Using the local positioning system based on Pulse Width Modulation for Robot Positioning

There are many ways to estimate the location of a moving object. One way is to determine its location using a GPS which calculates longitude and latitude of the object by the data received by the satellites rotating around the earth. However, there are no devices to recover calculated inherent errors and have an appropriate estimated signal. From robots' place, we should correct the errors made by collected data from sensors. A problem happening alternatively in the landmark identifying a method is the similar sharing data. The data obtained should be related to correcting land mark. Even though, some landmarks are likely to be similar. In addition, it is impossible to guarantee sightseeing line among landmarks in some arrangements. The other methods are to utilize radio frequency stations, which are placed around the robot by which we can find the real place of source of measurement error. In non-isolated environments, due to noises in signals using such a system should be investigated. In this PAPER, LPS (local positioning system) and the way it influences interference signals on the simulated system has been studied. A method has been tried to present in order to decrease destructive effects of noise using GA (genetic algorithm). In this way, the LPS modulation method and factors which cause interference signal and noises in the system have been stated. The obtained results have been illustrated by different simulations followed by discussions

The therapeutic potential of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells producing CXCL10 in a mouse melanoma lung metastasis model

Abstract Interferon γ-induced protein 10 kDa (IP-10) is a potent chemoattractant and has been suggested to enhance antitumor activity and mediate tumor regression through multiple mechanisms of action. Multiple lines of evidence have indicated that genetically-modified adult stem cells represent a potential source for cell-based cancer therapy. In the current study, we assessed therapeutic potential of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSC) genetically-modified to express IP-10 for the treatment of lung metastasis in an immunocompetent mouse model of metastatic melanoma. A Piggybac vector encoding IP-10 was employed to transfect hADSC ex vivo. Expression and bioactivity of the transgenic protein from hADSCs expressing IP-10 were confirmed prior to in vivo studies. Our results indicated that hADSCs expressing IP-10 could inhibit the growth of B16F10 melanoma cells and significantly prolonged survival. Immunohistochemistry analysis, TUNEL assay and western blot analysis indicated that hADSCs expressing IP-10 inhibited tumor cell growth, hindered tumor infiltration of Tregs, restricted angiogenesis and significantly prolonged survival. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that targeting metastatic tumor sites by hADSC expressing IP-10 could reduce melanoma tumor growth and lung metastasis. Keywords: Melanoma Metastasis Human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells CXCL1

Using the local positioning system based on Pulse Width Modulation for Robot Positioning

There are many ways to estimate the location of a moving object. One way is to determine its location using a GPS which calculates longitude and latitude of the object by the data received by the satellites rotating around the earth. However, there are no devices to recover calculated inherent errors and have an appropriate estimated signal. From robots' place, we should correct the errors made by collected data from sensors. A problem happening alternatively in the landmark identifying a method is the similar sharing data. The data obtained should be related to correcting land mark. Even though, some landmarks are likely to be similar. In addition, it is impossible to guarantee sightseeing line among landmarks in some arrangements. The other methods are to utilize radio frequency stations, which are placed around the robot by which we can find the real place of source of measurement error. In non-isolated environments, due to noises in signals using such a system should be investigated. In this PAPER, LPS (local positioning system) and the way it influences interference signals on the simulated system has been studied. A method has been tried to present in order to decrease destructive effects of noise using GA (genetic algorithm). In this way, the LPS modulation method and factors which cause interference signal and noises in the system have been stated. The obtained results have been illustrated by different simulations followed by discussions

MicroRNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the most prevalent nonskin cancer and a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing is routinely used for screening and early detection of prostate cancer; however, it does not reduce death from prostate cancer. Moreover, PSA is not specific for prostate cancer and results in high false-positive rates, and it is poorly correlated with cancer stage. Therefore, the need for another diagnostic and prognostic factor in prostate cancer is apparent. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs which are involved in modulation of gene expression posttranscriptionally. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that miRNAs play key roles in various physiological events. Deregulation of miRNAs is related to initiation and development of various diseases such as prostate cancer. It has been shown that various miRNAs (miR-34, miR-21, miR-155, miR-221, miR-222, and let-7) exert their effects by targeting a variety of cellular and molecular pathways (c-Myc, EZH2, c-RSC, BCL2L2, E2F6, ZEB, HMGA251, and CCND2) involved in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Hence, it seems that miRNA expression profiles can be seen as potential candidates for prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of prostate cancer. Here, we summarize various miRNAs as prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers for prostate cancer therapy. © 2019 Begell House, Inc

Angiogenesis biomarkers and their targeting ligands as potential targets for tumor angiogenesis

Angiogenesis is known as one of the hallmarks in cancer which could play a key role in providing oxygen and nutrients for tumor cells. It has been shown that tumor cannot grow without sufficient development of new blood vessels. Accordingly, targeting angiogenesis, especially endothelial cells, could be considered as a common therapeutic target in tumors and more investigation on already existing biomarkers and potentially new biomarkers of endothelial cells seems to be necessary in cancer therapy. Moreover, the use of effective targeting approaches such as proteins and peptides, aptamers, and small molecules is an important step for targeting biomarkers associated with endothelial cells and angiogenesis in cancer therapy. These agents are FDA approved, or are currently under investigation in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Among various biomarkers for angiogenesis microRNAs are suitable candidates for target therapy. These molecules play key roles in tumor angiogenesis which exert their effect via targeting a variety of cellular and molecular pathways involved in tumor angiogenesis. Here, we summarize a variety of biomarkers which their expressions or their functions could change the function of endothelial cells in tumor microenvironments. Moreover, we highlighted various therapeutic agents which could target these biomarkers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Nanoparticles as new tools for inhibition of cancer angiogenesis

Angiogenesis is known as one of the hallmarks of cancer. Multiple lines evidence indicated that vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) is a key player in the progression of angiogenesis and exerts its functions via interaction with tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs). These receptors could trigger a variety of cascades that lead to the supply of oxygen and nutrients to tumor cells and survival of these cells. With respect to pivotal role of angiogenesis in the tumor growth and survival, finding new therapeutic approaches via targeting angiogenesis could open a new horizon in cancer therapy. Among various types of therapeutic strategies, nanotechnology has emerged as new approach for the treatment of various cancers. Nanoparticles (NPs) could be used as effective tools for targeting a variety of therapeutic agents. According to in vitro and in vivo studies, NPs are efficient in depriving tumor cells from nutrients and oxygen by inhibiting angiogenesis. However, the utilization of NPs are associated with a variety of limitations. It seems that new approaches such as NPs conjugated with hydrogels could overcome to some limitations. In the present review, we summarize various mechanisms involved in angiogenesis, common anti-angiogenesis strategies, and application of NPs for targeting angiogenesis in various cancers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Stem Cell Therapy: A New Therapeutic Option for Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases are known as one of major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the many advancement in therapies are associated with cardiovascular diseases, it seems that finding of new therapeutic option is necessary. Cell therapy is one of attractive therapeutic platforms for treatment of a variety of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. Among of various types of cell therapy, stem cell therapy has been emerged as an effective therapeutic approach in this area. Stem cells divided into multipotent stem cells and pluripotent stem cells. A large number studies indicated that utilization of each of them are associated with a variety of advantages and disadvantages. Multiple lines evidence indicated that stem cell therapy could be used as suitable therapeutic approach for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Many clinical trials have been performed for assessing efficiency of stem cell therapies in human. However, stem cell therapy are associated with some challenges, but, it seems resolving of them could contribute to using of them as effective therapeutic approach for patients who suffering from cardiovascular diseases. In the current review, we summarized current therapeutic strategies based on stem cells for cardiovascular diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 95�104, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Nanoparticles as new tools for inhibition of cancer angiogenesis

Angiogenesis is known as one of the hallmarks of cancer. Multiple lines evidence indicated that vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) is a key player in the progression of angiogenesis and exerts its functions via interaction with tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs). These receptors could trigger a variety of cascades that lead to the supply of oxygen and nutrients to tumor cells and survival of these cells. With respect to pivotal role of angiogenesis in the tumor growth and survival, finding new therapeutic approaches via targeting angiogenesis could open a new horizon in cancer therapy. Among various types of therapeutic strategies, nanotechnology has emerged as new approach for the treatment of various cancers. Nanoparticles (NPs) could be used as effective tools for targeting a variety of therapeutic agents. According to in vitro and in vivo studies, NPs are efficient in depriving tumor cells from nutrients and oxygen by inhibiting angiogenesis. However, the utilization of NPs are associated with a variety of limitations. It seems that new approaches such as NPs conjugated with hydrogels could overcome to some limitations. In the present review, we summarize various mechanisms involved in angiogenesis, common anti-angiogenesis strategies, and application of NPs for targeting angiogenesis in various cancers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Stem Cell Therapy: A New Therapeutic Option for Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases are known as one of major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the many advancement in therapies are associated with cardiovascular diseases, it seems that finding of new therapeutic option is necessary. Cell therapy is one of attractive therapeutic platforms for treatment of a variety of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. Among of various types of cell therapy, stem cell therapy has been emerged as an effective therapeutic approach in this area. Stem cells divided into multipotent stem cells and pluripotent stem cells. A large number studies indicated that utilization of each of them are associated with a variety of advantages and disadvantages. Multiple lines evidence indicated that stem cell therapy could be used as suitable therapeutic approach for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Many clinical trials have been performed for assessing efficiency of stem cell therapies in human. However, stem cell therapy are associated with some challenges, but, it seems resolving of them could contribute to using of them as effective therapeutic approach for patients who suffering from cardiovascular diseases. In the current review, we summarized current therapeutic strategies based on stem cells for cardiovascular diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 95�104, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

MicroRNAs in retinoblastoma: Potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers

Retinoblastoma (Rb) is known as one of important childhood malignancies which due to inactivation of the RB gene (tumor suppressor gene in various patients). The early detection of Rb could provide better treatment for Rb patients. Imaging techniques (e.g., MRI and CT) are known as one of effective diagnosis approaches for detection of patients with Rb. It has been shown that utilization of imaging techniques is associated with some limitations. Hence, identification of new diagnosis approaches might provide a better treatment for Rb patients. Identification of new biomarkers could contribute to better understanding of pathogenesis events involved in Rb and provide new insights into design better treatment approaches for these patients. Among the various biomarkers, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as attractive tools for Rb detection. miRNAs are one classes of small non-coding RNAs which could be involved in a variety of biological process via targeting sequence of cellular and molecular pathways. Deregulations of these molecules are associated with cancerous condition. Multiple lines of evidence indicated that deregulation of various miRNAs involved in various stages of Rb. Here, we summarized a variety of tissue-specific and circulating miRNAs involved in Rb pathogenesis which could be used as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in Rb patients. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc