Educational needs assessment of gestational diabetes in pregnant women for safe delivery and healthy baby birth

زمینه و هدف: دیابت حاملگی با شیوعی حدود 7 درصد موارد حاملگی، مختص زنان باردار می باشد و موجب عدم تحمل گلوکز در آنان می گردد. عدم تشخیص و درمان به موقع آن موجب عوارض جدی در مادر و جنین طی دوران بارداری و هنگام زایمان می شود. این مطالعه با هدف نیاز سنجی آموزشی زنان باردار از دیابت حاملگی جهت انجام زایمان ایمن و تولد نوزاد سالم طراحی و اجرا شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی مقطعی، 101 زن باردار مراجعه کننده به مراکز بهداشتی درمانی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد در بهار سال 1393، به روش نمونه گیری آسان انتخاب و وارد مطالعه شدند. از پرسشنامه ای محقق ساخته متشکل از 40 سوال شامل سه بخش سوالات دموگرافیک، آگاهی سنجی و نیاز سنجی آموزشی به عنوان ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات استفاده شد. میزان آگاهی و نیاز آموزشی زنان باردار در خصوص زایمان ایمن و تولد نوزاد سالم ارزیابی گردید. یافته ها: زنان با تحصیلات در مقطع کاردانی، همچنین زنانی که در بستگان خود دارای فرد دیابتی بودند، اطلاعات بیشتری در مورد دیابت داشتند. به طور میانگین 1/92 درصد زنان باردار به سوالات آگاهی سنجی پاسخ صحیح و 9/7 درصد پاسخ اشتباه دادند. در راستای نیاز سنجی آموزشی 1/64 درصد اعلام نمودند که در رابطه با موضوعات مرتبط با دیابت دوران بارداری نیاز به آموزش دارند و 9/35 درصد اعلام نمودند نیاز به آموزش ندارند. 3/87 درصد زنان از عوارض دیابت حاملگی بر سلامت جنین و نوزاد آگاهی متوسط و خوب و 7/12 درصد آگاهی ضعیف داشتند. نتیجه گیری: زنان باردار با سن کمتر از 35 سال، به علت عدم اطلاع از پایین بودن میزان آگاهی خود، بیشتر در معرض خطر بوده و نیاز به توجه و آموزش بیشتری در زمینه دیابت حاملگی جهت انجام زایمان ایمن و تولد نوزاد سالم دارند

Comparing of letrozole versus clomiphene citrate combined with gonadotropins in intrauterine insemination cycles

Background: Clomiphene citrate (CC) an agonist and antagonist of estrogen, is the first line treatment in ovarian stimulation. Anti-estrogenic effect of CC in endometrial thickness and cervical mucus has negative effect on pregnancy rate. Letrozole is an Aromatase Inhibitor has been seen that has acceptable pregnancy rate compared to CC. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of letrozole and clomiphene citrate (CC) with gonadotropins for ovarian stimulation in women candidate for intrauterine insemination (IUI). Materials and Methods: One hundred sixty patients eligible to IUI therapy enrolled in this study. Patients randomized to two groups: group A (received letrozole-gonadotropin) and group B (received CC-gonadotropin). In group A (n=80) letrozole was given on days 3-7 of the menstrual cycles. In group B clomiphen citrate was given like letrozole combined with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) administered every day starting on day 8. Ovulation was triggered with urinary HCG when the leading follicle (s) reached 18 mm in diameter. A single IUI was performed 36-40 hours later. The ovarian stimulation response (E2 levels and number of follicles, clinical pregnancy and endometrial thickness) was primary outcome. Results: Both groups were similar in demographic characteristics. There was a significantly lower peak serum E2 level in the letrozole group compared with CC. (236±86 Vs. 283±106 pg/mL, respectively; p <0.002). The number of mature (>18 mm) preovulatory follicles was significantly higher in CC group than letrozole group (2.2±.68 Vs. 2.02±0.63 respectively; p=0.025). Endometrial thickness measured at the time of hCG administration was significantly higher in letrozole group. (9.08±1.2 mm Vs. 8.1±1.9 mm; p=0.0001). The clinical pregnancy rate was comparable between two groups. Conclusion: Letrozole is a good and cost-effective alternative to CC in IUI cycles

Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes/Ionic Liquid Nanocomposite Modified Carbon-ceramic Electrode: Electrochemistry and Measurement of Tryptophan in the Presence of Uric Acid

In the present work, an efficient modified carbon-ceramic electrode by multi-walled carbon nanotubes/ionic liquid nanocomposite (MWCNTs/IL/CCE) was prepared through a simple and repeatable procedure. The introduced modified electrode was used for the study of the electrochemical behaviour and determination of tryptophan (Trp) in the presence of uric acid (UA) using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and amperometry techniques. The MWCNTs/IL/CCE exhibited high electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of Trp in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0) which led to produce an anodic peak at about 0.67 V vs. saturated calomel electrode. The influential parameters such as pH, amount and ratio of MWCNTs/IL in the nanocomposite modifier on the electrocatalytic activity of the MWCNTs/IL/CCE were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the anodic peak current in DPV method is linear for the Trp concentrations in the ranges of 5×10-7 M to 7×10-5 M with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and detection limit of 3.2×10-7 M (S/N=3). The relative standard deviation of the anodic peak current obtained for a 5.0×10-5 M Trp solution was 2.2% (n=6). Finally, DPV method was applied for simultaneous determination of Trp and UA, which demonstrates the applicability of the present modified electrode

Relationship between general health with happiness, inferiority feeling and marital conflict in Borujerd city infertile women

AbstractBackground and aim:Nowadays, infertility and attitudes toward it, cause issues like depression, helplessness and anxiety. The present studyaimed to investigate the relationship between general health with happiness, inferiority feeling, and marital conflict ininfertile women.Methods and Materials:In this cross-sectional analytical study, 100 infertile women selected by convenience sampling. General HealthQuestionnaire (GHQ), the oxford happiness scale, inferiority feeling and Kansas Marital Conflict Scale (KMCS) wereused as data gathering tools. The Validity of the questionnaires were determined by the content and face validity. Thereliability of the questionnaires was determined using the internal consistency method. The calculated Cronbach’s alphafor general health questionnaire, happiness, inferiority feeling and the marital conflicts scale were 88%, 93%, 76%, and95% respectively. Data was analyzed using SPSS-16 software by a Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regressionResults:100 infertile women 18 - 43 years old with an average age of 29.3 were studied. 55% of women had moderate levels ofeconomic conditions and only 6% of them were referred to a psychologist or psychiatrist. The general health of thewomen with a minimum of 32 and maximum of 87 and a mean (56/14) was at moderate level. The results showed thatthere were significant relationship between general health, happiness and inferiority feeling (p &lt;0.01), while there wasno significant relationship between marital conflict and general health. Regression analysis showed that happiness andinferiority feeling with respect to the beta coefficient (-0.56, 0.21) can vary significantly predict their general health.Conclusion:General health of infertile women could be affected by the happiness and inferiority feeling. According to the results, itseems that professional assistance from psychologists and clinical psychiatrists is useful in helping infertile patients tocope better with problems caused by infertility.Keywords:Health; Happiness; Inferiority Feeling; Marital Conflict; Infertilit

Teaching Problem-Solving for Parents: Effects on Children's Misbehavior

AbstractThe ability to solve problems is one of the crucial skills in our life. Along with brisk changes in new societies, social demands and standards have been changed, and human being, now is facing new and more complicated challenges. Resolving many of these new problems require a higher level of thinking abilities. Since many individuals possess potential ability to solve problems, but they are not able to apply such skills to their daily life activities, teaching problem solving skills seem indispensable. The main objective of the present study is to assess the efficacy of teaching problem-solving skills in the form of workshops. Each workshop consists of 10 sessions, two hours each, in which experienced mediators will present lesson plans to parents. In each lesson plan, a difficult situation will be presented to parents and they have to seek a solution for it. In this study, 255 individuals (216 female and 39 Male) participated in 12 workshops. 176 pairs of questionnaires (pre and post-test) were gathered and analyzed and the rest were omitted due to missing pre or post testing results. The present research is a semi- empirical with pre and post-testing method without control group. The efficiency of these workshops was assessed by using two custom-made questionnaires, before and after the workshop sessions. Findings show that teaching problem solving skills was especially effective for female participants and the adjustment of their children's behaviour. At the end, the application of the present outcomes, limitation of the study, and suggestions for further research are presented