Vaccination with transgenic Eimeria tenella expressing Eimeria maxima AMA1 and IMP1 confers partial protection against high level E. maxima challenge in a broiler model of coccidiosis.

Poultry coccidiosis is a parasitic enteric disease with a highly negative impact on chicken production. In-feed chemoprophylaxis remains the primary method of control, but the increasing ineffectiveness of anticoccidial drugs, and potential future restrictions on their use has encouraged the use of commercial live vaccines. Availability of such formulations is constrained by their production, which relies on the use of live chickens. Several experimental approaches have been taken to explore ways to reduce the complexity and cost of current anticoccidial vaccines including the use of live vectors expressing relevant Eimeria proteins. We and others have shown that vaccination with transgenic Eimeria tenella parasites expressing E. maxima Apical Membrane Antigen-1 or Immune Mapped Protein-1 (EmAMA1 and EmIMP1) partially reduces parasite replication after challenge with a low dose of E. maxima oocysts. In the present work we have reassessed the efficacy of these experimental vaccines using commercial birds reared at high stocking densities and challenged with both low and high doses of E. maxima to evaluate how well they protect chickens against the negative impacts of disease on production parameters

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB): Pathogenesis, clinical, diagnostic and genetic aspects, molecular basis, epidemiological aspects, management of patients with EB and translational implications of mutation analysis

Dismorfología, Citogenética y Clínica: Resultados de estudios sobre los datos del ECEMCUnder the term "Epidermolysis Bullosa" (EB), there is a heterogeneous group of vesicular disorders that are generally congenital and of genetic origin, and affect skin and often mucosas. It is remarkable the extreme fragility of these epithelia; the vesicles arise spontaneously as well as induced by even slight trauma or the influence of high temperatures. Their content is sero-hemorrhagic and in the scarring can be very difficult. As a consecuence of the scarring processes, joint contractures and fusion of digits (pseudo-syndactyly) can occur. Pathogenetically, EB is caused by abnormal blistering at the basement membrane zone in the dermal-epidermal attachment zone and its surroundings. This is due to alterations in the attachment complexes, and some mutations have been identified in a total of 10 genes expressed in such level. Four main types of EB can be distinguished (simple, junctional, dystrophic and hemidesmosomal), depending on the level at which the cleavage that forms the bulla takes place, although about 30 subtypes have been described. The clinical characteristics or optic microscopy are not adequate for diagnosis, and it is mandatory to perform electron microscopy, immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical studies, as well as mutation analysis if available. Regarding the epidemiological aspects, in the Spanish Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECEMC), since 1976 up to December 2004, a total of 2,204,264 liveborn infants were controlled and, among them 27 cases have been identified, for a minimum frequency of 0.12 per 10,000 (95% confidence interval:0.08-0.18). It seems generally accepted that the determination of the frequency of EB is subject to multiple biases and registration of cases is always incomplete. We have also reviewed the issues related to management of EB patients by clinicians.N

Cribado neonatal de hipoacusia en el area de salud de Zamora. Experiencia de 7 años

Introduction and objectives: Our aim is to check the program of sifted universally of hearing loss realized in our Hospital from 2003, its acceptance and fulfillment, its results as well as to establish its possible points of improvement and update. Methods: During the year 2003 and 2004 there was realized sifted universally of the newborn children (NB) in our Hospital with evoked otoacustic emissions and accomplishment of auditory potentials to those children with factors of risk or whose were not overcoming the first phase. From 2005 a program is restored of sifted universally by auditory automated potentials. Results: The coverage of the sifted one ranges between 97,7 % of the year 2003 and 99,4 % of 2009. The first reason of not accomplishment of the sifted one was the movement to another Hospital. The first test of sifted was realized before the discharge to less than 95 % of the newborns but the second test before 2 months near 100 %. They go on to diagnosis among 0,1 % and 0,2 % of the RN. 3 cases have been diagnosed of hearing loss. Conclusions: We distinguish the coverage of the program always major from 95 % and his minor rejection of 1 %. The accomplishment of 5 % of the first tests after the discharge does not reverberate in the precocious diagnosis, with the second test before 2 º month and derivation before the third one. We highlight the low percentage of children derived to diagnosis and of hearing loss confirmed, that we believe due to the movement neonatal to the tertiary Hospital of the patients of major risk of hearing loss.Introducción y objetivos: Nuestro objetivo es revisar el programa de cribado universal de hipoacusia realizado en nuestro Hospital desde 2003, su aceptación y cumplimiento, sus resultados así como establecer sus posibles puntos de mejora y actualización. Métodos: Durante los años 2003 y 2004 se realizó cribado universal de los recién nacidos (RN) en nuestro Hospital con etoemisiones acústicas y realización de potenciales auditivos a aquellos niños con factores de riesgo o que no superasen la primera fase. Desde 2005 se instaura un programa de cribado universal con potenciales auditivos automatizados. Resultados: La cobertura del cribado osciló entre el 97,7 % del año 2003 y el 99,4 % de 2009. La primera causa de no realización del cribado es el traslado a otro Hospital. La primera prueba de cribado se realiza antes del alta a menos del 95 % de los RN pero la segunda prueba antes de los 2 meses cerca del 100%. Pasan a diagnóstico entre un 0,1 % y 0,2 % de los RN. Se han diagnosticado 3 casos de hipoacusia. Conclusiones: Destacamos la cobertura del programa siempre mayor del 95% y su rechazo menor del 1%. La realización del 5% de primeras pruebas después del alta no repercute en el diagnóstico precoz, con segunda prueba antes del 2º mes y derivación antes del tercero. Resaltamos el bajo porcentaje de niños derivados a diagnóstico y de hipoacusias confirmadas, que creemos debido al traslado neonatal al Hospital terciario de los pacientes de mayor riesgo de hipoacusia

Transgenic Neospora caninum strains constitutively expressing the bradyzoite NcSAG4 protein proved to be safe and conferred significant levels of protection against vertical transmission when used as live vaccines in mice

At present, there is no effective treatment or vaccine to prevent vertical transmission or abortion associated with Neospora caninum infection in cattle. Different vaccine formulations have been assayed, and live vaccines have shown the most promising results in terms of protection. Previously, transgenic N. caninum tachyzoites expressing the bradyzoite stage-specific NcSAG4 antigen in a constitutive manner (Nc-1 SAG4c) were obtained and showed a reduced persistence of parasite in inoculated mice. Thus, the present study evaluates the Nc-1 SAG4c1.1 and Nc-1 SAG4c2.1 transgenic strains and the Nc-1 wild-type (WT) strain to determine their protective efficacy against vertical transmission and cerebral neosporosis in mice. Consequently, dams were immunized twice with 5 × 105 tachyzoites of each strain and challenged with 2 × 106 tachyzoites of a heterologous and virulent isolate at 7–10 days of gestation. The Nc-1 SAG4c1.1 strain offered less protection than the other transgenic strain (Nc-1 SAG4c2.1) or their ancestor (Nc-1 WT). Indeed, 40%, 7% and 5.6% of the postnatal deaths corresponded to pups from dams vaccinated with Nc-1 SAG4c1.1, Nc-1 SAG4c2.1 and Nc-1 (WT) strains, respectively. In comparison, the non-immunized challenge group had a 100% mortality rate. In addition, mice were protected against congenital transmission; vertical transmission rates were 45%, 11.1% and 10.8% in the Nc-1 SAG4c1.1, Nc-1 SAG4c2.1 and Nc-1 WT immunized groups, respectively, vs. 94.9% in the non-vaccinated infected group. However, this protection against the postnatal mortality and the vertical transmission was not associated with a consistent Th1 or Th2-type immune response. Nonetheless, the Nc-1 SAG4c2.1 strain appears to be the best candidate for use as a live vaccine, as evidenced by results demonstrating its high levels of protection against vertical transmission and its lower persistence in mice, making this transgenic strain safer than Nc-1 WT

Imperfektionssensitivitaet und rechnerischer Nachweis der Beulsicherheit duenner Schalen

TIB Hannover: RN 5905(2232) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Condicionantes de acceso a nuevos medicamentos dermatológicos en España: resultados del proyecto EQUIDAD

Resumen: Antecedentes: En España, aunque el Ministerio de Sanidad elabora el informe de posicionamiento terapéutico (IPT) y las condiciones de reembolso de los fármacos, las Comunidades Autónomas (CC. AA.) gestionan los servicios de salud y deciden sobre las condiciones de prescripción en su ámbito territorial. El objetivo del estudio EQUIDAD fue describir los condicionantes para la prescripción de los nuevos fármacos en Dermatología en las CC. AA. y sus posibles diferencias. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en abril-mayo del 2023. Dos dermatólogos con responsabilidades directivas de cada Comunidad Autónoma (C. A.) informaron sobre los condicionantes autonómicos y locales en la prescripción de los fármacos cuyo IPT para el tratamiento de enfermedades dermatológicas fue publicado en los años 2016-2022. Los datos fueron recogidos mediante un cuestionario online. Resultados: Un total de 33 investigadores de 17 CC. AA. participaron en el estudio. Se observaron inequidades entre CC. AA. para el acceso a los nuevos fármacos. Existieron condicionantes autonómicos adicionales al IPT en psoriasis en el 64,7% de las CC. AA., siendo este porcentaje menor en dermatitis atópica (35,3%) o melanoma (11,8%). El más frecuente fue el requisito de un orden de prescripción previo para el uso del fármaco. En algunas CC. AA. se detectaron además variaciones y condicionantes locales (diferencias entre centros de una misma C. A.). Conclusiones: Existe una multiplicidad de criterios tanto a nivel autonómico como local que añade restricciones adicionales a las establecidas por los IPT y que plantean una situación de inequidad entre los pacientes y los profesionales de las diferentes CC. AA. en el acceso a los nuevos fármacos. Abstract: Background: Although the Spanish Ministry of Health prepares national therapeutic positioning reports (TPRs) and drug reimbursement policies, each of the country's 17 autonomous communities (ACs) is responsible for health care services and prescription requirements in its territory. The aim of the EQUIDAD study was to describe and explore potential differences in prescription requirements for new dermatology drugs across the autonomous communities. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in April and May, 2023. Two dermatologists with management responsibilities from each autonomous community reported on territorial and more local prescription requirements for drugs covered by national TPRs issued between 2016 and 2022. Results: Thirty-three researchers from 17 autonomous communities participated. The data submitted revealed between-community inequities in access to new drugs. Overall, 64.7% of the regions imposed additional prescription requirements to those mentioned in the TPRs for psoriasis. This percentage was lower for atopic dermatitis (35.3%) and melanoma (11.8%). The most common requirement for accessing a new drug was a previous prescription for another drug. Differences and additional requirements were also detected atthe local level (i.e., differences between hospitals within the same autonomous community). Conclusions: Spain's autonomous communities have multiple regional and local prescription requirements that are not aligned with national TPR recommendations. These differences result in inequitable access to new drugs for both patients and practitioners across Spain