Ant-mediated anholocyclic overwintering of Prociphilus fraxini (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Central Europe

The first observations of the aphid Prociphilus fraxini (Fabricius, 1777) being involved in a mutualistic relationship with the ant Prenolepis nitens (Mayr, 1853) in Europe is documented. Mutualism of an aphid generation living with the ants Prenolepis nitens and Lasius brunneus (Latreille, 1798) is discussed in reference to the possible development of an overwintering parthenogenetic population of the aphid, persisting on the roots of its secondary host, Picea abies, due to coevolution of the aphid with ants

Aphids Playing Possum - Defensive or Mutualistic Response?

Paper presents the phenomenon of thanatosis or death-feigning in selected aphids species. This specific reaction was predominantly analysed on the example of aphid subfamily Lachninae. Individuals of this group were used in experiments, during which a thanatotic response was induced with various results. The response differed from prolonged thanatosis, lasting for several minutes (Eulachnus rileyi), through shrinking behaviour (e. g. in Stomaphis graffii) to non-responsive species such as Cinara (Schizolachnus) pineti. The large interspecies variation of observed responses can be linked to other defensive mechanisms existing in the studied species, as well as to their mutualistic relationship with ants. The behaviour of shrinking is hypothesized to be the mutualistic response, developed from thanatosis, and being adapted to transportation by ant workers

New data on the distribution of Myrmecophilus acervorum (Panzer, 1799) (Orthoptera: Myrmecophilidae) in Poland

The paper presents new localities of Myrmecophilus acervorum including first precisely located sites from Upper Silesia. A review of the literature data of distribution is also provided

Materiały do znajomości biegaczowatych (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Beskidu Wschodniego

The paper presents new data on distribution of the family Carabidae. The study were carried out between 2001–2016 in south-western part of the Eastern Beskid Mountains. The list of 118 species of ground beetles is presented, including some taxa which are rarely collected in Poland. Four species: Demetrias atricapillus (Linnaeus, 1758), Pterostichus quadrifoveolatus Letzner, 1852, Pterostichus rhaeticus Heer, 1837 and Tachyura diabrachys (Kolenati, 1845) are recorded in this zoogeographical region for the first time. Moreover, the observation of representatives of horsehair worms Nematomorpha (especially of the genus Gordionus Müller, 1927) which infected the specimen of Carabus coriaceus Linnaeus, 1758 is also mentioned

New data on the occurrence of terrestrial true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in Przemyśl and Starzawa (south-eastern Poland)

The paper presents the results of faunistic studies on terrestrial Heteroptera in Przemyśl (Eastern Beskidy Mts) and Starzawa (Sandomierska Lowland) conducted in 2018. A list of 66 species is presented

Przyczynek do rozmieszczenia pluskwiaków różnoskrzydłych (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) w Polsce – IV

This paper continues a series of publications on the distribution of true bugs in Poland. It includes new faunistic data for 273 species of true bugs. In total, data on 33 species previously unreported in 14 zoogeographical regions of Poland are presented, including some rarely collected: Charagochilus spiralifer, Deraeocoris ventralis, Emblethis griseus, Emblethis denticollis, Liorhyssus hyalinus, Pyrrhocoris marginatus, Odontoscelis lineola, Stephanitis takeyai, Tytthus pygmaeus. Moreover, a food source, unusual for Pyrrhocoris apterus, was presented – the fresh carcass of a small rodent. It is also noteworthy that this paper was largely prepared using citizen science. Many people (non-specialists in Heterop-tera) collected data constituting almost 20% of the presented records. Notably, the true bugs recorded in this way include species very rarely collected in Poland and species alien to Polish fauna (e.g., Oxycarenus lavaterae and Halyomorpha halys). Due to the lack of funding being a significant obstacle to biodiversity studies in Poland, citizen science seems to be the only way to effectively monitor all the dynamic places in national entomofauna

Przyczynek do rozmieszczenia pluskwiaków różnoskrzydłych (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) w Polsce - III

[A contribution to the distribution of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in Poland – III]. This paper is a continuation of a series of publications on the distribution of true bugs in Poland and includes new faunistic data for 306 species of true bugs. In total, data on 62 species previously unreported in 21 zoogeographical regions of Poland is presented, including some rarely collected: Brachyarthrum limitatum, Eurydema fieberi, Peritrechus gracilicornis, Stephanitis pyri, Tingis crispata. It is also noteworthy that this paper was largely prepared using citizen science, where many people (non-specialists in Heteroptera) collected data constituting almost 25% of the presented records. Importantly, the true bugs recorded in this way include species very rarely collected in Poland, and species alien to Polish fauna (e.g. Oxycarenus lavaterae, Nezara viridula and Halyomorpha halys). Due to the lack of funding being a significant obstacle to biodiversity studies in Poland, citizen science seems to be the only way to effectively monitor all the dynamic changes taking place in national entomofauna

Revisiting the Taxonomy of <i>Cylapocoris</i> Carvalho, 1954 (Hemiptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) with Descriptions of Five New Species and Morphology-Based Phylogenetic Analysis of the Genus

This paper provides descriptions of five new species of the Neotropical genus Cylapocoris Carvalho, 1954 (C. bimaculatus n. sp., C. brooksi n. sp., C. carvalhoi n. sp., C. scutellatus n. sp., and C. simplexoides n. sp.). Cylapocoris and Cylapocoroides Carvalho, 1989 are redescribed and rediagnosed. Illustrations of male genitalia, scanning electron micrographs of selected structures of certain taxa, and an identification key to species are provided. Female genitalia are described and illustrated for the first time for Cylapocoris in nine out of 19 known species. A cladistic analysis of the genus, based on 62 morphological characters, is presented as a contribution to the understanding of relationships within Cylapocoris and its relationships with other groups of Cylapinae. The analysis comprises 16 ingroup species and 15 outgroup taxa. Both equal and implied weighting parsimony analyses were used in the phylogenetic reconstruction. We confirm the monophyly of Cylapocoris and its sister-group relationship with Cylapocoroides. Additionally, we identify subgroupings within Cylapocoris. Intertribal relationships within Cylapinae are briefly discussed

Labial Sensory Organs of Two <i>Leptoglossus</i> Species (Hemiptera: Coreidae): Their Morphology and Supposed Function

A detailed description of the labial sensory organs of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 and L. zonatus (Dallas, 1852) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) is presented. The detailed morphology, location, and distribution of different sensilla types on mouthparts were investigated and shown in micrographs taken with a scanning electron microscope. Nine types of aporous sensilla, and three uniporous sensilla were found. The possible functions of these sensilla as well as similarities and differences between the mouthparts of Leptoglossus and those of other terrestrial Heteroptera are discussed. The tip of the labium constitutes a functional “touch and taste area”, combining the chemosensitivity of uniporous sensilla P1–P3 and the mechanoreceptivity of A8 and A9 hair-like sensilla. A set of two cone-like chemosensilla types (9 + 2) was found on each lateral lobe of the labial tip. Literature analysis showed that such a set of cone-like sensory organs on the labial tip may be common in terrestrial Heteroptera. This observation confirms that the number and arrangement of sensilla is conservative and can be important in diagnosing taxa at various levels and in phylogenetic studies based on morphology

Closer view of antennal sensory organs of two Leptoglossus species (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coreidae).

Detailed description of antennal sensory organs of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) and a comparison with L. zonatus (Dallas, 1852) are presented. A novel approach that combines the advantages of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to detail micromorphological structures. A simplified classification system for sensilla that eliminates the subjective aspects of morphology, such as their shape, is proposed. Fourteen sensory organs have been classified into three main groups: (a) aporous sensilla with a flexible socket, (b) porous sensilla with a flexible socket and (c) porous sensilla with an inflexible socket. A large variety of sensory organs (nine types) with olfactory functions are described. The antennal sensory organs have been recognized as one of the factors responsible for the evolutionary success of Leptoglossus spp. and their status as important pests and invasive species