Enhancing Data Security in Cloud Computing: A Comparative Analysis of Encryption Techniques

This research presents a novel and efficient public key cryptosystem known as the Enhanced Schmidt Samoa (ESS) cryptosystem, proposed to safeguard the data of a single owner in cloud computing environments. Data storage is a one-time process in the cloud, while data retrieval is a frequent operation. Experimental results demonstrate that the ESS cryptosystem offers robust data confidentiality in the cloud, surpassing the security provided by traditional cryptosystems. The research also introduces a secure cloud framework designed to accommodate both individuals and organizations accessing applications and data in the cloud. While individual users may generate and share data, organizations often involve multiple users in data sharing to support their business processes. In these scenarios, multi-user data ownership and access management become critical, requiring secure sharing of cryptographic keys among the authorized users. To address these issues and ensure data confidentiality in multi-user cloud environments, the Improved Secure Cloud Data Storage Framework (ISCDSF) is introduced. This research not only enhances data security but also provides a comprehensive framework for secure data sharing in the cloud, catering to the needs of both individual users and organizations

Synergistic Effect of Rosmarinus Officinalis Extract with Antibiotics against Different Bacterial Isolates

Bacterial resistance to currently available antibiotics and its rapid increase is a worldwide concern. It is an even bigger problem since this resistance is not often restricted to a specific antibiotic, but generally extends to other compounds of the same class; therefore the need is urgent to develop new antimicrobial agents or new ways to treat the resistant microorganisms. Plants are inexhaustible source of natural antimicrobial compounds that have been found to be "synergistic enhancers" and this enables the use of the antibiotic when it is no longer effective by itself during therapeutic treatment.The aim of this study was to determine the effect of combined application of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) ethanolic extract by its sub-inhibitory concentration with known antibiotics against different pathogenic isolates using disk diffusion method.The results showed that the crude extract led to different effects (synergism, antagonism and indifference) on antimicrobial activity of the tested antibiotics. Synergistic effect was seen in most tested bacteria (63.33%), indifference effect was (26.67%) and antagonism effect was (10%) in tested isolates. These results signify that Rosemary extract potentiates the antimicrobial action of antibiotics, suggesting a possible utilization of this herb in combination therapy against pathogenic organisms

A seasonal study of phytoplankton in the photic and aphotic zones of the Firth of Clyde

The seasonal variations of the phytoplankton in the photic and aphotic zones in the Fairlie Channel, Firth of Clyde, during the period April 1984 to April 1987 were determined by measuring the changes in chlorophyll a and phaeopigments, nutrient concentrations, total biomass in terms of cell numbers, total particulate matter, oxidizable organic carbon and carbon fixation rates. The phytoplankton composition was also determined in terms of the species present and the balance of planktonic and benthic species present in the suspended populations in both the photic and aphotic zones, as well as the pigment assay by chromatographic analysis. The presence of attached (benthic and epiphytic) diatoms in the suspended algal biomass could, on occasions, be correlated with preceding wind data. Fortnightly samples were collected from two stations in the middle of Fairlie Channel. The seasonal patterns of phytoplankton, nutrients and productivity for the photic zone in this Channel were similar to those obtained in the past studies. The general seasonal variations for this zone in the present study for cell numbers and carbon fixation followed the chlorophyll a changes with high values of these parameters during the peak periods of phytoplankton quantities in the spring, on some occasions in summer and autumn, whilst in the winter months these gave the very low measurements. Similar general trends of chlorophyll a, total cell numbers and carbon fixation rates were obtained in the aphotic zone throughout 1984-1987 with lower levels than that in the photic zone, although occasionally comparable high values were obtained during spring, summer and autumn, so reflecting the links between increases of the photic phytoplankton biomass and aphotic populations. The phytoplankton composition was always dominated by Skeletonema costatum in the spring outburst period constituting 92-98% of total biomass during 1985-1987 in the photic and aphotic zones, with a similar phytoplankton population in both zones. Nutrient levels were generally higher in the aphotic zone, indicating its likely role as a nutrient reservoir. The samples incubated in the laboratory for carbon fixation measurements during 1986 have given some indication of potential activity of phytoplankton in the natural environments. These studies have revealed the viability of the aphotic zone phytoplankton populations, with a retained capability of photosynthetic activity once returned to the lighted regions, although the stress effects of a prolonged residence in the dark regions would counteract this potential activity

The Crime of Polluting Canals in the Iraqi Penal Code

تعد جريمة تلويث الترع من الجرائم المستحدثة التي تعرف انتشارا رهيبا وخطيرا يهدد العالم وبالأخص العراق باعتباره من الدول الزراعية ويتمتع بأوساط مائية مختلفة، إذ بلغت الانتهاكات الممارسة على البيئة المائية من طرف المجرمين البيئيين أوجها بدخول الإنسان عصر الصناعة والاستكشافات والتكنولوجيا, لذلك جاءت هذه الدراسة القانونية لتسليط الضوء على الآليات القانونية الكفيلة بمكافحة الجرائم الماسة بالترع خاصة التلويث بدراسة الأحكام العامة لجريمة تلويث الترع بإبراز الخصوصية التي تتميز بها هذه الأخيرة عن الجرائم التقليدية، ثم الوقوف على الوسائل الجزائية التي قررها المشرع العراقي في قانون العقوبات لمواجهة جريمة تلويث الترع.       The crime of polluting canals is one of the new crimes that know a terrible and dangerous spread that threatens the world, especially Iraq as it is one of the agricultural countries and enjoys different water media, as the violations practiced on the water environment by environmental criminals reached their climax with the entry of man into the era of industry, exploration and technology, so this legal study came to highlight Shedding light on the legal mechanisms guaranteeing the fight against crimes affecting canals, especially pollution, by studying the general provisions of the crime of polluting canals, by highlighting the privacy that distinguishes the latter from traditional crimes, and then standing on the penal means decided by the Iraqi legislator in the penal code to confront the crime of polluting canals &nbsp

Beta-cell autophagy under the scope of hypoglycemic drugs; possible mechanism as a novel therapeutic target

Physiologically, autophagy is a major protective mechanism of β-cells from apoptosis, through can reserve normal β- cell mass and inhibit the progression of β-cells destruction. Beta-cell mass can be affected by differentiation from progenitors and de-differentiation as well as self-renewal and apoptosis. Shred evidence indicated that hypoglycemic drugs can induce β-cell proliferation capacity and neogenesis via autophagy stimulation. However, prolonged use of selective hypoglycemic drugs has induced pancreatitis besides several other factors that contribute to β-cell destruction and apoptosis initiation. Interestingly, some nonhypoglycemic medications possess the same effects on β-cells but depending on the combination of these drugs and the duration of exposure to β-cells. The paper comprehensively illustrates the role of the hypoglycemic drugs on the insulin-producing cells and the pathogeneses of β-cell destruction in type 2 diabetes mellitus, in addition to the regulation mechanisms of β-cells division in norm and pathology. The grasping of the hypoglycemic drug’s role in beta-cell is clinically crucial to evaluate novel therapeutic targets such as new signaling pathways. The present paper addresses a new strategy for diabetes mellitus management via targeting specific autophagy inducer factors (transcription factors, genes, lipid molecules, etc.)

Synthesis of some new spirothiazolidinone and spiroazetidinone derivatives incorporated with quinazoline

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Role Enhancement of ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO/Ag composite for Medical Applications

ZnO nanoparticles assisted with ethanol and 2propanol as capping agent investigated the medical activities of ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO/Ag composite. ZnO nanoparticles were prepared using zinc acetate and silver nitrate as a source of zinc and silver. ZnO/Ag composite also prepared and studied the medical activities. XRD pattern indicates that the structure of ZnO was hexagonal wurtzite with average size 5 nm according to Scherre's formula. The optical band gap of ZnO nanoparticle showed very sensitive for using different capping agent as shown in UV-VIS spectra and also showed blue shift in wavelength corresponding to capping agent. Finally, the antibacterial properties of ZnO and ZnO/Ag composite against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria have been demonstrated using well diffusion method and indentify their antibacterial effects compared with organic antibacterial agents. Keywords: ZnO nanoparticles, ZnO/Ag composite, antibacterial