L' Atlantique Sud en Littérature: Flux et Reflux

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Increased frequency of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ T regulatory cells in pulmonary Tuberculosis patients undergoing specific treatment and its relationship with their immune-endocrine profile

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem requiring an appropriate cell immune response (IR) to be controlled. Since regulatory T cells (Tregs) are relevant in IR regulation, we analyzed Tregs variations throughout the course of TB treatment and its relationship with changes in immune-endocrine mediators dealing with disease immunopathology. The cohort was composed of 41 adult patients, 20 of them completing treatment and follow-up. Patients were bled at diagnosis (T0) and at 2 (T2), 4 (T4), 6 (T6), and 9 months following treatment initiation. Twenty-four age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCo) were also included. Tregs (flow cytometry) from TB patients were increased at T0 (versus HCo < 0.05), showing even higher values at T2 (versus T0 < 0.01) and T4 (versus T0 < 0.001). While IL-6, IFN-, TGF- (ELISA), and Cortisol (electrochemiluminescence, EQ) were augmented, DHEA-S (EQ) levels were diminished at T0 with respect to HCo, with cytokines and Cortisol returning to normal values at T9. Tregs correlated positively with IFN- ( = 0.868, < 0.05) at T2 and negatively at T4 ( = −0.795, < 0.05). Lowered levels of proinflammatory cytokines together with an increased frequency of Tregs of patients undergoing specific treatment might reflect a downmodulatory effect of these cells on the accompanying inflammation.Fil: Díaz, Ariana. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnológico Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Santucci, Natalia Estefanía. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnológico Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Bongiovanni, Bettina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnológico Rosario; ArgentinaFil: D'attilio, Luciano David. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnológico Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Massoni, Claudia. Provincia de Santa Fe. Ministerio de Salud y Medio Ambiente - Rosario. Hospital Provincial del Centenario; ArgentinaFil: Lioi, Susana. Provincia de Santa Fe. Ministerio de Salud y Medio Ambiente - Rosario. Hospital Provincial del Centenario; ArgentinaFil: Radcliffe, Stella. Provincia de Santa Fe. Ministerio de Salud y Medio Ambiente - Rosario. Hospital Provincial del Centenario; ArgentinaFil: Didoli, Griselda. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Bottasso, Oscar Adelmo. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnológico Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Bay, Maria Luisa. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Inmunología; Argentin

Long-term aquatic training triggers positive electrical alterations and other parameters in adult female rats

Este estudio tuvo el propósito de evaluar las alteraciones eléctricas cardíacas y los resultados sobre la masa corporal, consumo de agua y alimentos, además del peso relacionado a los órganos de las ratas adultas sometidas a un entrenamiento de natación en largo plazo. Se utilizó de ratas Wistar, adultas, saludables, divididas en grupos de n=10, siendo S (sedentarias) y E (entrenadas), las que realizaron el entrenamiento acuático de 60 minutos, tres veces por semana, durante 16 semanas. Se evaluaron el peso corporal (P), el consumo de agua y alimentos, la frecuencia cardiaca (FC), el ángulo del miocardio (SAQRS), los intervalos QRS, QTc y PR y el peso relacionado a las glándulas adrenales, al corazón, al bazo y a los riñones. En el análisis estadístico se empleó el sistema estadístico SPSS versión 17.0; se evaluó la distribución de los datos a través del test de normalidad Kolmogorov-Smirnov. En los datos con distribución paramétrica se empleó el test t Student, en las muestras independientes y en los datos con distribución no paramétrica se aplicó el test Mann-Whitney (pA proposta deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações elétricas cardíacas e os efeitos sobre a massa corporal, consumo hídrico e alimentar, além do peso relativo de órgãos de ratas adultas submetidas a um treinamento de natação em longo prazo. Utilizou-se ratas Wistar adultas, saudáveis e dividas em grupos de n=10, sendo S (sedentárias) e TR (treinadas), que realizaram treinamento aquático de sessenta minutos, três vezes na semana, por 16 semanas. Foram avaliados o peso corporal (P), o consumo hídrico e alimentar, a frequência cardíaca (FC), ângulo do miocárdio (SÂQRS), os intervalos QRS, QTc e PR e o peso relativo dos glândulas adrenais, coração, baço e rins. Para análise estatística, utilizou-se o pacote estatístico SPSS versão 17.0; a distribuição dos dados foi verificada pelo teste de normalidade Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Para os dados com distribuição paramétrica, foi utilizado o teste T de Student, para amostras independentes, e aos dados com distribuição não paramétrica, foi aplicado o teste Mann-Whitney (pThe purpose of this study was to assess cardiac electrical alterations and effects on body weight, water and food consumption, and relative weight of organs of adult female rats submitted to long-term swimming training. We used adult Wistar female rats, healthy, divided into n=10 groups, groups S (sedentary) and TR (trained), which had aquatic training for sixty minutes, three times a week, for 16 weeks. We evaluated body weight (W), water and food consumption, heart rate (HR), myocardial angle (SAQRS), intervals QRS, QTc, and PR, and relative weight of adrenal glands, heart, spleen, and kidneys. For statistical analysis, we used the statistical package "SPSS version 17.0"; data distribution was verified by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test. For data with parametric distribution, we used student's t test for independent samples, while for data with nonparametric distribution we applied Mann-Whitney test (

Stakeholders' perspectives on the operationalisation of the ecosystem service concept : Results from 27 case studies

The ecosystem service (ES) concept is becoming mainstream in policy and planning, but operational influence on practice is seldom reported. Here, we report the practitioners' perspectives on the practical implementation of the ES concept in 27 case studies. A standardised anonymous survey (n = 246), was used, focusing on the science-practice interaction process, perceived impact and expected use of the case study assessments. Operationalisation of the concept was shown to achieve a gradual change in practices: 13% of the case studies reported a change in action (e.g. management or policy change), and a further 40% anticipated that a change would result from the work. To a large extent the impact was attributed to a well conducted science-practice interaction process (>70%). The main reported advantages of the concept included: increased concept awareness and communication; enhanced participation and collaboration; production of comprehensive science-based knowledge; and production of spatially referenced knowledge for input to planning (91% indicated they had acquired new knowledge). The limitations were mostly case-specific and centred on methodology, data, and challenges with result implementation. The survey highlighted the crucial role of communication, participation and collaboration across different stakeholders, to implement the ES concept and enhance the democratisation of nature and landscape planning. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

The psychological science accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries

The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g., "If you do not practice these steps, you can endanger yourself and others") or potential gains (e.g., "If you practice these steps, you can protect yourself and others")? Collecting data in 48 languages from 15,929 participants in 84 countries, we experimentally tested the effects of message framing on COVID-19-related judgments, intentions, and feelings. Loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages increased self-reported anxiety among participants cross-nationally with little-to-no impact on policy attitudes, behavioral intentions, or information seeking relevant to pandemic risks. These results were consistent across 84 countries, three variations of the message framing wording, and 560 data processing and analytic choices. Thus, results provide an empirical answer to a global communication question and highlight the emotional toll of loss-framed messages. Critically, this work demonstrates the importance of considering unintended affective consequences when evaluating nudge-style interventions

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data