Intertextual Adaptability of the Character of Sherlock Holmes from Literature to Film Production

This study explores the theme of intertextuality and adaptation between literature and film on the basis of Sherlock Holmes, the 19th/20th-century character conceived by Arthur Conan Doyle. It shows how the character has been adapted from literature into the cinematic domain on the basis of three modern TV series, including Dr. House (Heel & Toe Films/Fox, 2004), Sherlock (Hartswood Films/BBC, 2010), and Elementary (Hill of Beans/CBS, 2012). Sherlock Holmes, who first appeared in 1887, was originally featured in four novels and 56 short stories. However, since that time Holmes has been adapted for over 240 movies exploiting enormous popularity of this character in a variety of settings. The paper analyzes prototypical, basic features of Sherlock Holmes underlying its intertextual adaptability. As discussed in this study, there are four prototypical features of Sherlock Holmes, i.e. (1) outstanding powers of perception combined with intellect; (2) unconventionality in social behaviour; (3) helpful partner; and (4) ability to use scientific achievements. The paper demonstrates that Sherlock Holmes conceptualized in such a basic manner can act as successfully in modern cinematic productions as it did in late 19th-century literature

Role of genetic aspect in pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis

The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is a very complicated process that involves an intricate array of molecules. Nowadays it is generally accepted that cytokines play an important role in the progression of the clinical presentation of atopic dermatitis. However, emerging data point to the possible involvement of cornified envelope proteins in the development of skin barrier dysfunction and illness. Unfortunately, our knowledge on relation of particular genotype to progression of AD is very limited. Therefore, intensive studies are needed to increase our understanding of genetic background of atopic dermatitis. Hopefully the future research will identify new factors that help us to determine the additional risk for certain patients with atopic dermatitis

Mapping transnational spaces of contemporary Europe: A look at the post-2004 fiction by Polish migrant authors

Poland’s accession to the European Union in 2004 is commonly regarded as a watershed in the history of Polish emigration. The massive inflow of Poles to the EU countries, most notably the United Kingdom, has been amply analysed from the perspective of sociology, economics, and psychology. Simultaneously, the experience of migration and the changes it brings about has attracted the attention of those Polish-born authors who themselves inhabit transnational European spaces, and whose works, featuring migrant characters, are now analysed from different critical perspectives: postcolonial/postcommunist, imagological, and feminist, to name but a few. In this paper, I will focus on three such authors who fictionalise migration in their works while at the same time partaking in the cultural in-betweenness that transnational movement entails: Grażyna Plebanek, A.M. Bakalar, and Agnieszka Dale. My proposition is that by portraying contemporary (Polish) migrants, their works reveal various reconfigurations inherent in the experience of leaving one’s homeland for the host country, with its idiosyncratic, culture-specific features and more universal patterns of integration, or lack thereof. In doing so, these works also reflect upon contemporary Europe and the way in which selfhood and otherness are (mis)represented and enacted in a variety of settings, ranging from the micro context of an individual, through romantic and family relationships, transnational workplace, and even the dystopian post-human spaces of the Europe of the future. As they map the experience of migration in the 21st century, these works dramatize tensions within contemporary European spaces, where one’s gender, ethnicity, and/or provenance affect inter-human relations, challenging and disrupting the official European narrative of “united in diversity.”Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

“Constructing selfhood and otherness in the East-West context"

Since his debut in 2002, Gary Shteyngart, a Russian-American author of Jewish extraction has not only garnered popularity among readers, but also inspired critical interest from reviewers and scholars. While Shteyngart’s talent for satire and his idiosyncratic, fast-pace style of writing undoubtedly account for his popular success, the critics are invariably drawn to the thematic threads that drive his first three novels and bloom in his latest autobiographical work. Among these, there is construction of immigrant identity on the threshold of three cultures, the search for and the development of the writerly voice, and the representation of selfhood and otherness within the East-West context. Accordingly, in this paper I will address these main threads within Shteyngart’s works, focusing particularly on the second one. Drawing on imagology, I will situate Shteyngart’s body of work at the intersections between identity and culture, in order to analyse the role of emotional geographies and cultural maps in his development as a three-culture writer.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Decomposition of Bivariate Inequality Indices by Attributes Revisited

Decomposability of multidimensional inequality indices by attributes is considered a highly desired property. Naga and Geoffard (2006) provided for it in case of three bivariate indices. To this end, they introduced the notion of a copula function into inequality measurement theory which, as a measure of association, is a natural concept for the study of decomposability. We show that the decomposition obtained is unrelated to copulas, and prove that two indices do not admit decomposition if association is indeed measured via copula. Most notably, the proof reveals a necessary property of indices decomposable via copulas which is similar to well-known separability property.multidimensional inequality; decomposition by attributes; copula function

Galaxy Rotation Curves in Covariant Horava-Lifshitz Gravity

Using the multiplicity of solutions for the projectable case of the covariant extension of Horava-Lifshitz Gravity, we show that an appropriate choice for the auxiliary field allows for an effective description of galaxy rotation curves. This description is based on static and spherically symmetric solutions of covariant Horava-Lifshitz Gravity and does not require Dark Matter.Comment: 13 pages, comments and references adde

Real Wages and the Business Cycle in Germany

This paper establishes stylized facts about the cyclicality of real consumer wages and real producer wages in Germany. As detrending methods we apply the deterministic trend model, the Beveridge-Nelson decomposition, the Hodrick-Prescott filter, the Baxter-King filter and the structural time series model. The detrended data are analyzed both in the time domain and in the frequency domain. The great advantage of an analysis in the frequency domain is that it allows to assess the relative importance of particular frequencies for the behavior of real wages. In the time domain we find that both real wages display a procyclical pattern and lag behind the business cycle. In the frequency domain the consumer real wage lags behind the business cycle and shows an anticyclical behavior for shorter time periods, whereas for longer time spans a procyclical behavior can be observed. However, for the producer real wage the results in the frequency domain remain inconclusive.real wages, business cycle, frequency domain, time domain, Germany, trend-cycle decomposition, structural time series model, phase angle

On Meritocratic Inequality Indices

We establish a Theorem on Structural Inequality Indices which provides fundamental link between inequality measurement and a concept of social justice embedded in meritocracy framework by taking axiomatic approach and redefining standard properties of inequality indices in a way that incorporates meritocracy, in particular equality of opportunity concept of Roemer (1998). Taking into account recent proof Benabou(2000) that meritocracy contributes positively to growth, which break the conventional trade off between equity and efficiency, the theorem provides for their connection with the theory of inequality measurement. If an index is to be both an inequality index and meritocratic it has to be of a form given in our theorem. We then propose a two-dimensional measure of meritocratic inequality index and discuss its advantages over standard Gini index and in reflecting better the nature of inequality in a society.inequality measurement, equality of opportunity, meritocracy, social welfare