwarf mistletoes native in the New World, and north-western Mexico and the western USA as the centre of diversity for the genus. Only two Arceuthobium species are native (and reported to be present) in the EU (Arceuthobium azoricum and Arceuthobium oxycedrum), which are thus not part of this pest categorisation. Hosts of non-EU dwarf mistletoes include species of the genera Abies, Cupressus, Juniperus, Larix, Picea, Pinus, Pseudotsuga and Tsuga. Most Arceuthobium spp. can parasitise more than one species of conifer host. Dwarf mistletoes could enter the EU via host plants for planting and cut branches, but these pathways are closed. They could establish in the EU, as hosts are widespread and climatic conditions are favourable. They would be able to spread following establishment by human movement of host plants for planting and cut branches, as well as natural spread. Should non-EU dwarf mistletoes be introduced in the EU, impacts can be expected on coniferous woodlands, plantations, ornamental trees and nurseries. The main uncertainties concern (i) the precise distribution and host range of the individual Arceuthobium spp. and (ii) the level of susceptibility of conifers native to Europe. For Arceuthobium spp. (non-EU) as a group of organisms, the criteria assessed by the Panel for consideration as a potential quarantine pest are met, while, for regulated non-quarantine pests, the criterion on the pest presence in the EU is not met