Effects of alloying on aging and hardening processes of steel with 20% nickel

Measurements of hardness, thermal emf, and electrical resistance were used to study the effects of Co, Mo, Ti and Al contents on aging and hardening processes in Fe 20%Ni steel. It is shown that the effects of these alloying elements differ substantially. Anomalies which arise in the temperature dependence of physical properties due to the presence of cobalt and molybdenum are reduced by the inclusion of titanium and aluminum (and vice versa)

An Analysis of the Links between Smoking and BMI in Adolescents: A Moving Average Approach to Establishing the Statistical Relationship between Quantitative and Dichotomous Variables

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of smoking on BMI in male adolescents and explore the relationship between smoking status and diet. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study into the health and diet of adolescents was carried out based on a representative sample of 375 vocational school male students aged 16–17 in the city of Chelyabinsk (Russian Federation). The students and their parents filled out verified questionnaires on their socioeconomic status, diet, and smoking status. Students’ height and body weight were measured. A comparative analysis of diets was performed between groups of smokers and non-smokers (149 and 226 individuals, respectively), and the relationship between smoking, body mass index, and actual diet was estimated. The methods used included descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, comparison of proportions, and moving average. Results: Non-smoking adolescent boys tended to have excess body mass compared with smokers (19.0% and 12.1%, respectively). Smokers (adolescent boys) consumed less meat, cereals, beans, and cheeses and more sweet beverages, added sugar, coffee, and alcohol. The bulk of the smokers’ diet was composed of carbohydrates (p = 0.026) and, to a lesser extent, proteins (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Significant differences were discovered in the diet between smokers and non-smokers (among adolescent boys), and smoking was associated with several indicators of unhealthy diet patterns. This is an important conclusion for developing a future program that could additionally protect at-risk groups of adolescents

STATISTICAL MODELING OF INFLUENCE CIGARETTE SMOKING ON THE STATE OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES WORKERS

This work explores the impact of cigarette smoking on the state of the cardiovascular system of industrial workers. The registration of intervalograms according to Baevsky R.M. and questioning were used as research methods. The data obtained were subjected to statisti-cal analysis

Annelid phylogeny and the status of Sipuncula and Echiura

BACKGROUND: Annelida comprises an ancient and ecologically important animal phylum with over 16,500 described species and members are the dominant macrofauna of the deep sea. Traditionally, two major groups are distinguished: Clitellata (including earthworms, leeches) and "Polychaeta" (mostly marine worms). Recent analyses of molecular data suggest that Annelida may include other taxa once considered separate phyla (i.e., Echiura, and Sipuncula) and that Clitellata are derived annelids, thus rendering "Polychaeta" paraphyletic; however, this contradicts classification schemes of annelids developed from recent analyses of morphological characters. Given that deep-level evolutionary relationships of Annelida are poorly understood, we have analyzed comprehensive datasets based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes, and have applied rigorous testing of alternative hypotheses so that we can move towards the robust reconstruction of annelid history needed to interpret animal body plan evolution. RESULTS: Sipuncula, Echiura, Siboglinidae, and Clitellata are all nested within polychaete annelids according to phylogenetic analyses of three nuclear genes (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, EF1α; 4552 nucleotide positions analyzed) for 81 taxa, and 11 nuclear and mitochondrial genes for 10 taxa (additional: 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, ATP8, COX1-3, CYTB, NAD6; 11,454 nucleotide positions analyzed). For the first time, these findings are substantiated using approximately unbiased tests and non-scaled bootstrap probability tests that compare alternative hypotheses. For echiurans, the polychaete group Capitellidae is corroborated as the sister taxon; while the exact placement of Sipuncula within Annelida is still uncertain, our analyses suggest an affiliation with terebellimorphs. Siboglinids are in a clade with other sabellimorphs, and clitellates fall within a polychaete clade with aeolosomatids as their possible sister group. None of our analyses support the major polychaete clades reflected in the current classification scheme of annelids, and hypothesis testing significantly rejects monophyly of Scolecida, Palpata, Canalipalpata, and Aciculata. CONCLUSION: Using multiple genes and explicit hypothesis testing, we show that Echiura, Siboglinidae, and Clitellata are derived annelids with polychaete sister taxa, and that Sipuncula should be included within annelids. The traditional composition of Annelida greatly underestimates the morphological diversity of this group, and inclusion of Sipuncula and Echiura implies that patterns of segmentation within annelids have been evolutionarily labile. Relationships within Annelida based on our analyses of multiple genes challenge the current classification scheme, and some alternative hypotheses are provided

Cleavage modification did not alter blastomere fates during bryozoan evolution

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.The study was funded by the core budget of the Sars Centre and by The European Research Council Community’s Framework Program Horizon 2020 (2014–2020) ERC grant agreement 648861 to A

INVESTIGATION OF MODIFIED CEDAR NUT SHELL-BASED SORBENTS [ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫХ СОРБЕНТОВ НА ОСНОВЕ СКОРЛУПЫ КЕДРОВОГО ОРЕХА]

The investigation was carried out to establish influences of thermal, chemical and thermochemical modifications on compositions of functional groups of the sorbents based on nut shells of the Siberian cedar (Pinus sibirica) and their physical and chemical properties. Samples of natural cedar nut shells (CNS) were thermally-modified at T=300 °С and analyzed by the methods of potentiometric titration and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. It has been established that thermally-modified CNS possess 1.5-1.7 and 2.3-4.3 times as many hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in the constitution of sorbents grading 0.1-0.5 and 0.55-0.75 mm, respectively, as natural CNS. Chemical modification was carried out in nitric acid solutions with various concentrations (0.5-5n). It has been shown that being treated with 5n HNO3, the samples grading 0.55-0.75 mm possess 3.5 times as many carboxyl groups as natural CNS, while the samples grading 0.1-0.5 possess an increased number of hydroxyl groups only. Thermochemical modification was carried out in 2 stages: first, firing at a temperature of 300 °С, then chemical modification in HNO3 solutions with various concentrations. It has been revealed that this modification results to increasing predominantly hydroxyl groups in the constitution of carbon sorbents. The isotherm of sorption of copper (II) ions by the samples of modified CNS describes microporous solids with a relatively small outer surface, whereas the sorption isotherm of zinc (II) ions describes polymolecular adsorption onto both porous and macroporous adsorbents. The investigation has revealed that the sorbents being chemically and thermochemically modified with 5n nitric acid are most effective to extract copper ions. © 2023 Altai State University. All rights reserved

Optimization of the composition of the formulations of paints on the basis of copolymer of wastes of production

In work are presented studies to dependency characteristic designed composition paints on base copolymer, got from styrene production departure, from composition and correlations component paints