Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation of Fld and GUS Genes into Canola for Salinity Stress

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stress which limits wide spread canola cultivation. One way to overcome this problem could be transfection, to produce tolerable species. Cotyledonary and hypocotyls explants obtained from 4 and 7 days old seedling of Elite and RJS003 varieties were utilized in this study. Genetic transformation was implemented through Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 containing PBI121 plasmid and Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58, LBA4404, AGL0 and EHA 101 strains which contain P6u- ubi- fvt1 construct. The T-DNA region of P6u- Ubi- Fvt1 plasmid included HPT (Hygromycin phosphotransferase) plant selectable marker and Fld (flavodoxin) gene. PBI121 plasmid had NptII (Neomycin phosphotransferase) plant Selectable marker and β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter genes. Transfected explants were analyzed by PCR and histochemical assay for Fld and Gus genes, respectively. Our data indicated that the cotyledonary explants of both cultivars were incompetent to be infected with Fld gens. However, the transformation in Elite hypocotyls explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 and LBA 4404 strains were confirmed through PCR product and histochemical evaluation for Fld and GUS genes, respectively. Therefore, the result of this manuscript may to certain degree fulfill the endeavor appointed to this oilseed

Accessibility and Types of Online Sources Cited in Scholarly Biomedical Journal in Iran

One type of frequently used references in scientific papers is online references. The aim of this study is to study the prevalence, accessibility and types of online sources in biomedical journals in Iran from 2010 to 2012. We analyzed online references cited in 401 articles from 21 scientific journals indexed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Findings revealed that only 73 papers (18.2%) had cited online sources in their references. of 186 online citations, 72 (38.7%) citations were accessible, and the URLs to 114 citations did not work (61.3%). The majority of unreachable citations were unstable citations (32.3%). Most online sources (62%) were cited in “Iranian Journal of Public Health”. An increase in the number of online citations was observed over the studied years. The study indicated that the rate of online citations is low in the studied journals, and most online citations were unreachable. The lack of clear guidelines in citing online sources seemed to be a major reason for the inaccessibility of online citations

Kinetics of substrate oxidation and hydrogen peroxide production by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Large Colony (LC) type and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri

Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Large Colony (LC) type is a pathogen of goats causing contagious agalactia and respiratory disease, found on all continents where small ruminants are kept. It shares close genetic characteristics with M. mycoides subsp. capri. Substrate oxidation by 22 strains of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides LC from nine countries was compared with that of eight strains of M. mycoides subsp. capri from five countries. There was considerable similarity in the substrates used, but substrate saturation coefficients (Ks) varied for different substrates. Substrate utilization patterns and Ks values did not (1) significantly differentiate the LC strains from each other, (2) show any correlation with geographical origin, or (3) distinguish the LC strains from the capri strains. These results support previous studies justifying the reclassification of these subspecies as a single species

Rolling up the pieces of a puzzle: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Iran

Toxoplasmosis is a neglected parasitic disease with global distribution in warm-blooded vertebrates and high prevalence among different human societies. We contrived a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Iran. Following the general methodology recommended for systematic reviews and meta-analysis, four English and three Persian electronic databases were explored up to April 2016. Out of 105,139 examined samples of different hosts, the weighted overall prevalence was 37% (95% CI = 31–43). Due to the significant heterogeneity (I2 = 81.9%) the random-effects model was used. The pool estimated prevalence of toxoplasmosis in human intermediate hosts, animal intermediate hosts, and definitive hosts was 43% (95% CI = 38–47), 26 (95% CI = 17–35) and, 34% (95% CI = 22–46), respectively. Our results represent that regular inspection in food industries, improved screening programs using standard diagnostic assay as well as distinguishing toxoplasmosis condition in other zoonotic hosts are extremely recommended for better disease management in Iran.Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, Prevalence, Iran, Systematic review, Meta-analysi

A Comparison between the Ability of Revised Trauma Score and Kampala Trauma Score in Predicting Mortality; a Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Describing injury severity in trauma patients is vital. In some recent articles the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) and Kampala Trauma Score (KTS) have been suggested as easily performed and feasible triage tools which can be used in resource-limited settings. The present meta-analysis was performed to evaluate and compare the accuracy of the RTS and KTS in predicting mortality in low-and middle income countries (LMICs). Methods: Two investigators searched the Web of Science, Embase, and Medline databases and the articles which their exact number of true-positive, true-negative, false-positive, and false-negative results could be extracted were selected. Sensitivity and subgroup analysis were performed using Stata software version 14 to determine the factor(s) affecting the accuracy of the RTS and KTS in predicting mortality and source(s) of heterogeneity. Results: The heterogeneity was high (I2 > 80%) among 11 relevant studies (total n = 20,631). While the sensitivity of the KTS (0.88) was slightly higher than RTS (0.82), the specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and positive likelihood ratio of the KTS (0.73, 20, 0.16, 3.30, respectively) were lower than those of the RTS (0.91, 45, 0.20, 8.90, respectively). The area under the summary-receiver operator characteristic curve for KTS and RTS was 0.88 and 0.93, respectively. Conclusion: However, regarding accuracy and performance, RTS was better than KTS for distinguishing between mortality and survival; both of them are beneficial trauma scoring tools which can be used in LMICs. Further studies are required to specify the appropriate choice of the RTS or KTS regarding the type of injury and different conditions of the patient

Effect of volume fraction of (Cr, Fe)7C3 carbides on corrosion resistance of the Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloys at Cr/C=6

In this investigation, three different chemical compositions of Fe-Cr-C alloys were fabricated on AISI 1010 steel substrates by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). The optical emission spectroscopy (OES), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), techniques and corrosion test were used for determining chemical composition studying the microstructure and corrosion behavior of the Fe-Cr-C alloys. The OM and SEM results show that the microstructure of these alloys consisted of (Cr,Fe)7C3 carbides with austenite, and by increasing of the carbon and chromium content in hardfacing alloys, the volume fraction of (Cr,Fe)7C3 carbides in microstructure was increased. The polarization curves of the corrosion tests show that the increase of the volume fraction of (Cr,Fe)7C3 carbides in the microstructure promotes the corrosion resistance of the Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloys. The corrosion mechanism of the Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloys was intergranular and galvanic corrosion

comparison of cranberry pills and nitrofurantoin pill to prevent recurrent urinary tract infection among 15-45 years old women

مقدمه: عفونت ادراری یکی از شایع‌ترین علل مراجعات سرپایی بیماران به مراکز پزشکی است که گاهاً به دلیل وخامت حال عمومی و یا وجود یک زمینه ناتوان‌کننده در شخص، نیاز به بستری احساس می شود. در حال حاضر جهت جلوگیری از عود مکرر سیستیت چند روش وجود دارد که شایعترین آن استفاده از آنتی بیوتیک پروفیلاکسی طولانی مدت می باشد. درمان آنتی بیوتیک طولانی مدت منجر به ایجاد مقاومت میکروبی و رشد سوش های مقاوم خواهد شد. اهداف: هدف این مطالعه تعیین مقایسه ای اثر قرص زغال اخته و قرص نیتروفورانتویین و پلاسبو بر پیشگیری از عود عفونت ادراری راجعه در زنان 15-45 ساله مراجعه کننده به کلینیک بیمارستان کاشانی شهرکرد بود. مواد و روش ها: این مطالعه یک کارآزمایی بالینی بود که برروی 3 گروه 21 نفره از زنان 15-45 ساله مراجعه کننده به کلینیک بیمارستان کاشانی شهرکرد که دچار سیستیت مکرر شده بودند انجام گرفت. افرادی که اختلال آناتومیک دستگاه ادراری تناسلی (سنگ ، یورتروسل و هیدرونفروز) واختلال فانکشنال دستگاه ادراری تناسلی (مثانه نوروژنیک) دارند و همچنین افرادی که دچار مقاومت باکتریایی شده اند از مطالعه مذکور خارج میشوند. بیماران به صورت کاملأ تصادفی به سه گروه تقسیم شدند. قبل از ورود افراد به مطالعه بیماران از نظر مشکلات فانکشنال و آناتومیک تحت معاینه بالینی و در صورت لزوم سونوگرافی قرار گرفتند. پس از درمان عفونت ادراری فعلی وکسب بهبود بالینی، به گروه اول قرص زغال اخته 500 میلی گرم شبانه به مدت 6 ماه و به گروه دوم قرص نیتروفورانتوئین با دوز پروفیلاکسی به صورت 100 میلی گرم شبانه به مدت 6 ماه و به گروه سوم پلاسبو داده شد. این بیماران طی شش ماه مورد بررسی و پیگیری قرار گرفتند. هر دو ماه یکبار بیمار مورد معاینه بالینی، آنالیز و کشت ادرار و ارزیابی از نظر علائم بالینی سیستیت قرار گرفتند. به بیماران توصیه شد در صورت بروز علائم عفونت در هر زمان ،جهت کشت ادرار مجدد (علاوه بر کشت های ذکر شده) مراجعه کنند. نتایج: در مطالعه انجام شده تفاوت معنا داری بین سه گروه مورد مطالعه از نظر عود عفونت ادراری راجعه وجود نداشت (005/0 P>)، گرچه اختلافاتی وجود داشت. کشت ادرار مثبت در طی 6 ماه در گروه نیتروفورانتوئین 9.6 درصد و در گروه زغال اخته 19 درصد و در گروه پلاسبو 33.4 درصد بود. از نظر سوزش ادراری در طی 6 ماه بررسی و نوبت دوم تفاوت معنا داری بین گروه پلاسبو و زغال اخته وجود داشت (004/ P = ) سوزش ادرار در طی 6 ماه در گروه زغال اخته 14.2 درصد و درگروه پلاسبو 56.2 درصد بود. بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج، مصرف قرص زغال اخته با دوز 500 میلی گرم در روز می تواند باعث کاهش سوزش ادرار در بیماران مبتلا به عفونت ادراری راجعه شود. واژه های کلیدی: زغال اخته، عفونت ادراری ، نیتروفورانتویین

Epidemiology Study And Methods Of Suicide Under The Age Of 18 Years During 2010-2020 In Tehran Province

Background: Type of suicide is determined by various factors such as accessibility to drugs, economic problems and psychological disorders. Objective: This study aimed to assess the epidemiology of suicide death, autopsy and effective factors in children<18 years. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out on 350 autopsy bodies less than 18 years of age in Tehran Forensic Medicine Center during 2010-2020 who had struggled with suicide. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18. Results: Mean age of children was 16.36±1.76 years. The most common method in children less than 15 years and over 15 years was hanging (n=36) and poisoning with chemical substance (n=139), respectively (p<0.001). The most common method of the suicide was poisoning with chemical substance (n=147, 42%). The most common method of suicide in girls and boys was poisoning with chemical substance (n=81) and hanging (n=75), respectively. The highest number of children struggled with were residents in the outskirt of Tehran (n=113, 32.5%). Suicide rate in people with depressive disorder and tentative injury was 10% (n=35) and 18.6% (n=65). In 13 patients, vitreous humor alcohol was positive (mean alcohol: 60.61±43.03 mg/dl).  The most common toxin observed in toxicology was rice tablet or aluminum phosphide (n=90, 25.7%). Regarding drug toxicity in toxicology, 52.6% (n=86) was not positive. Opium was found 7.4% of cases (n=26). Conclusion: The suicide rate has been on the rise during the past ten years through hanging and poisoning with chemical substance such as aluminum phosphide, opium and tricyclic antidepressants especially in outskirts

Significant Decline of Malaria Incidence in Southwest of Iran (2001–2014)

Iran is considered as one of the malaria endemic countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) and is at risk due to neighboring Afghanistan, Pakistan in the east, and Iraq to the west. Therefore the aim of the present investigation is the evaluation of the trend of malaria distribution during the past decade (2001–2014) in Khuzestan province, southwestern Iran. In this retrospective cross-sectional investigation, blood samples were taken from all malaria suspicious cases who were referred to health centers across Khuzestan province. For each positive subject a questionnaire containing demographic information was filled out. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 18. From a total of 541 malaria confirmed cases, 498 (92.05%) were male and 43 (7.95%) were female. The highest number of infections was seen in 2001 with 161 (29.75%) cases and the lowest was in 2014 with 0 (0%). Also, Plasmodium vivax was identified as dominant species in 478 (88.35%) individuals and P. falciparum comprised 63 (11.65%). The highest infection rate was observed in non-Iranian populations with number 459 (84.85%) and imported cases 508 (93.90%). Also, the majority of subjects were over 15 years of age, 458 (84.65%). Due to proximity to endemic countries which has made the malaria campaign difficult, more effort is needed to control the infection in order to achieve malaria elimination