Brave New World: Imperial and Democratic Nation-Building in Britain between the Wars

After WWI, Britain faced a number of challenges as it sought to adapt to domestic conditions of mass democracy whilst maintaining its position in the empire in the face of national independence movements. As politicians at home and abroad sought to legitimise their position, new efforts were made to conceptualise nationality and citizenship, with attempts to engage the public using mass media and greater emphasis on governing in the public interest. Brave New World reappraises the domestic and imperial history of Britain in the inter-war period, investigating how ‘nation building’ was given renewed impetus by the upheavals of the First World War. The essays in this collection address how new technologies and approaches to governance were used to forge new national identities both at home and in the empire, covering a wide range of issues from the representation of empire on film to the convergence of politics and ‘star culture’. The book is an invaluable resource for scholars of British social, political and imperial history, as well as being of interest to the general reader

Biallelic variants in LIG3 cause a novel mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy

none67si: Abnormal gut motility is a feature of several mitochondrial encephalomyopathies, and mutations in genes such as TYMP and POLG, have been linked to these rare diseases. The human genome encodes three DNA ligases, of which only one, ligase III (LIG3), has a mitochondrial splice variant and is crucial for mitochondrial health. We investigated the effect of reduced LIG3 activity and resulting mitochondrial dysfunction in seven patients from three independent families, who showed the common occurrence of gut dysmotility and neurological manifestations reminiscent of mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy. DNA from these patients was subjected to whole exome sequencing. In all patients, compound heterozygous variants in a new disease gene, LIG3, were identified. All variants were predicted to have a damaging effect on the protein. The LIG3 gene encodes the only mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) ligase and therefore plays a pivotal role in mtDNA repair and replication. In vitro assays in patient-derived cells showed a decrease in LIG3 protein levels and ligase activity. We demonstrated that the LIG3 gene defects affect mtDNA maintenance, leading to mtDNA depletion without the accumulation of multiple deletions as observed in other mitochondrial disorders. This mitochondrial dysfunction is likely to cause the phenotypes observed in these patients. The most prominent and consistent clinical signs were severe gut dysmotility and neurological abnormalities, including leukoencephalopathy, epilepsy, migraine, stroke-like episodes, and neurogenic bladder. A decrease in the number of myenteric neurons, and increased fibrosis and elastin levels were the most prominent changes in the gut. Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficient fibres in skeletal muscle were also observed. Disruption of lig3 in zebrafish reproduced the brain alterations and impaired gut transit in vivo. In conclusion, we identified variants in the LIG3 gene that result in a mitochondrial disease characterized by predominant gut dysmotility, encephalopathy, and neuromuscular abnormalities.This work was supported by Telethon Grant GGP15171 to E.B. and R.D.G. and by a donation from Kobe city to the Department of General Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine (K550003302). S.C. was supported by a Dutch Cancer Foundation grant (KWF11011). V.C. and A.M. were supported by the Italian Ministry of Health (“Ricerca Corrente” funding). R.D.G. is the recipient of grants from University of Ferrara (FAR and FIR funds).openBonora, Elena; Chakrabarty, Sanjiban; Kellaris, Georgios; Tsutsumi, Makiko; Bianco, Francesca; Bergamini, Christian; Ullah, Farid; Isidori, Federica; Liparulo, Irene; Diquigiovanni, Chiara; Masin, Luca; Rizzardi, Nicola; Cratere, Mariapia Giuditta; Boschetti, Elisa; Papa, Valentina; Maresca, Alessandra; Cenacchi, Giovanna; Casadio, Rita; Martelli, Pierluigi; Matera, Ivana; Ceccherini, Isabella; Fato, Romana; Raiola, Giuseppe; Arrigo, Serena; Signa, Sara; Sementa, Angela Rita; Severino, Mariasavina; Striano, Pasquale; Fiorillo, Chiara; Goto, Tsuyoshi; Uchino, Shumpei; Oyazato, Yoshinobu; Nakamura, Hisayoshi; Mishra, Sushil K; Yeh, Yu-Sheng; Kato, Takema; Nozu, Kandai; Tanboon, Jantima; Morioka, Ichiro; Nishino, Ichizo; Toda, Tatsushi; Goto, Yu-Ichi; Ohtake, Akira; Kosaki, Kenjiro; Yamaguchi, Yoshiki; Nonaka, Ikuya; Iijima, Kazumoto; Mimaki, Masakazu; Kurahashi, Hiroki; Raams, Anja; MacInnes, Alyson; Alders, Mariel; Engelen, Marc; Linthorst, Gabor; de Koning, Tom; den Dunnen, Wilfred; Dijkstra, Gerard; van Spaendonck, Karin; van Gent, Dik C; Aronica, Eleonora M; Picco, Paolo; Carelli, Valerio; Seri, Marco; Katsanis, Nicholas; Duijkers, Floor A M; Taniguchi-Ikeda, Mariko; De Giorgio, RobertoBonora, Elena; Chakrabarty, Sanjiban; Kellaris, Georgios; Tsutsumi, Makiko; Bianco, Francesca; Bergamini, Christian; Ullah, Farid; Isidori, Federica; Liparulo, Irene; Diquigiovanni, Chiara; Masin, Luca; Rizzardi, Nicola; Cratere, Mariapia Giuditta; Boschetti, Elisa; Papa, Valentina; Maresca, Alessandra; Cenacchi, Giovanna; Casadio, Rita; Martelli, Pierluigi; Matera, Ivana; Ceccherini, Isabella; Fato, Romana; Raiola, Giuseppe; Arrigo, Serena; Signa, Sara; Sementa, Angela Rita; Severino, Mariasavina; Striano, Pasquale; Fiorillo, Chiara; Goto, Tsuyoshi; Uchino, Shumpei; Oyazato, Yoshinobu; Nakamura, Hisayoshi; Mishra, Sushil K; Yeh, Yu-Sheng; Kato, Takema; Nozu, Kandai; Tanboon, Jantima; Morioka, Ichiro; Nishino, Ichizo; Toda, Tatsushi; Goto, Yu-Ichi; Ohtake, Akira; Kosaki, Kenjiro; Yamaguchi, Yoshiki; Nonaka, Ikuya; Iijima, Kazumoto; Mimaki, Masakazu; Kurahashi, Hiroki; Raams, Anja; MacInnes, Alyson; Alders, Mariel; Engelen, Marc; Linthorst, Gabor; de Koning, Tom; den Dunnen, Wilfred; Dijkstra, Gerard; van Spaendonck, Karin; van Gent, Dik C; Aronica, Eleonora M; Picco, Paolo; Carelli, Valerio; Seri, Marco; Katsanis, Nicholas; Duijkers, Floor A M; Taniguchi-Ikeda, Mariko; De Giorgio, Robert

Black internationalism and African and Caribbean intellectuals in London, 1919-1950

During the three decades between the end of World War I and 1950, African and West Indian scholars, professionals, university students, artists, and political activists in London forged new conceptions of community, reshaped public debates about the nature and goals of British colonialism, and prepared the way for a revolutionary and self-consciously modern African culture. Black intellectuals formed organizations that became homes away from home and centers of cultural mixture and intellectual debate, and launched publications that served as new means of voicing social commentary and political dissent. These black associations developed within an atmosphere characterized by a variety of internationalisms, including pan-ethnic movements, feminism, communism, and the socialist internationalism ascendant within the British Left after World War I. The intellectual and political context of London and the types of sociability that these groups fostered gave rise to a range of black internationalist activity and new regional imaginaries in the form of a West Indian Federation and a United West Africa that shaped the goals of anticolonialism before 1950. This dissertation examines the black organizations and other social spaces that brought people of African descent together in London to illustrate how the city functioned, at once, as imperial metropolis and global city, as the administrative center of the British Empire and the nexus of black resistance to racism and imperialism.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 471-480)

Marking Race

This essay sets out a series of proposals regarding how the history of race in late-twentieth-century Britain is understood. The authors seek to expand the frame for discussions of race in this era beyond the history of the New Right, migration controls, and Black Power. Borrowing Omi and Winant’s concept of ‘racial formation’, the authors point to the multiple racial projects operative in late-twentieth-century Britain, and connecting it up to a global imperial and post-imperial geography. Their discussion encompasses issues of structural change and economic management, labour rights, social provision and social control, and political representation. It engages many of the key areas of debate currently driving the research agenda of historians of modern Britain

Degeneracy Loci and Polynomial Equation Solving

Let (Formula presented.) be a smooth, equidimensional, quasi-affine variety of dimension (Formula presented.) over (Formula presented.), and let (Formula presented.) be a (Formula presented.) matrix of coordinate functions of (Formula presented.), where (Formula presented.). The pair (Formula presented.) determines a vector bundle (Formula presented.) of rank (Formula presented.) over (Formula presented.). We associate with (Formula presented.) a descending chain of degeneracy loci of (Formula presented.) (the generic polar varieties of (Formula presented.) represent a typical example of this situation). The maximal degree of these degeneracy loci constitutes the essential ingredient for the uniform, bounded-error probabilistic pseudo-polynomial-time algorithm that we will design and that solves a series of computational elimination problems that can be formulated in this framework. We describe applications to polynomial equation solving over the reals and to the computation of a generic fiber of a dominant endomorphism of an affine space.Fil: Bank, Bernd. Universität zu Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Giusti, Marc. Laboratoire D'informatique de L'ecole Polytechnique; FranciaFil: Heintz, Joos Ulrich. Universidad de Cantabria; España. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Computación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lecerf, Grégoire. Laboratoire D'informatique de L'ecole Polytechnique; FranciaFil: Matera, Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento. Instituto del Desarrollo Humano; ArgentinaFil: Solernó, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigaciones Matemáticas "Luis A. Santaló". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Matemáticas "Luis A. Santaló"; Argentin