Copepods Boost the Production but Reduce the Carbon Export Efficiency by Diatoms

The fraction of net primary production that is exported from the euphotic zone as sinking particulate organic carbon (POC) varies notably through time and from region to region. Phytoplankton containing biominerals, such as silicified diatoms have long been associated with high export fluxes. However, recent reviews point out that the magnitude of export is not controlled by diatoms alone, but determined by the whole plankton community structure. The combined effect of phytoplankton community composition and zooplankton abundance on export flux dynamics, were explored using a set of 12 large outdoor mesocosms. All mesocosms received a daily addition of minor amounts of nitrate and phosphate, while only 6 mesocosms received silicic acid (dSi). This resulted in a dominance of diatoms and dinoflagellate in the +Si mesocosms and a dominance of dinoflagellate in the -Si mesocosms. Simultaneously, half of the mesocosms had decreased mesozooplankton populations whereas the other half were supplemented with additional zooplankton. In all mesocosms, POC fluxes were positively correlated to Si/C ratios measured in the surface community and additions of dSi globally increased the export fluxes in all treatments highlighting the role of diatoms in C export. The presence of additional copepods resulted in higher standing stocks of POC, most probably through trophic cascades. However it only resulted in higher export fluxes for the +Si mesocosms. In the +Si with copepod addition (+Si +Cops) export was dominated by large diatoms with higher Si/C ratios in sinking material than in standing stocks. During non-bloom situations, the grazing activity of copepods decrease the export efficiency in diatom dominated systems by changing the structure of the phytoplankton community and/or preventing their aggregation. However, in flagellate-dominated system, the copepods increased phytoplankton growth, aggregation and fecal pellet production, with overall higher net export not always visible in term of export efficiency

Analisi di un nuovo indice di predizione dell'efficacia della terapia di resincronizzazione cardiaca

Nella gestione dello scompenso cardiaco, uno dei trattamenti più efficaci è rappresentato dalla terapia di resincronizzazione cardiaca. Tuttavia, circa un terzo dei pazienti non risponde alla terapia. Al fine di raggiungere esiti migliori, l’identificazione precoce dei potenziali soggetti che rispondono o meno alla terapia, potrebbe giocare un ruolo importante. In questa panoramica si inserisce il progetto TRAJECTORIES, che cerca di predire la risposta alla terapia sulla base delle variazioni della geometria della traiettoria 3D percorsa dall'elettrodo stimolato pre- e post-attivazione del dispositivo. Attraverso risultati preliminari, è stata verificata l'ipotesi che il pacing modifichi in acuto la traiettoria del punto di stimolazione sull’elettrodo in seno coronarico, e secondariamente che le variazioni temporali quantitative della traiettoria siano correlate al processo di rimodellamento inverso del ventricolo sinistro nel medio termine. E’ stato osservato che, nei pazienti responders, la geometria spaziale della traiettoria 3D cambiava significativamente all’inizio del pacing, acquisendo uniforma più circolare e regolare. Nel presente lavoro di tesi, è stata analizzata la veridicità delle previsioni, mediante il confronto tra gli esiti predetti e i risultati volumetrici della CRT, al follow-up di sei mesi

How smart products with built in flexibility empower users to self - design the use: A theoretical framework for use generation.

International audienc

How digital/physical toolkits integrated in consumer products empower users to self-design their uses: A theoretical framework for use generation

International audienceMaking use of the modern design theories like C-K theory, we propose, in this paper to develop a theoretical framework that permit to understand thoroughly the design activities presently carried by digital/physical toolkits. Then, we apply it on two sets of design tools embedded in the ADIDAS One running shoes and the EMOTIO software. Relying on the findings, we consider managerial implications for firms attempting to integrate digital/physical toolkits into their products at low risk

Leurs petits élèves sont devenus de grands auteurs : Des enseignants du préscolaire et du début du primaire racontent et questionnent leur pratique des ateliers d'écriture

Cinq enseignants témoignent de leur expérience de trois à quatre mois dans la mise en œuvre d’ateliers (dirigés) d’écriture (Calkins, Oxenhorn, Smith & Rothman., 2016; Calkins, L., 2017 ; Bucheton & Soulé, 2009), de la troisième maternelle à la deuxième primaire. Dans cette contribution, ils interrogent leurs pratiques selon trois axes : la mise en place et la gestion du dispositif, leurs conceptions de l’apprentissage et de l’enseignement de l’écriture ainsi que l’impact du dispositif sur leurs élèves

EPICEA Project [2008-2010], Multidisciplinary study of the impacts of climate change on the scale of Paris

International audienceThe EPICEA project is a joint collaboration between the City of Paris, the French Meteorological Office and the National Research Centre in Building to quantify the impact of climate change on Paris and the influence of building on urban climate and on adaptation strategy. First goal is to evaluate the evolution of the urban climate of Paris and its area with regard to climate change. Second goal is to realise a sharp analysis of the 2003 heatwave over Paris with simulations using a database of the Parisian urban cover. The ultimate goal is to assess the climatic impacts during heatwave periods that could result of actions on urban parameters. This information will allow the mapping of heatwave vulnerability

Leurs petits élèves sont devenus de grands auteurs

peer reviewedCinq enseignants témoignent de leur expérience de trois à quatre mois dans la mise en œuvre d’ateliers (dirigés) d’écriture (Calkins et al., 2016 ; Calkins, 2017 ; Bucheton et Soulé, 2009), de la troisième maternelle à la deuxième primaire. Dans cette contribution, ils interrogent leurs pratiques selon trois axes : la mise en place et la gestion du dispositif, leurs conceptions de l’apprentissage et de l’enseignement de l’écriture ainsi que l’impact du dispositif sur leurs élèves

Elaboration, nonlinear optical and lasing properties of tellurium oxide based glasses, glass-ceramics and transparent ceramics,

International audienc

Combined Metabarcoding and Multi-locus approach for Genetic characterization of Colletotrichum species associated with common walnut (Juglans regia) anthracnose in France

International audienceJuglans regia (walnut) is a species belonging to the family Juglandaceae. Broadly spread in diverse temperate and subtropical regions, walnut is primarily cultivated for its nuts. In France, Colletotrichum sp. on walnut was detected for the first time in 2007; in 2011 the disease led to 50–70% losses in nut production. A combined approach of metabarcoding analysis and multi-locus genetic characterization of isolated strains has been used for taxonomic designation and to study the genetic variability of this pathogen in France. Evidence indicates that four Colletotrichum species are associated with walnut in France: 3 belong to the C. acutatum species complex and 1 to the C. gloeosporioides species complex. Results also show that C. godetiae is the most abundant species followed by C. fioriniae; while C. nymphaeae and another Colletotrichum sp. belonging to the C. gloeosporioides complex are found rarely. Representative isolates of detected species were also used to confirm pathogenicity on walnut fruits. The results show a high variability of lesion’s dimensions among isolates tested. This study highlights the genetic and pathogenic heterogeneity of Colletotrichum species associated with walnut anthracnose in France providing useful information for targeted treatments or selection of resistant cultivars, in order to better control the disease

A comprehensive study of the glass/translucent anti-glass/transparent ceramic structural ordering in the Bi2O3Nb2O5–TeO2 system

International audienceThe full and congruent crystallization of the Bi0.8Nb0.8Te2.4O8 (BNT) glass leads to perfectly transparent ceramic in both the visible and near infrared ranges. While heating the parent glass, an intermediate structural regime order-called anti-glass-that shows chemical inhomogeneity at the nanometer scale and with a long-range cationic ordering while retaining a strong local anionic disorder is observed. Here, we report on the crystallization sequence starting from the Bi0.8Nb0.8Te2.4O8 glass system and show that an intermediate Bi0.8Nb0.8Te2.4O8 anti-glass phase (polymorph 1) is first formed, before transforming into a more ordered and ceramic material (polymorph 2). In particular, we provide a comprehensive structural study of the crossover between glass and its crystalline counterpart through intermediate steps. Similarities and differences between the structures, microstructures of Bi0.8Nb0.8Te2.4O8 glass, anti-glass and ceramic materials of identical composition are investigated in details at different length scales 2 by X-ray and neutron powder diffraction, SEM-EBSD, TEM, NMR and Raman spectroscopy. The optical properties of the anti-glass and ceramic are discussed in correlation with the structure and microstructure observations. This study paves the way for understanding the complex mechanisms at the origin of the full and congruent crystallization from the parent glass