Focal Choroidal Excavation in a Case of Choroidal Osteoma Associated with Choroidal Neovascularization

Purpose: To report a case of choroidal osteoma associated with reactivation of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and development of focal choroidal excavation (FCE). Case Report: A 34-year-old woman with choroidal osteoma complicated by CNV in the right eye for two years presented with deterioration of visual acuity in her right eye. A small retinal hemorrhage accompanied by subretinal fluid (SRF) was seen in the macular area of the right eye. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed that the inner retina was intact, and the outer retinal layers had outward displacement. SRF and a wedge-shaped choroidal depression were also seen. This choroidal excavation was not present on previous OCT images. The integrity of the inner retinal layers was maintained, and an optically clear space was present between the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium. Conclusion: Choroidal osteoma can be complicated by CNV and FCE could occur as a consequence. Again, FCE can lead to CNV development. This cascade can deteriorate vision and sometime lead to permanent visual loss

JDNN: Jacobi Deep Neural Network for Solving Telegraph Equation

In this article, a new deep learning architecture, named JDNN, has been proposed to approximate a numerical solution to Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). The JDNN is capable of solving high-dimensional equations. Here, Jacobi Deep Neural Network (JDNN) has demonstrated various types of telegraph equations. This model utilizes the orthogonal Jacobi polynomials as the activation function to increase the accuracy and stability of the method for solving partial differential equations. The finite difference time discretization technique is used to overcome the computational complexity of the given equation. The proposed scheme utilizes a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) to accelerate the learning process by taking advantage of the neural network platforms. Comparing the existing methods, the numerical experiments show that the proposed approach can efficiently learn the dynamics of the physical problem

Is it necessary to pay attention to levels of evidence? : Comparative study in Nursing publications indexed in Scopous based on AACCN levels of evidence

Examining the evidence-based level of scientific productions is a qualitative evaluation. This study aims to examine the evidence levels of nursing scientific production of in Iran, Malaysia and Turkey and their citation in SCOPUS during 2011 to 2015. The evidence level of the products was determined using the table suggested by American Association of Critical Care Nursing-Levels of Evidence, and their citation rates in the highest level of evidence were determined using the reports of SCOPUS citation database. Based on the results, the most scientific products are related to Turkey, Iran and Malaysia, respectively. In Iran, from 1360 articles, 1193 articles are evidence- based. In Turkey, there are 1449 evidence-based articles from 1730. In Malaysia, out of 790 articles, 523 are evidence-based. Investigating of evidence levels showed that the level of scientific product of Iranian evidence-based nursing is higher than Malaysia and Turkey.C itation rate to Malaysian evidence level A is more than two other countries, and Iran and Turkey, respectively, are placed after Malaysia. So Evidence-based tendency process is growing in three countries but very slowly. In line with the moving towards the evidence-based levels, there should be regular, planned and comprehensive trainings on evidence-based performance

Survey on AI Ethics: A Socio-technical Perspective

The past decade has observed a great advancement in AI with deep learning-based models being deployed in diverse scenarios including safety-critical applications. As these AI systems become deeply embedded in our societal infrastructure, the repercussions of their decisions and actions have significant consequences, making the ethical implications of AI deployment highly relevant and important. The ethical concerns associated with AI are multifaceted, including challenging issues of fairness, privacy and data protection, responsibility and accountability, safety and robustness, transparency and explainability, and environmental impact. These principles together form the foundations of ethical AI considerations that concern every stakeholder in the AI system lifecycle. In light of the present ethical and future x-risk concerns, governments have shown increasing interest in establishing guidelines for the ethical deployment of AI. This work unifies the current and future ethical concerns of deploying AI into society. While we acknowledge and appreciate the technical surveys for each of the ethical principles concerned, in this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview that not only addresses each principle from a technical point of view but also discusses them from a social perspective

Reduced switch multilevel inverter topologies for renewable energy sources

This article proposes two generalized multilevel inverter configurations that reduce the number of switching devices, isolated DC sources, and total standing voltage on power switches, making them suitable for renewable energy sources. The main topology is a multilevel inverter that handles two isolated DC sources with ten power switches to create 25 voltage levels. Based on the main proposed topology, two generalized multilevel inverters are introduced to provide flexibility in the design and to minimize the number of elements. The optimal topologies for both extensive multilevel inverters are derived from different design objectives such as minimizing the number of elements (gate drivers, DC sources), achieving a large number of levels, and minimizing the total standing voltage. The main advantages of the proposed topologies are a reduced number of elements compared to those required by other existing multilevel inverter topologies. The power loss analysis and standalone PV application of the proposed topologies are discussed. Experimental results are presented for the proposed topology to demonstrate its correct operation. © 2013 IEEE

Evaluation of Suitable Connection Point of Skin Probe for Temperature Control in Premature Infants under Radiant Heating Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Background and Objectives: Placement of skin heat probe for continuous monitoring of infant body temperature is one of the main components of neonatal care. Therefore, managing the body temperature of newborns under radiation warmers requires a lot of attention from nurses to prevent unwanted complications. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate connection point of skin probe for temperature control in premature infants under radiant heating admitted to neonatal intensive care units in Hamadan in 2020. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 140 infants aged 34 to 37 weeks admitted to neonatal intensive care units in Hamadan in 2020 who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study by available methods. The incubator temperature was set at 37 degrees and it was the same for all infants. For each infant, the probe was attached to the forehead, chest between the ribs, right axillar, arms adjacent to the nipple, right armpit, back of the legs, and upper thigh, respectively. The baby's temperature displayed on the digital warmer screen was recorded two minutes later. A researcher-made checklist was used to record the data and the data were analyzed using t-test and Paired t-test. Results: The correlation between left and right axillary was highest, meaning that the best location for the incubator thermometer probe, after the left axillary is the right axillary (r = 0.91, P = 0.001). Conclusions: The most suitable place for connecting skin probe for temperature control after left axillary, is the right axillary

The Effect of Magnesium Sulfate on Renal Colic Pain Relief; a Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: Renal colic can be managed by preventing the contraction movements of ureter muscles. By reducing acetylcholine in the nerve terminals, magnesium sulfate could be effective in this regard. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of magnesium sulfate on acute renal colic pain relief. Method: The present study was a double-blind clinical trial in which the patients suffering from acute renal colic were randomly divided into 2 groups of who either received standard protocol (intravenous infusion of 0.1 mg/Kg morphine sulfate, 30 mg of Ketorolac, and 100 ml normal saline as placebo/15 minutes) or standard protocol plus 15 mg/Kg of intravenous magnesium sulfate 50%/100 ml normal saline/15 minutes. Severity of patients’ pain was measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) at baseline, and 30 and 60 minutes after infusion. The collected data were analyzed using STATA statistical software. Results: 100 cases were randomly allocated to intervention or control group. The two groups were similar in baseline pain score and demographic characteristics. At 30 and 60 minutes, mean pain score was less in the intervention group compared to the control group. Moreover, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant regarding the additional amount of morphine, suggesting that the intervention group needed less additional morphine than the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Magnesium sulfate can be used as an adjunct drug in treatment of patients suffering from renal colic. It not only alleviates the pain in the patients, but also diminishes the need for pain medications