‘Empowering leadership’ improves firm productivity

It increases job satisfaction, effort and creativity, write Øyvind L. Martinsen and Stein Amundse

Setting the scene: Partners' leadership behavior and employees' perceptions of work performance in professional service firms

The effect of leadership behavior on work performance is highly context sensitive. We address this notion by investigating leadership behavior in one important but understudied organizational context—namely, professional service firms (PSFs). We examine how partners’ leadership behavior in a PSF relates to employee self-leadership, creative climate, and work performance (N = 442). The results show that partners’ consideration leadership behavior is positively related to employees’ perceived work performance. Moreover, partners’ consideration and intellectual stimulation leadership behavior are especially important drivers of self-leadership and creative climate in a PSF, which in turn are positively related to employees’ work performance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed

Narcissism and creativity

In this study, we investigated the relationship between narcissism, creative personality traits, ideational fluency, and accomplishments in various creative activities. We measured narcissism with the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Emmons, 1987), creative personality with the Creative Person Profile (Martinsen, 2011), creative potential with a figural measure of divergent thinking, and a biographical inventory was used to measure accomplishments in creative activities. The sample consisted of 1375 young adults, mainly men. The results showed that narcissism was associated with fluency, seven creative personality dispositions, and five measures of creative activities. The latter associations were in general significant even when controlling for traits and creative potential. The strongest relationship displayed with narcissism was with the creative personality traits, in particular ambition, agreeableness, and motivation. Implications and limitations are noted.Narcissism and creativitysubmittedVersio

Animal Models to Study the Role of Long-Term Hypergastrinemia in Gastric Carcinogenesis

Patients with chronic hypergastrinemia due to chronic atrophic gastritis or gastrinomas have an increased risk of developing gastric malignancy, and it has been questioned whether also patients with hypergastrinemia caused by long-term use of acid inhibiting drugs are at risk. Gastric carcinogenesis in humans is affected by numerous factors and progresses slowly over years. When using animal models with the possibility of intervention, a complex process can be dissected by studying the role of hypergastrinemia in carcinogenesis within a relatively short period of time. We have reviewed findings from relevant models where gastric changes in animal models of long-term hypergastrinemia have been investigated. In all species where long-term hypergastrinemia has been induced, there is an increased risk of gastric malignancy. There is evidence that hypergastrinemia is a common causative factor in carcinogenesis in the oxyntic mucosa, while other cofactors may vary in the different models

Candidate Personality Traits Associated with Ratings in a Military Officer Selection Setting

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Neuroticism as an antecedent of abusive supervision and laissez-faire leadership in emergent leaders: The role of facets and agreeableness as a moderator

Academic interest in the relationship between leaders' personality and subordinates’ perception of destructive leadership behavior is increasing. However, results so far have been weak, contradictory, and inconsistent to theory. Here, we examine if using facets of neuroticism, rather than the broader trait, can be more informative and increases the predictive power. Next, we explore the interplay between personality dimensions by examining if the relationship between the facet angry hostility in neuroticism and destructive leadership behavior is moderated by the trait agreeableness. Four hundred and twenty emergent leaders were examined in a military selection context, combining the leaders' self-rated neuroticism (T1) with subordinates' subsequent perception of abusive supervision and laissez-faire leadership in a field exercise two weeks later (T2). The results indicated that using facets instead of the broad factor of neuroticism improved the prediction of examined outcomes. Only some of the facets of neuroticism were related to perceived leader behavior, with specific facets being identified for abusive supervision and laissez-faire leadership, respectively. Further, the relationship between angry hostility and both leadership styles was moderated by agreeableness.publishedVersio

The Multidimensional Self-Control Scale (MSCS): Development and validation

Trait self-control is important for well-being and mental and physical health. Most extant measures of self-control are limited in that they do not account for the multidimensionality and specificity of the trait. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a multidimensional and hierarchical scale of self-control in a full and a short version. The development of the Multidimensional Self-Control Scale (MSCS) and the Brief Multidimensional Self-Control Scale (BMSCS) was based on focus groups, a pilot, a main, and a validation sample (total N = 2,409). The 29-item MSCS consists of 6 first-order factors (Procrastination, Attentional Control, Impulse Control, Emotional Control, Goal Orientation, and Self-Control Strategies), 2 second-order factors (Inhibition and Initiation), and a third-order self-control factor. The 8 items in BMSCS provides a general trait self-control score. Findings from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the structures across samples, and internal consistency was acceptable. Assessment for acquiescence and sex differences indicated no major impacts on the scales. Strong convergent validity was observed with the Self-Control Scale (SCS) and the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS), as well as to other similar concepts. The MSCS subscales discriminated well between each other. Assessment of incremental validity of the MSCS over SCS, when controlling for sex and personality, showed significant increases in explained variance when predicting habits, hardiness, and life satisfaction. Similar significant results were observed for the BMSCS over the BSCS. Overall, results indicate that the new scales are useful measures that integrate recent theoretical and empirical findings of trait self-control. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)publishedVersio

Kartlegging av potensielt uhensiktsmessige legemidler hos sykehjemspasienter i Tromsø og Lofoten ved bruk av STOPP-kriteriene: en deskriptiv tverrsnittsstudie.

Introduksjon: Sykehjemspasienter er en gruppe med høy sykelighet, og er blant dem i samfunnet som bruker flest legemidler. På grunn av aldersrelaterte forandringer er en rekke legemidler uhensiktsmessige for eldre. Formålet med oppgaven var å kartlegge potensielt uhensiktsmessige legemidler blant sykehjemspasienter i Tromsø og Lofoten med utgangspunkt i kriterielisten Screening Tool of Older People`s potentially inappropriate Presciptions (STOPP). Et delmål var å vurdere om det er forskjeller mellom Tromsø og Lofoten med tanke på uhensiktsmessig legemiddelbruk. Metode: I løpet av høsten 2015 og januar 2016 ble det samlet inn data fra sykehjemspasienter i Lofoten og Tromsø. Dataene ble hentet ut fra pasientjournaler (Profil) og legemiddelkardex. Totalt 50 av 81 STOPP-kriterier ble benyttet i studien, da det ikke forelå tilstrekkelig data til å undersøke alle. Pasientenes legemiddellister ble deretter gjennomgått mot de inkluderte STOPP-kriteriene. Totalt 98 pasienter ble inkludert i studien, 32 fra Lofoten og 66 fra Tromsø. Resultater: Det ble identifisert potensielt uhensiktsmessige legemidler hos 43 % av pasientene ved bruk av STOPP-kriteriene. De hyppigste identifiserte kriteriene omhandlet bruk av benzodiazepiner, antipsykotika og z-hypnotika. Pasientene i Lofoten brukte signifikant flere faste medisiner enn pasientene i Tromsø, henholdsvis 5,9 versus 9,6. Lofoten-pasientene oppfylte også i gjennomsnitt 0,5 flere STOPP-kriterier. Denne forskjellen var signifikant, med en p-verdi på 0,049. Konklusjon: En stor andel av sykehjemspasientene i Tromsø og Lofoten bruker potensielt uhensiktsmessige legemidler identifisert med versjon to av STOPP-kriteriene. Det trengs mer forskning på hvilke kliniske effekter dette medfører. Studien indikerer at sykehjemspasientene i Lofoten får flere legemidler og flere potensielt uhensiktsmessige legemidler enn pasientene i Tromsø. Denne sammenhengen er imidlertid usikker på grunn av en mulig seleksjonsbias