Aspectos silviculturais e do manejo de pragas aplicado em dez viveiros florestais no Brasil

The success of a forestry enterprise depends, among other factors, on the good quality of the seedlings used in forest plantations. Poor quality seedlings, attacked by insects or affected by diseases, become more susceptible to biotic and abiotic factors in the environment when transplanted to the field. The bibliography on insect pests in forest nurseries is incomplete and often does not reflect the reality of different regions of Brazil and their specificities. Thus, the present study aims to raise aspects related to the management of insect pests currently adopted in forest nurseries in Brazil. For this, a survey of forest nurseries in the country was carried out, followed by a qualitative-quantitative evaluation of insect pest management. Thus, as a research instrument, a pre-established semi-open questionnaire was developed, composed of a mix of closed and open questions. With the data collected by the objective questions (closed questions), a descriptive analysis of the data was carried out, working the absolute values and percentages. Based on the answers to the subjective questions (open questions), content analysis and semantic analysis were performed. With the observed results, it was verified that 80% of these nurseries have a technical manager and registration with Renasem, with 80% of the technicians being agronomists and forestry engineers, 50% having sowing on the ground, 40% raised beds and 30% producing native or exotic or both. Difficulty in collecting and germinating seeds was reported, most produce their own substrate, 40% of nurseries are unaware of monitoring methods and 30% do not use any, with chemical and biological controls being the most used. Of those in charge, 70% do not know how to recognize the insect and 30% claim lack of knowledge. However, it is necessary an adequate management and the use of alternative controls to avoid the use of chemical products, conducive to maintaining the natural enemies, use other more efficient forms of monitoring and seek training for professionals in the area so that insects can be identified, in order to make the best decision in controlling these pests.CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)O sucesso de um empreendimento florestal, depende, entre outros fatores, da boa qualidade das mudas empregadas nos plantios florestais. Mudas de má qualidade, atacadas por insetos e ácaros ou acometidas por doenças, se tornam mais suscetíveis aos fatores bióticos e abióticos do ambiente, quando transplantadas para o campo. A bibliografia sobre pragas em viveiros florestais é incompleta e, muitas vezes, não reflete a realidade das diversas regiões do Brasil e suas especificidades. Assim, o presente estudo tem por objetivo levantar aspectos gerais e relacionados ao manejo de pragas adotado atualmente em viveiros florestais no Brasil. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento dos viveiros florestais no país, seguida de uma avaliação quali-quantitativa do manejo de pragas. Assim, como instrumento de pesquisa foi elaborado um questionário préestabelecido, do tipo semiaberto, composto por um misto de questões fechadas e abertas. Com os dados levantados pelas questões objetivas (questões fechadas), foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados, trabalhando os valores absolutos e percentuais. A partir das respostas das questões subjetivas (questões abertas), foi realizada análise do conteúdo e análise semântica. Com os resultados observados verificou que 80% desses viveiros possui responsável técnico e inscrição no Registro Nacional de Sementes e Mudas (Renasem), sendo que 80% dos técnicos são engenheiros agrônomos e florestais, 50% possuem sementeiras no chão, 40% canteiros suspensos e 30% produzem espécies nativas ou exóticas ou ambas. Foi relatada a dificuldade de coleta e germinação de sementes, a maioria produz seu próprio substrato, 40% dos viveiros desconhecem métodos de monitoramentos e 30% não utilizam nenhum, sendo os controles mais utilizados o químico e o biológico. Dos responsáveis técnicos, 70% não sabem reconhecer o inseto e 30% alegam falta de conhecimento. Contudo faz necessário um manejo adequado e o uso de controles alternativos para evitar o uso de produtos químicos com isso manter os inimigos naturais, usar outras formas de monitoramentos mais eficientes e buscar treinamentos para os profissionais da área para que se possam identificar os insetos, para assim conseguir tomar a melhor decisão no controle dessas pragas.2022-05-1

Hepatitis A and E among immigrants and refugees in Central Brazil

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) among immigrants and refugees in Goiás, Central Brazil. METHODS Overall, 355 individuals were interviewed, and blood samples were tested for anti-HAV and anti-HEV IgG. Anti-HEV-positive samples were similarly tested for HEV RNA. RESULTS All participants were from Latin American countries, most of whom, young adult males. The overall anti-HAV IgG prevalence was 87.4% (95%CI: 83.5–90.4), of whom 94.9%, 75.6%, and 60% were from Haiti, Venezuela, and other Latin American countries, respectively (p < 0.001). Age above 19 years and more than 36 months residing in Brazil were associated with a higher prevalence of previous HAV and HEV infection, respectively. Of the children eligible for HAV vaccination according to the National Immunization Program, only eight (44%) had been vaccinated. The overall anti-HEV IgG prevalence was 6.5% (95%CI: 4.4–9.5). All anti-HEV IgG-positive individuals were Haitians, including a child born in Brazil. HEV RNA was detected in two of the anti-HEV IgG-positive samples. CONCLUSION The survey detected a high prevalence of anti-HAV and anti-HEV IgG among immigrants and refugees, and active HEV infection among some Haitian participants. Prevention measures are urgently required to interrupt enteric virus transmission in this emergent and vulnerable population

Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children - Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), DSM-5 update: translation into Brazilian Portuguese

Brazilian governmental research funding agency Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Brazilian governmental research funding agency Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)Brazilian governmental research funding agency Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS)ShireNovartisEli LillyJanssen-CilagUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Fac Med, Dept Psiquiatria, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept & Inst Psiquiatria, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept & Inst Psiquiatria, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilPontifica Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul, Dev Cognit Neurosci Res Grp GNCD, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilInst Bairral Psiquiatria, Ctr Integrado Desenvolvimento Infancia & Adolesce, Itapira, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept & Inst Psiquiatria, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Decline in hepatitis B and C prevalence among hemodialysis patients in Tocantins, Northern Brazil

Infection control measures have been responsible for a decline in the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in hemodialysis patients. In Brazil, these measures have been in place since 1996. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current HBV and HCV epidemiology among hemodialysis patients in the State of Tocantins comparing them with those found 14 years ago. There was a significant decline in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV prevalence from 4% and 13% in 2001 to 0.8% and 2.8% in 2014-2015, respectively (p < 0.05). Variables related to hemodialysis environment such as working shift and length of time on hemodialysis treatment were no longer associated to HCV and HBV exposure in 2014-2015. A high prevalence of self-reported hepatitis B vaccination was observed in both periods, but only 30% of the individuals showed serological profile of effective previous immunization, suggesting a low compliance with surveillance of hepatitis B immunization in hemodialysis centers. The significant decline in viral hepatitis B and C prevalence in hemodialysis patients in Tocantins underscores the importance of infection control measures, but the low frequency of protective serological profile after immunization against hepatitis B points to the need for greater vigilance of the patients’ vaccination

Viral hepatitis in female sex workers using the Respondent-Driven Sampling

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus and C virus infections and their genotypes and analyze the risk factors for the markers of exposure to hepatitis B virus in female sex workers in a region of intense sex trade. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study performed with four hundred and two female sex workers in Goiânia, Brazil. Data have been collected using the Respondent-Driven Sampling. The women have been interviewed and tested for markers of hepatitis B and C viruses. Positive samples have been genotyped. The data have been analyzed using the Respondent-Driven Sampling Analysis Tool, version 5.3, and Stata 11.0. RESULTS The adjusted prevalence for hepatitis B virus and C virus were 17.1% (95%CI 11.6–23.4) and 0.7% (95%CI 0.1–1.5), respectively. Only 28% (95%CI 21.1–36.4) of the participants had serological evidence of vaccination against hepatitis B virus. Being older (>; 40 years), being single, having a history of blood transfusion and use of cocaine, and ignoring the symptoms of sexually transmitted infections were associated with positivity for hepatitis B virus (p < 0.05). We have detected the subgenotype A1 of hepatitis B virus (n = 3) and the subtypes of hepatitis C virus 1a (n = 3) and 1b (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS We can observe a low prevalence of infection of hepatitis B and C viruses in the studied population. However, the findings of the analysis of the risk factors show the need for more investment in prevention programs for sexual and drug-related behavior, as well as more efforts to vaccinate this population against hepatitis B. The genotypes of the hepatitis B virus and C virus identified are consistent with those circulating in Brazil

Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children - present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL), DSM-5 update : translation into Brazilian Portuguese

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Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/2 infection among immigrants and refugees in Central Brazil, an emerging vulnerable population

IntroductionMigratory flows play a significant role in the spread of human T-lymphotropic virus 1/2 (HTLV-1/2). In the last decade, a substantial migration of individuals occurred from Haiti and Venezuela to Brazil. However, data on the prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection among these international migrants in Brazil are scarce. This study describes the prevalence of this infection among immigrants and refugees in Central Brazil.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 537 international migrants in the State of Goiás, Central Brazil. Participants were interviewed, and blood samples were collected. Serological screening for anti-HTLV-1/2 was performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Murex HTLV-I + II, DiaSorin, Dartford, UK), and seropositive samples were submitted for confirmation by a line immunoassay (INNO-LIA HTLV I/II, Fujirebio, Europe N.V., Belgium).ResultsThe majority of participants were males (54.4%), between 18 and 50 years old (78%; mean age: 29.1 years), self-declared black (55.1%), reported 1 to 12 years of formal education (70.9%), and were either Venezuelans (47.9%) or Haitians (39.7%). Additionally, 50.1% were immigrants, 49% were refugees, and five were Brazilian children (0.9%) born to Haitian immigrant parents. The overall prevalence of anti-HTLV-1/2 was 0.95% (95% CI: 0.31–2.28), with HTLV-1 at 0.19% and HTLV-2 at 0.76%. All seropositive individuals (n = 5) were refugees from Venezuela, resulting in a rate of 2.26% for anti-HTLV-1/2, HTLV-1 (0.45%) and HTLV-2 (1.81%) among Venezuelan refugees. Of the demographic and behavioral characteristics evaluated, unprotected sexual intercourse and having more than one sexual partner (≥2) in the previous 12 months were associated with HTLV-1/2 seropositivity among Venezuelans.ConclusionThis study revealed, despite the low seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 among international migrants in Central Brazil, evidence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections in Venezuelan refugees. In addition, their characteristics highlight that specific social and health programs should be implemented for these emergent and socially vulnerable migrant groups

Comportamentos de risco para doenças sexualmente transmissíveis em caminhoneiros no Brasil Risk behaviors for sexually transmitted diseases among truck drivers in Brazil

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a freqüência de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST) e os fatores de risco a elas associados conforme auto-relato em caminhoneiros de rota longa no Brasil. MÉTODO: De outubro de 2005 a outubro de 2006, foram entrevistados 641 caminhoneiros de rota longa que circulam na BR-153, uma rodovia federal que atravessa o Brasil de sul a norte. Um roteiro estruturado foi usado para a coleta de dados sociodemográficos. Os caminhoneiros responderam ainda a um questionário auto-aplicável sobre comportamentos de risco e antecedentes de DST. Os dados foram ajustados e analisados por regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Dos 641 entrevistados, 620 (96,7%) responderam sobre antecedentes de DST. Desses, 35,6% (IC95%: 31,9 a 39,6) referiram história presente ou passada de DST. A idade superior a 30 anos foi estatisticamente associada ao relato de DST. Ainda, os caminhoneiros que relataram o uso de anfetaminas ("rebite") (razão de chances, OR: 1,7; IC95%: 1,1 a 2,6), antecedentes prisionais (OR: 2,2; IC95%: 1,2 a 4,2) e relacionamento sexual com profissionais do sexo (OR: 1,9; IC95%: 1,3 a 2,8) apresentaram maior chance de relato de DST. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo ratificam a elevada vulnerabilidade dos caminhoneiros brasileiros às DST e evidenciam a importância de programas específicos de prevenção de doenças e promoção da saúde para esse grupo-alvo, que vive em constante deslocamento, sendo eficaz em disseminar as DST.<br>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and associated risk factors based on self-reporting by long-haul truck drivers in Brazil. METHOD: From October 2005-October 2006, 641 long-haul truck drivers that travel federal highway BR-153, traversing the country from south to north, were interviewed. A structured interview was used to collect sociodemographic data. The truck drivers also completed a self-administered questionnaire on risk behaviors and STD history. The data were adjusted and analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 641 drivers interviewed, 620 (96.7%) provided answers on STD history. Of these, 35.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 31.9-39.6) reported past or current STD. Being 30 years of age or older was statistically associated with having a history of STD. In addition, truck drivers who reported using amphetamines (odds ratio (OR) = 1.7; 95%CI = 1.1-2.6), having been incarcerated (OR = 2.2; 95%CI = 1.2-4.2), and sexual relations with sex professionals (OR = 1.9; 95%CI = 1.3-2.8) had increased odds for having a history of STD. CONCLUSION: These results confirm that Brazilian truck drivers are highly vulnerable to STD and show the importance of prevention programs targeting this specific group, one that is constantly on the move and may efficiently disseminate STD

Hepatitis E seroprevalence and associated factors in rural settlers in Central Brazil

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection and associated factors were investigated in rural settlements in Central Brazil. METHODS: A total of 464 settlers were interviewed, and serum samples were tested for anti-HEV IgG/IgM. Positive samples were tested for HEV RNA. RESULTS: Sixteen participants (3.4%; 95% CI 2.0-5.7) were positive for anti-HEV IgG. None was positive for anti-HEV IgM. HEV RNA was not detected. Dwelling in a rural settlement for >5 years was associated with HEV seropositivity. CONCLUSIONS: The results revealed the absence of acute infection and a low prevalence of previous exposure to HEV