37 research outputs found
Ketogenic diet modulates NAD\u3csup\u3e+\u3c/sup\u3e-dependent enzymes and reduces DNA damage in hippocampus
© 2018 Elamin, Ruskin, Masino and Sacchetti. The ketogenic dietâs (KD) anti-seizure effects have long been documented. Recently, its therapeutic potential in multiple neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders has emerged. Yet experimental evidence for a fundamental mechanism underlying beneficial effects across numerous diseases remains lacking. We previously showed that feeding rats a KD produced an early (within 2 days) and persistent elevation of hippocampal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ (NAD+), an essential metabolic coenzyme and signaling molecule. NAD+ is a marker of cellular health and a substrate for enzymes implicated in longevity and DNA damage repair such as sirtuins and poly-ADP ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1). As a result, activation of NAD+-dependent enzymesâ downstream pathways could be the origin of KDâs broad beneficial effects. Here rats were fed ad libitum regular chow or KD for 2 days or 3 weeks and the levels of hippocampal sirtuins, PARP-1, and the oxidative DNA damage marker 8-hydroxy-2â-deoxyguanosine were quantified. We found a significant immediate and persistent increase in the collective activity of nuclear sirtuin enzymes, and a significant augmentation of Sirt1 mRNA at 2 days. Levels of PARP-1 and 8-hydroxy-2â- deoxyguanosine decreased after 2 days of treatment and further declined at 3 weeks. Our data show that a KD can rapidly modulate energy metabolism by acting on NAD+-dependent enzymes and their downstream pathways. Thus, therapy with a KD can potentially enhance brain health and increase overall healthspan via NAD+- related mechanisms that render cells more resilient against DNA damage and a host of metabolic, epileptic, neurodegenerative, or neurodevelopmental insults
Ketogenic Diet Modulates NAD+-Dependent Enzymes and Reduces DNA Damage in Hippocampus
The ketogenic dietâs (KD) anti-seizure effects have long been documented. Recently, its therapeutic potential in multiple neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders has emerged. Yet experimental evidence for a fundamental mechanism underlying beneficial effects across numerous diseases remains lacking. We previously showed that feeding rats a KD produced an early (within 2 days) and persistent elevation of hippocampal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ (NAD+), an essential metabolic coenzyme and signaling molecule. NAD+ is a marker of cellular health and a substrate for enzymes implicated in longevity and DNA damage repair such as sirtuins and poly-ADP ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1). As a result, activation of NAD+-dependent enzymesâ downstream pathways could be the origin of KDâs broad beneficial effects. Here rats were fed ad libitum regular chow or KD for 2 days or 3 weeks and the levels of hippocampal sirtuins, PARP-1, and the oxidative DNA damage marker 8-hydroxy-2â-deoxyguanosine were quantified. We found a significant immediate and persistent increase in the collective activity of nuclear sirtuin enzymes, and a significant augmentation of Sirt1 mRNA at 2 days. Levels of PARP-1 and 8-hydroxy-2â-deoxyguanosine decreased after 2 days of treatment and further declined at 3 weeks. Our data show that a KD can rapidly modulate energy metabolism by acting on NAD+-dependent enzymes and their downstream pathways. Thus, therapy with a KD can potentially enhance brain health and increase overall healthspan via NAD+-related mechanisms that render cells more resilient against DNA damage and a host of metabolic, epileptic, neurodegenerative, or neurodevelopmental insults
Orientation of the central domains of KSRP and its implications for the interaction with the RNA targets
KSRP is a multi-domain RNA-binding protein that recruits the exosome-containing mRNA degradation complex to mRNAs coding for cellular proliferation and inflammatory response factors. The selectivity of this mRNA degradation mechanism relies on KSRP recognition of AU-rich elements in the mRNA 3âČUTR, that is mediated by KSRPâs KH domains. Our structural analysis shows that the inter-domain linker orients the two central KH domains of KSRPâand their RNA-binding surfacesâcreating a two-domain unit. We also show that this inter-domain arrangement is important to the interaction with KSRPâs RNA targets
A Womanâs Loss of Imagination: Paola Masinoâs Magical Realism in Nascita e morte della Massaia
Criticism on Paola Masino has flourished since the early 2000s. This increased attention has contributed towards reclaiming an author often overshadowed by the attention received by her partner, Massimo Bontempelli, the father of realismo magico. Masino experimented with a variety of stylesârealismo magico was one of themâas she rejected strictly naturalistic forms of representation, preferring to co-opt myths and the supernatural. Nascita e morte della Massaia (1945) is Masinoâs most renowned literary effort, both for its critique of Fascist Italy and for its sophisticated stylistic effects. Nascita, while indebted to Bontempelliâs theorizations, features all the chief characteristics listed in Farisâs analysis of magical realism as an international phenomenon, and illustrates how magical realism offers strategies for evading censorship to those writing against totalitarianism regimes. At the same time, it is an example of how magical realism can be used to denounce socially imposed gender roles. My analysis shows how this narrative mode emerges on multiple levels within Masinoâs text
Venezia Novecento. Le voci di Paola Masino e Milena Milani
In questi Atti di Convegno, Paola Masino, Milena Milani e Venezia si propongono come tre poli di un dialogo a piĂč voci. Alcuni dei volti e delle trame della vita in cittĂ , negli anni Trenta e Quaranta e nei decenni successivi, sono infatti riuniti attorno a due autrici che hanno saputo fare della scrittura un mestiere fecondo. Il loro contributo, evidenziato nel volume da nove relatrici, ridisegna il volto della laguna con particolare attenzione ai luoghi e ai tempi, cogliendo, di decennio in decennio, peculiaritĂ e variazioni. Un profilo, quello di Venezia Novecento, poco o per nulla narrato dalle donne, che trova in questi saggi un timbro di autenticitĂ
Global Voices for Global (Epistemic) Justice: Bringing to the Forefront Latin American Theoretical and Activist Contributions to the Pursuit of the Right to Health
Violencia obstétrica en México: La consolidación disputada de un nuevo paradigma
<p>A partir de mĂșltiples investigaciones antropolĂłgicas y salubristas sobre problemas de salud y mortalidad materna en MĂ©xico, surge mi interĂ©s en la problemĂĄtica de la violencia obstĂ©trica, tanto como una categorĂa epistĂ©mica que nombra de manera innovadora una problemĂĄtica institucional de viejo cuño, asĂ como su uso âen la prĂĄcticaâ en disputas legales y sociopolĂticas que se han desarrollado en el paĂs en los Ășltimos años. En particular, el texto explora cĂłmo y hasta quĂ© punto violencia obstĂ©trica, como un marco conceptual de reciente creaciĂłn, se estĂĄ arraigando en la legislaciĂłn mexicana y en la defensorĂa de los derechos humanos, al mismo tiempo que continĂșaenfrentĂĄndose a resistencias diversas dentro del sistema de salud y por distintos actores.</p>