Can Physical Activity Patterns before and during Pregnancy and Anxiety be Related to Preterm Birth?

AbstractIntroduction: Changes of physical activity before and during three trimesters of pregnancy known as pattern of physical activity and anxiety during pregnancy can be two concerns of pregnant women about preterm birth which require clarification. So, this retrospective study aimed to assess the effect of pattern of physical activity, and anxiety on preterm birth in Iranian pregnant women.Methods: This study was a kind of descriptive correlation which was performed retrospectively. Participants of this study (2019-2020) included 118 pregnant women with preterm (n=62) and term (n=56) birth who participated in the study voluntarily and were selected according to the study inclusion criteria. The energy cost of physical activity before and during three trimesters of pregnancy, and anxiety level were recorded through interview using pregnancy physical activity (PPAQ) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale Anxiety (HADS) questionnaires respectively.Results: There was no significant difference between preterm and term birth groups regarding total physical activity, and sedentary behavior energy expenditure before and during pregnancy as well as anxiety during pregnancy(P>0.05). Physical activity pattern was not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). However, physical activity before pregnancy was significantly higher than all trimesters of pregnancy in both groups of the study (P<0.001). In two groups of preterm and term deliver, physical activity reduced in the third compared to the second trimester of pregnancy similarly.Conclusions: Physical activity reduced during pregnancy in preterm and term birth women similarly. In this study, physical activity, sedentary behavior and anxiety during pregnancy and before it were not effective on the pre-term birth

Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Iranian Propolis and Calcium Hydroxide on Dental Pulp Fibroblasts

Abstract Background and aims. Since intracanal medicaments can affect the cell viability in periapical tissues, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium hydroxide and propolis on pulp fibroblasts. Materials and methods. Two healthy third molars were used as a source to obtain fibroblasts. The fibroblasts were cultured and subjected to 1 mg/mL of propolis and calcium hydroxide. This experiment was performed in six replicates and cell viability was evaluated with MTT assay. Statistical analysis was performed by t-test. Results. Comparison of cell viability with the use of 1 mg/mL of calcium hydroxide and propolis showed that cells subjected to propolis were more viable when compared to calcium hydroxide (P < 0.05). Conclusion. In this study, calcium hydroxide reduced fibroblast viability, significantly more than Iranian propolis. Other properties should be evaluated before Iranian propolis could be indicated for use as intracanal medicament

Cytotoxicity of Triple Antibiotic Paste and Calcium Hydroxide against Cultured Human Dental Pulp Fibroblasts

Objective: In necrotic immature teeth, intra canal medicaments such as triple antibiotic paste (TAP) and calcium hydroxide (CH) are used for root canal disinfection and regeneration treatment. However, the effect of these medicaments on dental pulp fibroblasts has yet to be known. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity of CH and TAP against cultured human dental pulp fibroblasts (HDPFs) obtained from third molars.Methods: In this in vitro study, fibroblasts were obtained from the dental pulp of two third molars. Fibroblasts were exposed to 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/mL concentrations of TAP and CH. Six samples were prepared of each medicament and fibroblast viability was evaluated after 72 hours. Data were analyzed using one-way and two-way ANOVA (p&lt;0.001). The percentage of cell viability was calculated and the cytotoxicity of the medicament was categorized as severe (30%), moderate (30- 60%), mild (60-90%) and non-toxic (&gt;90%).Results: In TAP samples, only the 10 mg/mL concentration had a significant difference with the control group in terms of the percentage of cell viability and showed moderate cytotoxicity. In CH samples, the 1 and 10 mg/mL concentrations showed significant differences with the control group and were severely cytotoxic.Conclusion: Reduction in cell viability of fibroblasts by increase in concentration was significantly greater in CH compared to TAP group. Thus, in regeneration treatments, these medicaments must be used in concentrations with adequate therapeutic and insignificant adverse effects on fibroblasts

Attitude and readiness of Dentistry students in Kerman University of Medical Sciences concerning Tele-dentistry in 2017

Introduction: Tele-dentistry is the use of information and telecommunications technology for dental care, counseling, education and public awareness in the same way as remote medical. Tele-dentistry is a relatively new field that can change the dental care system. However, many dentists are unaware of the goals, benefits, and how to participate. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the knowledge and attitude of dental students regarding telemedicine. Methods:The present study is descriptive-analytic. The study population consisted of all dental students in Kerman in year 2017 and sample of 230 students selected by proportional sampling. For data collection, a complete English translation of an English-language article in the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, whose validity was confirmed by three of the leading medical informatics specialists in English, was then used to analyze the data using the software SPSS 19. Results: The findings of this study showed that there is no significant difference between the students' age, sex and term of education with their knowledge of tele-dentistry (P&gt;0.05). Knowledge and attitude of 72% of students in tele-dentistry is very low. 40% of them said tele-dentistry would be very beneficial and more than half of them would be willing to do tele-dentistry in the future. 81% of them agreed that tele-dentistry could be a good tool for health education and oral health, and effective in educating the health of a large number of people. 75% of them felt that distance dental care saves time, and 81% of students believed that tele-dentistry was not financially feasible. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that many respondents lacked adequate knowledge and knowledge about tele-dentistry. Hence, there is a huge need for awareness among dentists to further the future of dentistry in the future. Therefore, it is suggested that the related institutions take more serious measures for awareness and education about tele-dentistry for students

Propolis: A New Alternative for Root Canal Disinfection

Introduction: This study evaluated and compared colony forming units (CFUs) and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of calcium hydroxide and propolis as intracanal medicaments.Materials and Methods: Eighty human single-root and caries-free teeth were selected and divided into five groups. Crowns were removed. Root canals were then prepared in a step-back manner. The samples were then inoculated by Enterococcus (E.) faecalis and incubated for 21 days. Intracanal medications were applied including, calcium hydroxide (n=20), propolis (n=20), and ethanol (n=20). Two groups of 10 teeth were also used as the positive and negative controls. Microbiological sampling was performed utilizing a piezo-reamer drill after one week of incubation. The samples were plated and CFUs were counted after 48 hours. MICs of calcium hydroxide and propolis were measured by serial dilution and agar dilution methods, respectively. The statistical tests of ANOVA and Duncan post-hoc were used to compare different medications.Results: MICs and CFUs of propolis were dramatically less than calcium hydroxide. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (P&lt;0.001).Conclusion: Our results reveal that propolis is an effective antimicrobial intracanal agent

Determining attitude and readiness of Medical students in Kerman University of Medical Sciences concerning acceptance of Decision Support Systems for Electronic Prescription in 2017

Introduction: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) are any computer program designed to assist health care professionals in making clinical decisions, especially at the moment of action. These information systems are flexible and interactive, helping people by making use of models and rules of a comprehensive database, or on the basis of clinical guidelines, to make applicable decisions, especially solving difficult problems with common scientific methods. Therefore, these systems support complex medical decisions, increase their effectiveness, and can lead to a reduction in the types of medical errors, such as medication errors. However, knowledge and attitude of the future physicians in the country about these systems is unclear. The purpose of this study was Determining attitude and readiness of Medical students concerning acceptance of Decision Support Systems for Electronic Prescription. Methods: This research is descriptive-analytic. The research population included general medical students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2017. Out of these students, a sample of 226 people was selected by proportional sampling. Data collection was done using a standard questionnaire. The questionnaire was first translated into Persian and then its validity was confirmed by three medical informatics specialists. Data analysis was done descriptively-analytically using SPSS 19. Results: The findings of this study showed that 17% of students (n=36) knew about this system and how to use it, and 83% of them (n=177) were willing to learn and use this system to practice their profession in the future. More than half of them (n=121) believed that using this system would Reduce errors in prescribing. 80% of them (n=170) lacked a strategic plan to implement a decision support system for electronic prescription and a lack of standard and acceptable software, and about 60% (n=128) lack of financial incentives and lack of sufficient evidence Concerned about the usefulness of using it as a potential obstacle to the implementation of this system. There was no significant difference between the age, sex and term of the students with their familiarity with this system (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that while many students lack sufficient knowledge about the clinical decision support system, they are interested in learning and using it, especially in the field of prescribing drugs. This result indicates that the system is likely to be admitted if it is implemented and educated to medical students and doctors