Policies and Innovation Hubs: Evaluating Policies that Support and Sustain the Tech Industry in New York City

Cities around the world are seeking to accommodate the needs of a new generation of technology based industries and firms, whose innovation model depends on proximity and whose talent pool prefers urban locations and lifestyles. Such cities are motivated to host a larger portion of this innovation economy in order to grow a new base of jobs, adjust to the process of industrial change, or leverage technology for the challenges of sustainability, resilience, and social cohesion. Many are trying to raise their innovation profile by focusing investment and promotion on new ‘innovation hubs or districts’, locations within their city where the innovation economy might cluster and concentrate. The innovation economy is proving to be a disruptor and opportunity for cities, businesses and the real estate sector. Consequently, this thesis focuses on the effectiveness of governmental policies in promoting and sustaining the tech industry and its spatial manifestation, innovation districts, in New York City

MODELING THE MEDIATING ROLE OF JOB BURNOUT IN INFLUENCE OF JOB STRESS ON THE COMMITMENT AND TURNOVER OF EMPLOYEES OF BRANCHES OF SADERAT BANK IN ZABOL

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of job stress on the commitment and turnover of the employees of Saderat Bank in Zabol by considering the mediating role of job burnout. The statistical population of this study consists of all employees and managers of branches of Saderat Bank in Zabol, who are currently working. According to the prosecution, the size of the population is estimated 1248 people. For sampling, the Cochran sample size formula with limited population was used. Finally, 295 statistical units were analyzed. The data collection instrument used in this study was a series of standard questionnaires. Additionally, in order to describe the data analysis and to test the hypothesis of the research, inferential statistics and structural equation modeling method have been usedand analyzed via LISREL. After analyzing the data, the results of research hypothesis testing indicate that job stress has a positive effect on job burnout and job stress has positive effect on turnover. In addition, the negative effect of job burnout on organizational commitment was accepted.Keywords: Job Stress, Job Burnout, Organizational Commitment, Branches of Saderat Bank in Zabol

A Survey of Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Iran

This study examines the relationship of Emotional Intelligence (EI) with Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). In that respect paper also presents the verification of the method. The population of research statistics includes the staffs and employees of Medical Science University, the number of research population is 225 and from the number 122 subjects are selected as the sample by using the method of simple random sampling. The diagnosis of relationship between EI and OCB is accomplished by multi- factors regression analysis. The result shows that there is strong statistical relation between EI and OCB. We also find that conscientiousness and altruism are the variables from OCB which have strong relation to EI.Key words: Emotional intelligence; Organizational citizenship behavior; Conscientiousness; Altruis

Assessing the questionnaires on perceived oral healthcare need: A systematic review

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Perception of the need for oral healthcare plays a key role in creating motivation and demand for utilization of oral healthcare services. Furthermore, people with perceived needs to oral healthcare, due to the higher profit potential of services, will be on higher priority for services. The aim of this study was to undertake a systematic review of the existing literature about questionnaires used for assessing the perceived oral healthcare needs. METHODS: The search was conducted in PubMed, ISI and Scopus databases in March 2016. Questionnaire-based and the papers which aimed to determine the perceived need for any type of oral healthcare and dental treatment were included to this study. After determining the appropriate papers, related data were extracted and reviewed. RESULTS: Out of 7069 records found, 190 questionnaire-based papers were included in the review. Ninety-four papers were related to the overall evaluation of oral healthcare need, which did not ask the need for types of oral healthcare service. Sixty-six papers studied the need for a specified dental service, and thirty papers recorded the types of oral healthcare service via asking the open or multiple choices questions. There were not comprehensive and standard questionnaires covering all the common types of oral healthcare services. CONCLUSION: Despite the importance of considering the perception of needs for oral healthcare, there is a lack of the comprehensive and standard questionnaires. Studies aimed to assess perceived oral healthcare needs should use questionnaires which include appropriate items on common types of oral healthcare services based on the characteristics of the target group. Concordance with perceived and normative need is an issue that should be addressed in future researches. KEYWORDS: Oral Health; Surveys and Questionnaires; Review; Nee

Antimicrobial activity of endophytic bacterial populations isolated from medical plants of Iran

Endophytic actinobacteria colonize inside the plant tissues without causing damages to the host plant. Since these microorganisms colonize in the different parts of plants and can stop plant disease, they have been applied as biological agents for controlling human diseases. The aim of this study was molecular identification and measuring the antimicrobial activity of endophytic Actinomycetes isolated from medicinal plants of Iran. Materials and Methods: The total of 23 medicinal plant samples were collected, sterilized, and crushed. Small pieces of the crushed samples were then cultured directly on three selective media. Grown colonies were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. Each isolate was cultured in TSB medium and then antimicrobial compound was extracted using ethyl acetate and tested against the target bacteria. Results: Sixteen out of 23 bacterial isolates (69%) exhibited antimicrobial activity against the selected pathogenic bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mi-rabilis, Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli. Conclusion: Our Study showed a high phylogenetic diversity and the potent antibiotic activity of endophytic bacteria in medicinal plants of Iran. © 2017, Tehran University of Medical Science. All rights reserved

Patient Safety Behavior in Physicians: How is it Predicted?

Background: Patient safety is a serious global public health issue. Estimates show that every day many patients are harmed while receiving hospital care. Health care staff plays a key role in providing quality and safe patient care, especially physicians who are main members of the medical team and a critical element in patient safety efforts. Objective: The current study used a Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework to investigate predictors of patient safety intentions and behavior of physicians. Methods: This descriptive analytical study was conducted in 8 hospitals with 52 physicians participating. A researcher-designed questionnaire was prepared to investigate patient safety behaviors and behavior constructs of physicians based on the guidelines of constructing a TPB Questionnaire: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations. The content validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS18. Results: The total mean score of physician safety behavior indicated that 3.8±0.92. 42% of physicians reported their safety behavior at a good level. There was no significant difference between the patient safety function of physicians in public and private hospitals (P=0.8) and working in medical or surgical wards (P=0.4). Among TPB constructs, “normative beliefs” had the greatest influence on physician intention for safety behaviors (wald=3.828, P=0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that “normative beliefs” had the greatest influence on physician intention for safety behaviors; therefore, it seems that patient safety must be the most important concern of all health care staff, specifically managers and executives throughout health care centers

The effects of using the Persian weaning tool on mechanical ventilation outcomes among patients with head trauma: A clinical trial

Background: Patients with head trauma need mechanical ventilation in order to protect airway and prevent complications. However, due to the lack of well-developed weaning protocols, weaning failure rate among them is high and hence, they may need mechanical ventilation and stay in hospital for long time, resulting in heavy costs on healthcare systems and high risk of death. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of using the Persian weaning tool on patient outcomes among patients with head trauma under mechanical ventilation. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted in 2018 on sixty patients with head trauma who were receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit of Shahid Rajaei Hospital, Qazvin, Iran. Participants were randomly allocated to an intervention and a control group. Weaning from mechanical ventilation in these groups was performed using the Persian Weaning Tool and routine physiciandirected method, respectively. Groups were compared with each other concerning weaning outcomes through the Mann-Whitney U and the chi-square tests conducted using the SPSS software (version 23.0). Results: Weaning success rate in the intervention group was significantly greater than the control group (83.3% vs. 56.6%; P = 0.024) and the length of hospital stay in the intervention group was significantly shorter than the control group (19.9 vs. 28.9 days; P = 0.05). However, there were no significant between-group differences concerning extubation success rate (80.0% vs. 63.3%; P = 0.252) and mechanical ventilation duration (7.5 vs. 8.7 days; P = 0.3). Conclusions: The use of the Persian Weaning tool is effective in increasing weaning success rate and shortening hospital stay but has no significant effects on extubation success rate and mechanical ventilation duration. Specific weaning assessment tools and protocols need to be developed for patients with neurologic conditions. Keywords: Head Trauma, Brain Injury, Mechanical Ventilation, Weaning, Intensive Care Uni

The Status of Outsourcing Services in a Specialized Tehran Hospital Using SWOT

Background: Outsourcing in healthcare is a cost-effective strategy that reduces costs and increases service quality. Managers must attempt to outsource healthcare services using scientific methods. Objective: This study is a strategic analysis of the outsourcing of health services in one specialty and subspecialty hospital in Tehran. Methods: This mixed method study (quantitative-qualitative) was performed in 2014 at one of the biggest specialty hospitals in Tehran. Data was collected through interviews, focus discussion groups (FDG), and the internal and external factors evaluation matrix. The study population comprised managers and directors of the hospital. Data was analyzed using Excel 2010 software and SWOT analysis. Results: The final scores for internal and external factors were 2.16 and 2.68, respectively, indicating the hospital had a conservative strategic position for choosing outsourcing strategies. Conclusion: Since this hospital had a conservative strategic position in outsourcing, managers were able to change their outsourcing strategy while considering its advantages and disadvantages and determining the type of services to be outsourced

Evaluation of the Effect of Knowledge Concerning Healthy Nutrition and Nutrition Science on the Knowledge Development Approach

Background: Nutrition can be regarded as an important part of any preparation program, as well as an important part of life. It seems essential to develop nutritional science and improve eating habits with the purpose of developing a healthy diet and avoiding the outcomes that arise from a lack of nutrition. Proper nutrition is one of the important factors for the development of health. Lack of sufficient awareness about nutrition can result in improper eating habits. Objectives: The present study evaluated the effect of knowledge about healthy nutrition and nutrition science on the knowledge development approach. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the statistical population consisted of 190 experts and other scholars in the area of nutritional science. A questionnaire based on demographic details, nutritional science, nutrition education, research, proper solutions to individuals’ nutritional problems, and a culture of nutrition was used for data collection. Results: A relatively strong positive correlation was found between the knowledge development approach, nutritional science, nutrition education and research, and proper solutions for individual nutritional problems and a culture of nutrition (P < 0.001). Conclusions: 1) Effective enhancement and participation in an academic community will be important in the future of food and nutrition security; however, major gaps and weaknesses also exist in this context; 2) The main weaknesses in relation to the lack of clear policies and procedures include focusing on only Tehran, Iran; the need to overcome bureaucracy; and problems related to motivation, capital, and international communications; 3) Qualitative and quantitative improvement of research is not possible without access to skilled experts and researchers; 4) To solve these problems, it will be beneficial to pay more attention to the role of universities, facilitate intellectual communication among professors in Tehran and other provinces, ensure that Iranian professors are employed abroad, develop educational and research cooperation with foreign countries, and ensure that facilities for international cooperation put in place by united nations (UN) agencies are used. Keywords: Nutritional Science, Knowledge Management, Foo