Felt index, source parameters and ground motion evaluation for earthquakes at Mt. Vesuvius

Results of non-instrumental surveys carried out on the recent and past seismicity at Vesuvius fave been retaken in order to propose new analyses regarding source mechanisms and causative faults. We present the results of the October 9, 1999 earthquake, the most intense event since the 1944 eruption

Analysis of historical and present earthquakes at Vesuvius for seismic hazard evaluation

Introduction At Vesuvius about 600,000 people live on the volcano and the risk associated to a large eruption is very high, but its complete evaluation includes also the potential damage due to earthquakes accompanying eruptions. Moreover low-moderate energy earthquakes are also observed in volcanic active areas during quiescent periods. Generally such events are shallow and produce high intensities in the epicentral area. Today at Vesuvius the high housing density and economic value exposed make the area of considerable importance for mitigating seismic risk. To evaluate the effects of the earthquakes at Vesuvius, data are required on the location, source mechanism and damage levels of historical earthquakes, in addition to understanding how Vesuvius works. A damage map of the maximum earthquake recorded is proposed

Felt index, source parameters and ground motion evaluation for earthquakes at Mt. Vesuvius

Results of non-instrumental surveys carried out on the recent and past seismicity at Vesuvius fave been retaken in order to propose new analyses regarding source mechanisms and causative faults. We present the results of the October 9, 1999 earthquake, the most intense event since the 1944 eruption

Analysis of historical and recent earthquakes at Campi Flegrei caldera for seismic hazard evaluation

Introduction At Campi Flegrei about 500,000 people live on caldera and the risk associated to an eruption is very high, but its complete evaluation includes also the potential damage due to earthquakes accompanying eruptions. Moreover low-moderate energy earthquakes are also observed in volcanic active areas during quiescent periods. Generally such events are shallow and produce high intensities in the epicentral area. Today at Campi Flegrei the high housing density and economic value exposed make the area of considerable importance for mitigating seismic risk. To evaluate the effects of the earthquakes at Campi Flegrei, data are required on the location, source mechanism and damage levels of earthquakes, in addition to understanding how dynamic processes occur. A damage map of the maximum earthquake expected is proposed

Historical eartquakes at Ischia island and seismic hazard assessment

Hystorical data of seismicity at Ischia island (Southern Italy) cover a period of almost 800 years. Since 1228 numerous events exceeded VII MCS degree. The epicentral areas of the earthquakes are located in the northern sector of the island; only one earthquake (1302, VIII MCS degree) was correlated with the latter eruption occurred during 1301-02 AD along the eastern sector of the island. In few cases the earthquakes (1228, 1863, 1881, 1883 AD) were followed by landslides which have produces serious damage while, in average, ground effects (i.e. fractures, capacity and temperature variation of hot springs) were often observed before and after each event. The historical seismicity of Ischia shows the peculiar characteristics of volcanic earthquakes as shallow ipocentral depth ( 1 km), high intensity, strong directional attenuation of effects and local amplification of damages. At Ischia, the 1883 AD earthquake of “Casamicciola” represents the unique example of modern age earthquake in Mediterranean volcanic area which produced more than 2300 fatalities. The catastrophic effects of this earthquake (Imax=XI MCS degree) covered an area of about 3 km2 in the northern sector of the island, while strong attenuation effects were observed, especially along the south and east directions. From 1883 AD until today a seismic silence in the island has been observed. Some events have been felt from the beginning of the 20th century while, in the last 10 years just few events (M < 2), have been recorded by the INGV-OV surveillance seismic network, localized prevalently in the northern sector of the island. The lack of significant seismicity allow the study of macroseimic data of 1883 earthquake as the fundament issue for hazard assessment, also if considering the increasing of housing density and the high exposed value in the island. Data of earthquake damages and ground effects, obtained by archives sources and literature, have been utilized (also using GIS cross-correlation with geological data) in order to evaluate the tendency of the attenuation for different zones of the island, to detach the contribution of the source from the medium, and define the zones of maximum expected damage

Terremoto del 29 dicembre 2013 nel Matese (MW = 5.0). Indagine speditiva degli effetti nell’area epicentrale e analisi preliminare della sequenza sismica.

Il 29 dicembre 2013 un terremoto di magnitudo Mw=5.0 (profondità 10.5 km) è avvenuto nell'area dei Monti del Matese alle ore 18:08:43 ora locale

Nanohaloarchaea as beneficiaries of xylan degradation by haloarchaea

Climate change, desertification, salinisation of soils and the changing hydrology of the Earth are creating or modifying microbial habitats at all scales including the oceans, saline groundwaters and brine lakes. In environments that are saline or hypersaline, the biodegradation of recalcitrant plant and animal polysaccharides can be inhibited by salt-induced microbial stress and/or by limitation of the metabolic capabilities of halophilic microbes. We recently demonstrated that the chitinolytic haloarchaeon Halomicrobium can serve as the host for an ectosymbiont, nanohaloarchaeon ‘Candidatus Nanohalobium constans’. Here, we consider whether nanohaloarchaea can benefit from the haloarchaea-mediated degradation of xylan, a major hemicellulose component of wood. Using samples of natural evaporitic brines and anthropogenic solar salterns, we describe genome-inferred trophic relations in two extremely halophilic xylan-degrading three-member consortia. We succeeded in genome assembly and closure for all members of both xylan-degrading cultures and elucidated the respective food chains within these consortia. We provide evidence that ectosymbiontic nanohaloarchaea is an active ecophysiological component of extremely halophilic xylan-degrading communities (although by proxy) in hypersaline environments. In each consortium, nanohaloarchaea occur as ectosymbionts of Haloferax, which in turn act as scavenger of oligosaccharides produced by xylan-hydrolysing Halorhabdus. We further obtained and characterised the nanohaloarchaea–host associations using microscopy, multi-omics and cultivation approaches. The current study also doubled culturable nanohaloarchaeal symbionts and demonstrated that these enigmatic nano-sized archaea can be readily isolated in binary co-cultures using an appropriate enrichment strategy. We discuss the implications of xylan degradation by halophiles in biotechnology and for the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals

First-line treatment and outcome of elderly patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL)—a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis

Evidence for prognosis and treatment of elderly patient with primary central nervous system is limited. High-dose methotrexate should be applied whenever possible, especially combination with oral alkylating agents is a promising approach. Further combinations with other intravenous drugs do not seem to improve outcome. More prospective trials designed for elderly PCNSL patients are warrante